Psych Quiz Exam 3

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory?

People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

Adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, when is the most efficient time for Carl to mow the lawn?

After he has received some exciting news

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers.

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

Asch

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

Balance between extroversion and introversion

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

Biofeedback

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy's pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

Dimension 2 - Depersonalization

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments.

Dispositionism

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

Eustress

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

Fight-or-flight

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state a person might say that they feel that they "lose themselves" in the activity.

Flow

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

Foot-in-the-door technique

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?

Freudian Slip

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

Giving them unconditional positive regard

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

Hassles

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing

Which of the following is an example of an instinctive behavior?

Infant rooting for a nipple

Which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world?

James, who lives in England

According to the ________ theory of emotions, one's physiological arousal precedes the cognitive experience of a feeling.

James-Lange

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout?

Job Strain

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

Just-World

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?

Karen Horney

Which individual produced volumes that discussed sexual behavior among Americans in a way that had never before been made public, research that was not happily received by all who read it?

Kinsey

A(n) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

inferiority

Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do, even though she receives no material rewards for doing so. Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation.

intrinsic

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

less stress than someone who has no effective options

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called ________.

lymphocytes

Sally really loves being outdoors. She likes to hike, do yoga in the warm sun, and go for long camping trips. She and her wife move to Arizona from New York so that they can enjoy these activities in warmer weather for most of the year. This process of moving to an area that is most suited for one's personality tendencies is called selective ________.

migration

Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________.

motivation

When one considers the majority of the scientific data that are available, what can be said about sexual orientation?

Sexual orientation is something with which we are born

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

Simon bites his mother

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment?

Social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to minority cultures.

TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship?

The amount of contact you have with people

What was responsible for the development of the indigenous model of studying the cultural context of personality?

The dominance of Western approaches to studying personality in non-Western cultures

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating

The fundamental attribution error

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

Trait

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence?

When the correct choice is unclear

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?

When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

Women reporting experiencing more stress than men

Amir bites his fingernails when he is nervous or anxious, and he does so without any intention or even recognition that he is doing so. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage.

a habit

What is a social role?

a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

According to research, the need for ________ encourages Mr. Blutarski to complete a second PhD., so he can add another accomplishment to his already long list of accolades.

achievement

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Despite her drastically thin appearance, Mercy genuinely believes that she is overweight, often referring to herself as "fat". Mercy probably suffers from ________.

anorexia nervosa

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

The ________ complex is the part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory.

basolateral

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs and finally striving for self-actualization.

biological; social

Johanna is almost always nasty to people. She talks about others behind their backs, looks for ways to undercut classmates, and intentionally does things to impede other's success. Virtually everyone she knows eventually grows to dislike her, often citing her nastiness as the reason why they don't want to be around her. According to Allport, this negativity seems to be a(n) ________ trait for Johanna.

cardinal

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence.

normative

Greg is 5 feet three inches tall and weighs 260 pounds. His body mass index, or BMI, is 42.7. According to the standards set by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Greg is ________.

obese

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun—she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect.

overjustification

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

challenge; threat

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

choleric

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

chronic

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

cognitive

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel any real passion toward each other. They have a relationship based on ________ love.

companionate

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other and have an active and satisfying sex life, and are each deeply committed to supporting each other. They share ________ love.

consummate

Galen used the terms calm, reliable, and thoughtful to describe a ________ person.

phlegmatic

What is the main idea of drive theory?

deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

diffusion of responsibility

A(n) ________ is a subjective, affective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) ________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.

emotion; mood

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

esteem

In the HEXACO model of personality traits, to what does the "X" refer?

extraversion

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe in the _______.

facial feedback hypothesis

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the hear to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

According to Freud's psychosexual theory of personality, the ________ stage involves a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent).

genital

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.

high self-efficacy

Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like people who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, "man, that isn't a cool way to be. You do realize that you're expressing a form of prejudice called ________, don't you?"

homophobia

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

id

The process by which one's physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ________ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. She thinks that those who do not play chess must be less intelligent than those who do, and thus she doesn't want to spend time with them. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in-group

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

posttraumatic stress disorder

What was the third personality dimension eventually proposed by Hans and Sybil Eysenck?

psychoticism versus superego control

Which choice would you not expect to occur during the excitement phase of the sexual response cycle?

reduction in pulse and blood pressure

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friend's father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation.

script

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.

self-actualization

The ________ theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change.

set point

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of ________.

social support

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?

suggesting that our birth orders shapes our personality

Of the following options, which is not one of the temperaments first proposed by Thomas and Chess (1977)?

the secure baby

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path

What is Prader-Willi syndrome?

A genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism

The saying is "Money can buy happiness," but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

$75,000

How many different scales are used to compile a profile from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

10

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

Congruence

The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American lifestyles.

Contemporized-Themes

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

Denial

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify?

Dimension 1 - Exhaustion

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

Who was the first theorist to explore the idea that the way we appraise a situation would influence the type of emotion that we'd experience in response to that event?

Magda Arnold

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?

Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. Which of Karen Horney's coping strategy is Marcos using?

Moving against people

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself.

Peripheral

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________.

Philip Zimbardo

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems?

Positive Psychology

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ________.

Prejudice