Psych. of Adjust. Exam1

Nae and explain the 3 things that are most highly correlated with happiness

- Relationship Satisfaction: On average, married people tend to be happier than people who are single or divorced. This could be because they feel stable income and another person to rely on. It could also be that they feel they always have someone there for them and looking out for them (making sure they go to the doctor, dentist, etc) - Work: Job satisfaction is strong related to happiness. The majority of our days and our lives are spent working, liking your job can make it more enjoyable and feel less stressful. If someone hates their job, but spend all their time there, they are more likely to be stressed, moody, and unhappy - Genetic and Personality: Extraversion is a strong predictor of happiness. They want you were born, your personality, and your genetic makeup can make on feel either happy or unhappy.

Name and explain the 3 self-perceptions; differences between

Actual self, ideal self and ought self. - Actual Self: qualities people think they actually posses - Ideal self: qualities people would like to have. - Ought self: qualities people SHOULD have.

Define defense mechanisms. In the following examples, identify the defense mechanism and define it. 1. Even a top baseball player will sometimes strike out on an easy pitch. When this happens, his next action may be to throw his bat or kick the water cooler with all his might. 2. Mrs. Brown often accuses other women of talking too much and spreading rumors. It is rather obvious to those who know her that she is revealing her own inclinations in that area. 3. The young wife, after a bitter conflict with her husband, gives up marriage as a failure and returns to the home of her parents. She again takes on the role of the dependent child who expects unlimited love and indulgence. 4. Soldiers exposed to traumatic experiences in concentration camps during wartime sometimes had amnesia and were unable to recall any part of their ordeal.

Defense mechanisms are largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety or guilt. 1. Displacement - the expression of feelings toward a person/thing who is less threatening than the true target of those feelings 2. Projection - the attribution of one's undesirable feelings to others 3. Regression - the displacing of immature behaviors that have relieved anxiety in the past 4. Repression - the banishment of threatening thoughts, feelings, and memories into the unconscious mind

Explain the fight or flight response. In your answer, describe the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and give examples of the physiological changes each causes. Also, think of a stressful event and describe how fight or flight would manifest in that scenario. Be sure to include the physiological changes one would experience in this event.

Fight or flight is a physiological reaction to a threat that mobilizes an organism for attacking or fleeing an enemy. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, and decreasing digestion. The parasympathetic nervous system brings the body back to a resting state once the threat is gone but reversing the physiological changes of fight or flight. Example responses will vary. Be sure to include the process of returning the body to resting state (function of the parasympathetic nervous system).

Brenda saves money during the summer because she works fewer hours during the fall and her income drops then. Brenda is practicing which type of coping strategy?

Problem-focuses

Finding humor in the situation is considered a(n) ______-focused strategy of constructive coping. ​

appraisal

According to your textbook, people are motivated to maintain a _____ view of life

consistent

The paradox of progress is the notion that

despite unparalleled advances in technology, we seem to have more social and personal difficulties

An individual who recently had preventive bypass surgery may think, "At least I didn't have a serious heart attack like my older brother did." This thinking exemplifies they strategy known as

downward social comparison

Empiricism is the premise that _________ should be acquired through ______.

knowledge; observation

​Whenever others expect you to conform to their expectations or perform in certain ways, you tend to experience

pressure

​Primary appraisal is an initial evaluation of whether an event is

relevant and stressful

​The best way to approach self-modification is to focus on _______ rather than ______.

specific behaviors; personality traits

A correlation coefficient of -0.80 indicates a

strong, inverse correlation

An educational researcher wants to determine whether dies causes children to learn better in school. In this study, the independent variable is

the type of diet

​Beth often came home from school eager to escape online. In fact, she found it difficult to do anything else in the evenings other than spend time on the Internet. Beth may be experiencing

​all of these

Constructive coping involves all of the following EXCEPT​

​being less realistic in your appraisal of your coping resources.

Hans Selye's work was important because it showed​

​how prolonged physiological arousal that is meant to be adaptive could lead to diseases.