Psych test 3

One-year-old Marcus turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue. The reason for such a reaction is most likely

A. an inborn distaste for bitter that protects us from potential poisons in the environment

When Rocco views the image above, he sees it as a 13 when it is part of a larger number but as a B when it is part of a word. Rocco's response shows the importance of what perceptual concept?

A. context effects

Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?

A. gate control theory

The process of converting incoming physical energy into a neural code that can be processed is called

A. transduction

The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following?

B. Gestalt principles of closure and continuity

Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty?

B. Her cones cannot detect color well in dim light.

People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their

B. cones

Eleanor Gibson and her colleagues have used the visual cliff to measure an infant's ability to perceive

B. depth

John moves to a new job in a large urban area. For the first few days, John is continuously distracted by the sounds of traffic and street noise. By the end of the first week, John barely notices the sounds of the city. Which of the following has occurred?

B. habituation

Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense?

C. Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body

Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her?

C. Linear perspective

Convergence is a binocular depth cue that is based on the

C. muscular tension that occurs when the eyes turn inward

Negative afterimages are explained by

C. opponent-process theory

The area labeled A contains the

C. ossicles

Dizziness is most closely associated with which of the following senses?

C. vestibular

20

Cornea

Luz, a math major, sees the drawing above as a Venn diagram. Her brother, an art major, sees it as two circles. The difference in perception is an example of

D. top-down processing

Observers watch a group of people passing a basketball back and forth. A researcher asks the observers to count the number of passes made. As they count passes, many of the observers fail to notice a person in a gorilla costume walking through the basketball court. Which of the following is the most likely reason many of the observers do not notice the person in the gorilla costume?

E. Inattentional blindness

An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called

E. Selective attention

Ana is instructed by her doctor to wear a patch over one eye while an infection heals. While wearing the patch, Ana will lose her ability to use which of the following depth perception cues?

E. retinal disparity

21

Iris

23

Lens

25

Optic nerve

22

Pupil

24

Retina