PsychConsultation Final

As a result of effective and empathic confrontation, a counselor or therapist can expect that the client will

. resolve his or her issues. b. move to a more productive topic. c. come up with new ideas, thoughts, and feelings. x d. become angry.

Who brought the importance of empathy to our attention?

Carl Rogers

Which one of the following client responses indicate that the client is considering life meaning?

a. "How will I resolve this issue?" b. "I'm so confused; which plan should I follow?" c. "What should I really be doing?" x d. "I am hurt, and I am angry."

Which of the following statements is TRUE of active listening?

a. Active listening demands that the interviewer fully participate in the interview by encouraging, paraphrasing, or summarizing. b. Active listening enables the interviewer to see the client's worldview more completely. c. Active listening enables the interviewer to hear small changes in client thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and to help the client enrich his or her story. d. All of these statements are true of active listening. x

Under which of the following conditions will simply talking with the clients about their issues NOT be enough, and the counselor may need to consider advocacy or another approach to resolve a social justice issue?

a. As an elementary school counselor, you are helping a student who feels overwhelmed with her homework assignments. b. As a personal counselor, you are working with a woman facing divorce. c. As a personnel officer, you discover systematic bias against promotion for women and minorities. x d. As a high school guidance counselor, you are helping graduating seniors prepare their paperwork for college.

The basic listening sequence consists of which skills?

a. Attending behavior, listening skills, and self-disclosure b. Questions, encouragers, paraphrases, reflection of feeling, and summarizations x c. Verbal underlining, attending behavior, and influencing skills d. Open questions, closed questions, attending behavior, check-out

Which one of the following is a key interviewer behavior when working with children?

a. Be prepared to help children avoid topic jumps and focus on a single issue. b. Allow them to play with clay or draw to expend excess energy. x c. Soften your tone when you must look down to their level. d. Ask broad open questions to allow room for their creative responses.

Which of the following suggestions may encourage clients to talk more freely with you?

a. Build trust at the client's pace. b. Accept some randomness. c. Search for concrete specifics. d. All of these x

Identify how the counselor is trying to focus the client by using this question: "What are some of the strengths that you gain from your spiritual orientation?"

a. Client focus b. Theme or problem focus c. Significant others focus d. Mutuality, immediacy, counselor focus e. Cultural /environmental/contextual focus x

Identify how the counselor is trying to focus the client by using this question: "So you learned in your family that trying harder helped work things out?"

a. Client focus b. Theme or problem focus c. Significant others focus x d. Mutuality, immediacy, counselor focus e. Cultural/environmental/contextual focus

Identify how the counselor is trying to focus the client by using this question: "Could you tell me more about that issue?"

a. Client focus b. Theme or problem focus x c. Significant others focus d. Mutuality, immediacy, counselor focus e. Cultural/environmental/contextual focus

Identify how the counselor is trying to focus the client by using this response: "Sounds like you are punishing yourself when you are trying so hard to be responsible."

a. Client focus x b. Theme or problem focus c. Significant others focus d. Mutuality, immediacy, counselor focus

Which of the following behaviors may indicate that your client wants to close off a particular topic?

a. Client looks straight into your eyes. b. Client crosses his/her arms or legs. x c. Client begins to cry. d. Client exhibits stammering.

Which of the following research findings suggests that you should structure the session and let the client know what to expect?

a. Clients have sought help before. b. First impressions are important. x c. Counseling helps, but so do events outside of the session. d. None of these findings apply.

Which of the following research findings suggests that generalizing behavior and thought to daily life is central?

a. Clients have sought help before. b. First impressions are important. c. Counseling helps, but so do events outside of the session. x d. None of these findings apply.

Which of the following research findings suggests that you should ask your clients what they have tried before they came to you and find out what aspects of prior efforts seemed to help?

a. Clients have sought help before. x b. First impressions are important. c. Counseling helps, but so do events outside of the session. d. None of these findings apply.

Which of the following theories of counseling deal with problem solving and decisions?

a. Cognitive-behavioral b. Person-centered c. Psychoanalytic d. All of the above x

Which question opener will be MOST useful for bringing out client reasoning?

a. Could b. What c. How d. Why x

Which question opener will be MOST useful for bringing out client feelings and emotions?

a. Could b. What c. How x d. Why

Which question opener will be MOST useful for bringing out specific facts within the client's story?

a. Could b. What x c. How d. Why

Which of the following questions may help you clarify the statements of a client who talks in abstract form with many vague generalities?

a. Could you tell me more? b. What happened specifically? x c. How do you feel about that? d. What else?

Which series of openers are most appropriate for open questions?

a. Could, can, would, do, is, are b. Do, is, are, who, what, why, could c. Could, would, why, do, is, who d. Who, what, when, where, why, could, would, can x

Intentional interviewing is a critical skill for which of the following professions?

a. Counselors and psychologists b. Psychotherapists c. Detectives and reporters d. All of these professions x

"The session is nearing an end. Can we find ways for some specific changes in your actions during next week?" Which therapeutic approach does this illustrate?

a. Decisional counseling b. Cognitive-behavioral theory c. Logotherapy d. All of the above x

Which theory of counseling stresses core counselor attitudes, such as empathy and unconditional positive regard, to help the client explore his or her feelings in and achieve his or her full potential?

a. Decisional counseling b. Person-centered counseling x c. Logotherapy d. Multicultural counseling and therapy

"I hear you saying, Leonor, that you are anxious about the examination coming up. What goes through your mind when you think about the exam?" Which therapeutic approach does this illustrate?

a. Decisional counseling b. Person-centered theory c. Cognitive behavioral theory x d. All of the above

"You are afraid of bridges because you think they may break when you are on them. How do you react when you have this thought?" Which therapeutic approach does this illustrate?

a. Decisional counseling b. Person-centered theory c. Cognitive behavioral theory x d. All of the above

"Leonor, let me try to summarize what's been said so far. I hear your tension and worry about the examination. We've learned that you've lost a lot of sleep. At the same time, we've been able to review things that have gone right. Is that right? (Leonor nods silently.) Our goal is discover a way to deal with exam pressure. Let's try a role-played conversation with your professor. Is that okay? Which therapeutic approach does this illustrate?

a. Decisional counseling b. Person-centered theory c. Cognitive behavioral therapy x d. All of the above

"Leonor, now we need to get more specific and define behaviors that can help you reach your goals." Which therapeutic approach does this illustrate?

a. Decisional counseling b. Person-centered theory c. Cognitive behavioral therapy x d. All of the above

"Sounds like you have some major strengths to build on." Which therapeutic approach does this illustrate?

a. Decisional counseling b. Person-centered theory c. Cognitive-behavioral theory d. All of the above x

Which therapeutic approach focuses on values, vision, and life's meaning?

a. Decisional counseling b. Person-centered theory c. Logotherapy x d. Motivational interviewing

"Sounds like this is a major challenge to your values and beliefs. Is that right?" Which therapeutic approach does this illustrate?

a. Decisional counseling b. Person-centered theory x c. Cognitive-behavioral theory d. All of the above

"Leonor, let's now review the alternatives you have for change and examine the pluses and minuses of each choice." Which therapeutic approach does this illustrate?

a. Decisional counseling x b. Person-centered theory c. Cognitive-behavioral theory d. All of the above

Interpretation/reframing helps clients find new ways of thinking about their alternatives for action in which of the following theories?

a. Decisional theory x b. Cognitive-behavioral theory c. Psychodynamic theory d. Person-centered theory

Define the problem, define goals, and generate alternative solutions and select an approach are the classic three-step decisional or problem-solving model credited to Benjamin Franklin. What two steps were added to create the current five-stage decisional model?

a. Empathic relationship / goals b. Structuring the session / developing a checklist c. Empathic relationship / action x d. Goals / story and strengths

Classify the following response: Client: There's this group of girls that make fun of me and call me names, and I feel sad. They keep making fun of my shoes, just 'cause I don't have name-brand shoes. I try to ignore them, but still the feeling inside me just hurts. Counselor response: You are having trouble at school. Some girls call you names, make fun of your shoes, and it feels hurtful inside.

a. Encouraging b. Paraphrasing c. Summarizing x d. Restating

Classify the following response: Client: There's this group of girls that make fun of me and call me names, and I feel sad. They keep making fun of my shoes, just 'cause I don't have name-brand shoes. I try to ignore them, but still the feeling inside me just hurts. Counselor response: Demaris, it sounds like it hurts when they make fun of your shoes.

a. Encouraging b. Paraphrasing x c. Summarizing d. Restating

Which of the following is the best definition of acculturation?

a. Giving up one's own culture and embracing a new culture b. Maintaining one's own culture while embracing the new c. The degree to which an individual has adopted the norms of behaving in a given culture x d. The degree to which an individual has learned how to behave in a culturally appropriate way

Which of the following is true?

a. How you say something is less important than what you say, particularly if you say it clearly. b. There is less need to say things clearly if you say them well. c. How something is said is always more important than what is actually said. d. How something is said can sometimes overrule the actual words used by you and the client. x

Which one of the following is an INACCURATE description of one of the five stages of the client session?

a. Initiate the session, rapport and structuring. b. Gather data; draw out client stories. c. Counselor sets client goals. x d. Explore and create alternatives. e. Conclude and generalize; act on new stories.

As you prepare your first session treatment plan for a new client, you would most likely ask the question "What specific incongruities do you anticipate in the client?" at which stage of the session?

a. Initiate the session. b. Gather data. c. Sets goals mutually. d. Explore and create alternatives. x e. Conclude and generalize.

"Stress management includes both modifying your reactions to a stressful workload and reducing the amount of work." What does this statement illustrate?

a. Instruction/psychoeducation x b. Interpretation/reframing c. Self-disclosure d. Logical consequences

Which of the following is a key word used by counselors to elicit meaning?

a. Intent b. Reasons c. Cause d. All of these x

"Marianne, if you continue to harass your employer, you may be terminated at work." What does this statement illustrate?

a. Interpretation b. Logical consequences x c. Self-disclosure d. Instruction/psychoeducation

"Sharlon, I really like the job you did in the volunteer campaign. A lot of people commented on your excellent work." What does this statement illustrate?

a. Interpretation/reframing b. Logical consequences c. Self-disclosure d. Feedback x

"If you want to accomplish better results, follow this routine three times a week, for 20 minutes." What does this statement illustrate?

a. Interpretation/reframing b. Logical consequences c. Self-disclosure d. Instruction/psychoeducation x

"I'd feel more comfortable if I weren't the center of attention." What does this statement illustrate?

a. Interpretation/reframing b. Logical consequences c. Self-disclosure x d. Feedback

"I'm really feeling bad right now." What does this statement illustrate?

a. Interpretation/reframing b. Logical consequences c. Self-disclosure x d. Feedback

Which of the following sequences outlines the basic strength-based framework for human change?

a. Interview-goals-analyze-integrate-act b. Empathic relationship-story and strengths-goals-restory-action x c. Story-restory-relationship-strengths-wellness d. Interview-objectives-client strengths-planning-action

A counselor may hear, "Yes, I hurt, and perhaps I should be angry," in which level of the Client Change Scale (CCS)?

a. Level 1: Denial b. Level 2: Partial examination x c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change d. Level 4: Generation of a new solution e. Level 5: Development of new, larger, and more inclusive constructs, patterns, or behaviors—transcendence

The client may distort his or her story and blame others unfairly in which level of the Client Change Scale (CCS)?

a. Level 1: Denial x b. Level 2: Partial examination c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change d. Level 4: Generation of a new solution e. Level 5: Development of new, larger, and more inclusive constructs, patterns, or behaviors—transcendence

"I think if you do that, you will get the attention you are looking for." What does this statement illustrate?

a. Logical consequences x b. TLC c. Stress management d. Instruction/psychoeducation

"You would like to find out what all of this means to you?" Which therapeutic approach does this illustrate?

a. Logotherapy x b. Person-centered theory c. Decisional counseling d. All of the above

Choose the BEST method for formulating and responding to the client with an interpretation/reframing.

a. Match the client's behavior with the most appropriate microskill. b. Draw conclusions from the client's nonverbal expression of feeling. c. Provide a fresh look at the issue and link ideas or information. x d. Consider the ethnic and cultural background of the client.

Which aspect of an effective counselor addresses the capacity to go beyond oneself and successfully apply newly mastered skills in helping others?

a. Multicultural understanding b. Empathy c. Transcendence x d. Authenticity

Which of the following is a good reason to refer a client?

a. No counselor has all the answers. b. You refer your client to welfare and child services because he or she needs additional help. c. The client/counselor relationship is just not working as well as it should. d. All of these are good reasons to refer. x

Which one of the following is NOT a technique of empathic confrontation?

a. Observe and note discrepancies and conflict. b. Feedback internal and external discrepancies to the client. c. Match tonal quality with the client during the feedback of discrepancies. x d. Evaluate the client response and whether there is client change. e. If the client does not change, try another skill.

Distinguish which of the following accurately summarizes the steps for practical competence and mastery of the microskills.

a. Read about the skill; define its key features; observe skill in role-play; practice the skill; record results; discuss the results with the client. b. Focus on a single skill or strategy; read about its effective use; view it in action; review different applications of the skills; practice in role-play; develop a summary. x c. Plan for learning; observe the skill; define skill purpose; observe skill in role-play; practice and plan for the use of the skill; use the skill with a client. d. Observe skill in action; plan for learning; learn the skill; practice in role-play; take action; evaluate your outcomes.

Who was the founder of logotherapy?

a. Sigmund Freud b. Carl Rogers c. Viktor Frankl x d. Albert Ellis

What recommendation does your text make about taking notes?

a. Since most clients object, make notes after sessions. b. Notes and recording are really not necessary. c. Ask the client to review notes for accuracy and agreement. d. Listen intentionally and take notes during the session. x e. Video record all sessions so note taking is not necessary.

Identify the stage from the five-stage decisional model where a counselor would most likely use this question: "Will you do it?"

a. Stage 1: Empathic Relationship—Initiating the session b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths—Gathering data c. Stage 3: Goals—Mutual goal setting d. Stage 4: Restory—Working e. Stage 5: Action—Terminating x

Identify the stage from the five-stage decisional model where a counselor would most likely use this statement: "Robert, describe an ideal solution."

a. Stage 1: Empathic Relationship—Initiating the session b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths—Gathering data c. Stage 3: Goals—Mutual goal setting x d. Stage 4: Restory—Working e. Stage 5: Action—Terminating

Identify the stage from the five-stage decisional model where a counselor would most likely use this statement: "Robert, I'd like to know some things that have gone well for you at work."

a. Stage 1: Empathic Relationship—Initiating the session b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths—Gathering data x c. Stage 3: Goals—Mutual goal setting d. Stage 4: Restory—Working e. Stage 5: Action—Terminating

Which of the following is NOT a stage in the five-stage counseling model?

a. Stage 1: Reason for Consultation—Initiating the session x b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths—Gathering data c. Stage 3: Goals—Mutual goal setting d. Stage 4: Restory—Working e. Stage 5: Action—Terminating

Identify the step of empathic confrontation in which a counselor would most likely make this statement: "You really want to meet him, but you're a little bit anxious."

a. Step 1: Identify Conflict x b. Step 2: Point Out Issues of Incongruity c. Step 3: Evaluating Change d. This is not included in supportive confrontation.

Identify the step of empathic confrontation in which a counselor would most likely make this statement: "On the one hand . . ., and on the other hand . . ."

a. Step 1: Identify conflict b. Step 2: Point out and clarify issues of incongruity x c. Step 3: Evaluate the change d. This statement is not included in supportive confrontation.

If you don't come with me to the party, I'll really be angry, and you'll be sorry. What does this statement illustrate?

a. TLC b. Logical consequences x c. Stress management d. Instruction/psychoeducation

Which of the following is a reason to focus client conversation?

a. The client gives you three full minutes of problematic stories. b. The client insists that you start solving issues immediately. c. You and the client are overwhelmed by the number of client issues. d. All of these choices are good reasons to focus client conversation. x

According to the authors, all but which one of the following are dangers of questions?

a. The client may be put on the defensive by why questions. b. The interviewer can take too much control of the session. c. Client stories may be made more concrete and specific through questioning strategies. x d. In cross-cultural situations, too many questions may destroy the relationship.

Which one of the following is NOT a predictable result when using reflection of meaning?

a. The client will experience their feelings and emotions more deeply. x b. The client discusses stories, issues, and concerns in more depth. c. There is special emphasis on deeper meanings, values, and understanding. d. Clients may be able to discern life goals and visions for the future.

Although responses will vary depending on the individual client's culture, what is most likely to occur if you fail to attend intentionally to your client?

a. The client will talk more freely. b. The client will present more breaks in eye contact. x c. The client will respond more openly. d. The client will display more comfortable body language.

Which of the following is a key aspect of Carl Rogers' counseling approach?

a. The importance of empathic understanding b. The centrality of emotion c. An emphasis on listening d. All of the above x

What, if any, is the difference between interpretation and reframing?

a. There is no discernible difference. b. Both focus on providing a new way of thinking for the client. c. Interpretation reveals new ways of thinking beneath client conversation; reframing defines a new frame of reference for considering issues. x d. Interpretation is new ways of thinking provided by the client; reframing is a new frame of reference provided by the counselor.

Visuals—which of the following is true?

a. We always need to strive for eye contact. b. In some cultures, eye contact is always considered inappropriate. c. Men have better eye contact than women. d. Culturally and individually appropriate eye contact is essential x

"Carter, if you continue to harass your sister, you'll be sorry." Is this a good example of self-disclosure or feedback?

a. Yes b. No x

"If you don't come with me to the party, I'll really be angry, and you'll be sorry." Is this a good example of self-disclosure or feedback?

a. Yes b. No x

"Jordan, would you please sit here and be quiet." Is this a good example of self-disclosure or feedback?

a. Yes b. No x

"Let me show you how to put the toy together. First, we will read the directions." Is this a good example of self-disclosure or feedback?

a. Yes b. No x

"Students, take out a sheet of paper." Is this a good example of self-disclosure or feedback?

a. Yes b. No x

"I think you're doing that just because you want attention." Is this a good example of self-disclosure or feedback?

a. Yes x b. No

"Now, if I were you, I'd work a little harder. That's what I think you ought to do". Is this a good example of self-disclosure or feedback?

a. Yes x b. No

Regarding discrepancies between you and your client, which of the following is NOT true?

a. You should never hide differences you may have with your client. x b. If you sense differences, you should support the client by listening. c. It is important to note your own or the client's discomfort with possible differences. d. If you listen carefully, most discrepancies with your client will disappear.

Your client says, "Since my mother was diagnosed with cancer, I've been really worried and concerned. She just doesn't look as well as she did before; she needs a lot more rest." Which of the following counselor responses indicates reflection of feeling?

a. Your mother has cancer and she needs more rest. b. You seem really worried and concerned about your mother. x c. Your mother looks well, but she needs more rest. d. Umm, tell me more.

Empathic confrontation is

a. a direct, harsh challenge guiding clients to face hard issues. b. a gentle skill that includes listening. x c. seeking clarification by "going against" client ideas. d. the primary skill used by counselors.

The first step in eliciting and reflecting feelings is to recognize key emotional words expressed by the client. Which of the following is NOT an emotional word?

a. angry b. excited c. joy d. considerate x

To meet the needs of a continuing variety of clients, couple your natural style with

a. awareness and knowledge of multicultural differences. b. ability to flex your skill choice as you encounter diversity among clients. c. neither of these behaviors. d. both of these behaviors. x

We grow best and become most resilient when we focus on what we __________ do.

a. can x b. should c. must d. want to

Once you have mastered the microskills, you will

a. choose one theoretical perspective from which to build your practice. b. vary the pattern of microskill usage, to practice from a variety of theoretical perspectives. x c. use microskills in the exact prescribed sequence. d. do none of these things.

Encouraging, paraphrasing, and summarizing

a. clarify for the client what he or she has said. b. help clients to talk in more detail about issues of concern. c. help the interviewer verify what he or she has heard the client say. d. include all of these choices. x

The foundation for effective interviewing and skill integration is the ability to listen to and understand the client. Which of the following skills is NOT one of the basic listening skills?

a. client observation skills b. focusing x c. reflection of feeling d. questioning

The process of discernment is

a. completely unrelated to the microskills. b. a more systematic approach to finding meaning and purpose. x c. another term to describe reflection of meaning. d. another term to describe interpretation/reframing.

There is a distinctive difference between paraphrasing and reflection of feeling. Paraphrase is solely ________ and reflection of feeling is concerned with ________.

a. content / emotion x b. emotion / content c. content / observations d. observations / emotion

Partnering with clients in a thought-provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential is most accurately referred to as __________.

a. counseling b. coaching x c. therapy d. interviewing

The basic listening sequence can be used in

a. counseling and therapy. b. business management. c. medical practice. d. all of the above x

The circle of counseling and decision making suggest that

a. counseling sessions always follow the five steps in order. b. counseling sessions do not always follow the five steps in order. x c. counseling sessions never follow the five steps in order. d. none of these occur

Clients tend to talk about or focus on topics to which the counselor or counselor give primary attention. This is known as

a. counselor focus. b. topical priorities. c. selective attention. x d. session structuring.

Research suggests that positive emotions produce patterns of thought that are

a. creative. b. integrative. c. open to new information. d. all of these x

________ can generate alternatives in a given situation and approach a problem from different perspectives, using a variety of skills and personal qualities, and adapting to suit different client needs.

a. culturally intentional individuals x b. Cultural individuals c. Individual psychotherapists d. Every interviewer

Being aware of what one is doing can interfere with coordination and smoothness. This is known in microskills training as the

a. difficulty of practice. b. samurai effect. x c. simplified model of training. d. nonverbal effect.

Which word is NOT interchangeable with all the others?

a. discrepancy b. incongruity c. conflict d. observation x e. mixed message

"My son is perfect, but he just doesn't respect me" Is an example of a

a. discrepancy between a statement and nonverbal behavior. b. discrepancy between what one says and what one does. c. discrepancy between a client and a situation. d. discrepancy in verbal statement. x

The client jiggles his or her legs nervously while eagerly talking about a forthcoming medical examination. This is an example of a

a. discrepancy between a statement and nonverbal behavior. b. discrepancy between what one says and what one does. c. discrepancy between a client and a situation. x d. discrepancy in nonverbal behaviors.

"I'm really angry right now" (said while smiling) is an example of a

a. discrepancy between a statement and nonverbal behavior. x b. discrepancy between what one says and what one does. c. discrepancy between a client and a situation. d. discrepancy in nonverbal behaviors

Relapse Prevention (RP), a common practice for many counseling interventions, was originally applied to

a. drug and alcohol abuse treatment x b. social justice issues c. anger management classes d. microaggressions

If you use an encourager correctly, you may anticipate that the client will

a. elaborate on the topic that has been encouraged. x b. accurately paraphrase what you have said back to you. c. indicate that he or she appreciates what you are doing. d. stop talking about the topic and move on to something more important

Social emotions include

a. embarrassment. b. guilt. c. pride. d. all of these. x

When the interviewer opens a session, "Let's see, last time we discussed . . .," he or she is most likely

a. encouraging. b. paraphrasing. c. summarizing. x d. restating.

Positive facial expressions, minimum verbal utterances, and head nods are effective demonstrations of

a. encouraging. x b. paraphrasing. c. summarizing. d. empathizing.

When the counselor reflects feeling, he or she can expect the client will

a. experience their emotional state more fully. b. talk in more depth about their feelings. c. correct the counselor's reflection with a more accurate descriptor. d. do all of the above x

If you use observation skills as defined in Intentional Interviewing and Counseling, you can

a. forget what you were ready to say next. b. produce movement dissynchrony. c. validate what is going on in the session. x d. change client's motivation or attitude.

In the five-stage decisional model, Stage 4, Restory, does NOT include

a. generating alternatives. b. confronting client incongruities and conflict. c. identifying the counselor role. x d. helping clients create new stories, thinking, and behavior.

Selective attention is best described in interviewing as

a. ignoring comments from clients that are not productive. b. supporting clients when they talk about positive assets. c. clients tending to talk about what counselors listen to. x d. clients selectively focusing their interests, regardless of counselor interventions.

Children tend to respond better if you communicate with them

a. in a concrete, situational language style. x b. in an abstract/formal language style. c. by sharing yourself with many "I" statements. d. by emphasizing the importance of "Other" statements.

Counseling and psychotherapy that are concerned not with which single response is correct, but with awareness that different people from varying backgrounds respond uniquely is most accurately referred to as __________ counseling.

a. individualized b. finely-targeted c. culturally intentional x d. humanistic

Redirecting attention

a. is always inappropriate. b. can help a client stop repeating a story over and over. x c. facilitates clients in talking even more about their issues. d. encourages clients to think and talk positively.

Acknowledging feelings

a. is another term for reflection of feeling. b. is not a recognized term associated with the microskills. c. is brief recognition of feeling before moving on with the client story. x d. is reflection of feeling used mainly with adult clients

In regard to stress, nutrition

a. is only for obese individuals. b. is for people who lack proper nutrients only. c. is one of the big 7 TLCs. x d. is a form of meditation.

Six primary emotions, in terms of facial expression and language, have been validated throughout the world in all cultures. These primary emotions are

a. mad, annoyed, angry, furious, embarrassed, and proud. b. sad, mad, glad, scared, disgust, and surprise. x c. happy, joyous, excited, nervous, annoyed, and ecstatic. d. surprise, disgust, caring, guilt, discouraged, and proud.

Discrepancies internal to the client include

a. mixed messages observed in nonverbal client behavior. b. incongruities between two verbal statements. c. differences between what the client says and what the client does. d. all of these. x e. none of these

When the client and the interviewer are communicating well, they "mirror" each other's body language. This is known as

a. movement harmonics. b. complementary language. c. movement synchrony. x d. contact patterns.

When the counselor repeats short statements, two or more words, exactly as used by the client, this is known as a

a. paraphrase. b. summary. c. restatement. x d. reflection.

Effective use of microskills enables you to _________ how clients will respond to your interventions.

a. prevent or process b. anticipate x c. analyze or interpret d. manipulate

Too many questions together give too much control to the interviewer and can put the client on the defensive. This is known as

a. questions as statements. b. excessive questioning. c. bombardment/grilling. x d. asset questioning.

Some interviewers may use questions to lead the client and sell their own points of view. This is known as

a. questions as statements. x b. excessive questioning. c. bombardment/grilling. d. asset questioning.

"He does this to me all the time. It never stops; it's what he does to everyone all the time." These statements are an example of

a. selective attention. b. use of key words. c. concrete/situational language. d. abstract/formal operational language. x

Which of the following correctly details the techniques of reflecting feelings?

a. sentence stem, feeling label, content summary, past tense, checkout b. feeling label, context/brief paraphrase, sentence content, past tense, checkout c. sentence stem, feeling label, context/brief paraphrase, appropriate tense, checkout x d. feeling label, context/brief paraphrase, appropriate tense, checkout, closing

Silence

a. should be avoided in counseling sessions. b. is central to working with a client you cannot understand, as it gives the client time to think and talk. c. can be frightening to the beginning helper. x d. is difficult for clients, so the counselor should be focused on filling in gaps in conversation

When it comes to appropriate interviewer body language, _____ is essential to building trust.

a. sitting straight in your chair b. skillfully executed technique c. relaxed open arms d. authenticity x

Advocacy is

a. speaking out for your clients. b. working in the school or community. c. working for social change. d. all of these choices. x e. none of these choices.

The community genogram is particularly helpful for us in understanding

a. the client. b. the family. c. the client's family contextual issues. d. the cultural/environmental/contextual issues. x e. the client's problem more full

The family genogram is particularly helpful for us in understanding

a. the client. b. the family. c. the client's family contextual issues. x d. the cultural/environmental/contextual issues. e. the client's problem more fully.

Both interviewers and clients may find themselves giving louder volume and increased vocal emphasis to certain words and short phrases; this is known as

a. verbal tracking. b. vocal tone. c. verbal underlining. x d. vocal quality.

Which of the following focuses is NOT an attending skill?

a. visual/eye contact b. vocal quality c. verbal tracking d. emotional intelligence x

Individuals do not make meaning by themselves; they make meaning

a. with the aid of a skilled counselor or counselor. b. in spite of their multitude of problems and issues. c. with the aid of their significant other. d. in a broader multicultural context. x

In working with children, it helps if

a. you build trust and rapport first. b. you avoid leading questions. c. you use concrete language. d. you do all of these. x