Psych Test 3

A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.

attitude

The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese.

bystander effect

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

cognitive

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called ________.

consummate

Annaliese knows that her friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers her, but she knows that if she tells the teacher everyone will think she is a snitch. She decides her friends' approval is more important, so she says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify?

conventional

The continuous development approach views development as a ________.

cumulative process

Specific normative events are also called ________.

developmental milestones

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in-group

The field of social psychology studies topics at the _______ level which include topics such as emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition.

intrapersonal

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

just-world

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

physical

________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

psychological

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

schemata

Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.

self-serving bias

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________.

self-serving bias

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

sensorimotor

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________.

social loafing

socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

social role

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a ________.

confirmation bias

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

environment, culture, and experience

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

permissive

In the ________ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning.

pre operational

When it comes to social psychology, a _________ is a person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

script

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

Assimilation

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors.

Dispositionism

Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?

Erik Erikson

People in early adulthood (20s through early 40s) are ready to establish emotional closeness and maintain relationships with others. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Intimacy vs. isolation

Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?

Lawrence Kohlberg

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

Pre conventional

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

Stereotypes

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Trust vs. mistrust

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

Object Permanence

Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling.

actor-observer bias

Roger and Joan have passion in their relationship, and they agree they will support each other. But when it comes to sharing their thoughts, they lack intimacy. Their love is called ________.

fatuous

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot-in-the-door