Psychiatric/Mental Health Exam 3

The nurse is differentiating between symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder. Which of the following are true? [Select All That Apply] 1. Purging is characteristic of Bulimia Nervosa but not Binge Eating Disorder. 2. Purging is absent in Bulimia Nervosa but present in Binge Eating Disorder. 3. Binging is characteristic of both Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder. 4. Binging is absent in Bulimia Nervosa but present in Binge Eating Disorder. 5. Russell's Sign is characteristic of both disorders

1. Purging is characteristic of Bulimia Nervosa but not Binge Eating Disorder. 3. Binging is characteristic of both Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder.

As the sole survivor of a roadside bombing, a veteran is experiencing extreme guilt. Which nursing diagnosis would address this client's symptom? 1. Anxiety 2. Altered thought processes 3. Complicated grieving 4. Altered sensory perception

2. Altered thought processes

feeling that a person is observing one's own personality or body from a distance.____________________________

Depersonalization

A nurse is caring for a client who has derealization disorder. which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of derealization? a. the client describes a feeling of floating above the ground b. the client has suspicions of being targeted in order to be killed and robbed c. the client states that the furniture in the room seems to be small and far away d. the client cannot recall anything that happened during the past 2 weeks.

c. the client states that the furniture in the room seems to be small and far away

Which statement by the nurse indicates a correct understanding of psychopharmacology for somatic disorders? 1. "Somatization disorders with depression can be treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors." 2. "Anxiety associated with these disorders can be treated long term with benzodiazepines." 3. "Functional neurological symptom disorder can be treated with IV administration of antidepressants." 4. "First-line treatment for depersonalization-derealization disorder is antianxiety agents."

1. "Somatization disorders with depression can be treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors."

Which statement indicates a nurse has a correct understanding about how eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) achieves its therapeutic effect? 1. "The exact biological mechanism is unknown." 2. "It causes an increase in imagery vividness." 3. "This therapy decreases memory access." 4. "EMDR disrupts the fear associated with trauma."

1. "The exact biological mechanism is unknown."

A client lost his job 3 months ago and is no longer able to afford his housing. He experiences profound hopelessness as he begins sleeping on friends' couches and on the streets. The nurse recognizes that he is at greatest risk for developing which of the following disorders? 1. Adjustment Disorder 2. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 3. Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) 4. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

1. Adjustment Disorder

Which nursing diagnosis is the priority when providing nursing care to a client diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder? 1. Risk for violence: directed toward others R/T suspicious thinking 2. Risk for suicide R/T altered thought 3. Altered sensory perception R/T increased levels of anxiety 4. Social isolation R/T inability to relate to others

1. Risk for violence: directed toward others R/T suspicious thinking

Which approach should the nurse use to maintain a therapeutic relationship with a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD)? 1. Being firm, consistent, and empathic while addressing specific client behaviors 2. Promoting client self-expression by implementing laissez-faire leadership 3. Using authoritative leadership to help clients learn to conform to society norms 4. Overlooking inappropriate behaviors to avoid providing secondary gains

1. Being firm, consistent, and empathic while addressing specific client behaviors

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa. The nurse notices scarring on the back of the client's hand from self-inflicted purging. The nurse recognizes this as: 1. Russell's sign 2. Lanugo 3. Amenorrhea 4. Emaciation

1. Russell's sign

The client diagnosed with an adjustment disorder says, "Tell me about medications that will cure this problem." Which responses by the nurse are appropriate? (Select all that apply.) 1. "Medications can interfere with your ability to find a more permanent solution." 2. "Medications may mask the real problem at the root of this diagnosis." 3. "Adjustment disorders are not commonly treated with medications." 4. "Psychoactive drugs carry the potential for physiological and psychological dependence." 5. "Psychoactive drugs will be prescribed only if your problems persist for more than 3 months."

1. "Medications can interfere with your ability to find a more permanent solution." 2. "Medications may mask the real problem at the root of this diagnosis." 3. "Adjustment disorders are not commonly treated with medications." 4. "Psychoactive drugs carry the potential for physiological and psychological dependence."

Which nursing intervention is appropriate when caring for a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder? 1. Seclude the client when inappropriate behaviors are exhibited. 2. Rotate staff members who work with the client. 3. Teach about antianxiety medications to improve medication compliance. 4. Offer sympathy when client engages in self-mutilation.

2. Rotate staff members who work with the client.

After a teaching session about grief, a client says to the nurse, "I seem to be stuck in the bargaining stage of grieving over the loss of my daughter." In which phase of the nursing process would this occur, and how would the nurse interpret this statement? 1. Assessment phase; nursing actions have been successful in achieving accurate data. 2. Evaluation phase; nursing actions have been successful in achieving the objectives of care. 3. Implementation phase; nursing actions have been successful in achieving the objectives of care. 4. Diagnosis phase; nursing actions have been successful in achieving accurate data.

2. Evaluation phase; nursing actions have been successful in achieving the objectives of care.

The nurse discovers the client purposefully inserted a contaminated catheter into the urethra, leading to a urinary tract infection. The nurse recognizes this behavior as characteristic of which mental disorder? 1. Illness anxiety disorder 2. Factitious disorder 3. Functional neurological symptom disorder 4. Depersonalization-derealization disorder

2. Factitious disorder

The client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder brings up a conflict with the staff in a community meeting and develops a following of clients who unreasonably demand modification of unit rules. How can the nursing staff best handle this situation? 1. Allow the clients to apply the autocratic process when developing unit rules. 2. Maintain consistency of care and open communication to avoid staff manipulation. 3. Allow the client spokesman to verbalize concerns during a unit staff meeting. 4. Maintain unit order by the application of punitive leadership.

2. Maintain consistency of care and open communication to avoid staff manipulation.

The nurse is caring for a client with anorexia nervosa. The nurse would expect which of the following medications might be used in treatment? (Select all that apply.) 1. Naltrexone or another opioid agonist 2. Naloxone or another opioid antagonist 3. Fluoxetine or another selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) 4. Propranolol or another antihypertensive 5. Adderall or another amphetamine

2. Naloxone or another opioid antagonist 3. Fluoxetine or another selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

Which client is most likely to be admitted to an inpatient facility for self-destructive behaviors? 1. One with antisocial personality disorder 2. One with borderline personality disorder 3. One with schizoid personality disorder 4. One with paranoid personality disorder

2. One with borderline personality disorder

The client presents at an outpatient clinic appointment and states, "My dead husband returned to me during a séance." Which personality disorder should the nurse associate with this behavior? 1. Obsessive-compulsive 2. Schizotypal 3. Narcissistic 4. Borderline

2. Schizotypal

. Parents ask the nurse why their daughter was diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other survivors of the terrorist attack were not. Which information should the nurse offer? (Select all that apply.) 1. An individual's stated religious affiliation can affect response to trauma. 2. Responses are affected by how an individual handled previous trauma. 3. Protectiveness of family and friends can help an individual deal with trauma. 4. Control over the possibility of recurrence can affect the response to trauma. 5. The duration of how long the trauma lasted can affect the individual's response.

2. Responses are affected by how an individual handled previous trauma. 3. Protectiveness of family and friends can help an individual deal with trauma. 4. Control over the possibility of recurrence can affect the response to trauma. 5. The duration of how long the trauma lasted can affect the individual's response.

The client diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) asks, "Why did my health-care provider prescribe an antidepressant rather than an antianxiety drug for me?" Which explanations should the nurse make? (Select all that apply.) 1. "I'm not sure, because antianxiety drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for PTSD." 2. "Antidepressants are now considered first-line treatment choice for PTSD." 3. "Many people experience side effects to antianxiety drugs." 4. "Because of their addictive properties, antianxiety drugs are less desirable." 5. "That is strange because antipsychotics have provided the best results for treatment of PTSD."

2. "Antidepressants are now considered first-line treatment choice for PTSD." 4. "Because of their addictive properties, antianxiety drugs are less desirable." 5. "That is strange because antipsychotics have provided the best results for treatment of PTSD."

The family of a teenager diagnosed with anorexia nervosa becomes defensive when the treatment team calls for a family meeting to implement the Maudsley approach. Which is the appropriate nursing response? 1. "Tell me why this family meeting is causing you to be defensive. All clients are required to participate in two family sessions." 2. "For the plan to be successful, we need your involvement. The parents establish the rules and guidelines around eating." 3. "While the client is the primary focus, this meeting will provide your child with family support." 4. "Clients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are part of the family system, and any alteration in family processes needs to be addressed."

2. "For the plan to be successful, we need your involvement. The parents establish the rules and guidelines around eating."

The nurse is describing the Transactional Model of Stress and Adaptation. When using this model, which factor would the nurse categorize as intrapersonal? 1. Occupational opportunities 2. Economic conditions 3. Degree of flexibility 4. Availability of social supports

3. Degree of flexibility

The client diagnosed with bulimia nervosa has been attending an outpatient mental health clinic for several months. Which factor should a nurse identify as an appropriate indicator of a positive client behavioral change? 1. Gained 2 pounds in 1 week 2. Focused conversations on nutritious food 3. Demonstrated healthy coping mechanisms that decreased anxiety 4. Verbalized an understanding of the etiology of the disorder

3. Demonstrated healthy coping mechanisms that decreased anxiety

The nurse is composing a treatment plan for a client with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The nurse recognizes that which of the following therapies has proven most effective as a first-line treatment for clients diagnosed with BPD? 1. Mood-stabilizing agents 2. Exposure therapy 3. Dialectical behavioral therapy 4. Antipsychotics

3. Dialectical behavioral therapy

The client is newly diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID) stemming from severe childhood sexual abuse. Which nursing intervention takes priority? 1. Encourage exploration of sexual abuse. 2. Suggest guided imagery. 3. Establish trust and rapport. 4. Administer antianxiety medications.

3. Establish trust and rapport.

. Looking at a slightly bleeding paper cut, the client screams, "Somebody help me quick! I'm bleeding. Call 911!" The nurse should identify this behavior as characteristic of which personality disorder? 1. Schizoid 2. Obsessive-compulsive 3. Histrionic 4. Paranoid

3. Histrionic

The nurse is differentiating between a diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Which of the following is correct? 1. In ASD, the client only experiences distress in the presence of the stressful stimulus. 2. In PTSD, clients do not develop symptoms until 6 months or more following the trauma. 3. In PTSD, the symptoms have lasted longer than 1 month. 4. ASD is not marked by exposure to a traumatic experience.

3. In PTSD, the symptoms have lasted longer than 1 month.

At 11:30 p.m., the client diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder demands to phone a lawyer to file for a divorce. Unit rules state that no phone calls are permitted after 10 p.m. Which nursing response is most appropriate? 1. "Go ahead and use the phone. I know this pending divorce is stressful." 2. "You know better than to break the rules. I'm surprised at you." 3. "It is after the 10 p.m. phone curfew. You will be able to call tomorrow." 4. "A divorce shouldn't be considered until you have had a good night's sleep."

3. "It is after the 10 p.m. phone curfew. You will be able to call tomorrow."

The nursing instructor is explaining the etiology of trauma-related disorders from a learning theory perspective. Which student statement indicates teaching has been effective? 1. "How clients perceive events and view the world affects their response to trauma." 2. "Psychic numbing in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a result of naumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a result of negative reinforcement." 3. "The individual becomes addicted to the trauma owing to an endogenous opioid response." 4. "Believing that the world is meaningful and controllable can protect an individual from PTSD."

3. "The individual becomes addicted to the trauma owing to an endogenous opioid response."

Which action would the nurse take to provide trauma-informed care to a homeless client who is combative? 1. Place the client in seclusion 2. Apply soft wrist restraints 3. Allow the client some control 4. Encourage dependent behavior

3. Allow the client some control

The nurse is caring for a teenage client with anorexia nervosa. Which statement by the client supports the psychodynamic theory of eating disorder etiology? 1. "My twin sister and I both suffer from eating disorders." 2. "Fashion models in magazines have BMI of 17 so why can't I?" 3. "My parents have always expected me to perform perfectly in school." 4. "Eating is the one thing that I actually have any control over in my life."

4. "Eating is the one thing that I actually have any control over in my life."

During an interview, which client statement should alert the nurse to a potential diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder? 1. "I don't have a problem. My family is inflexible, and my relatives are out to get me." 2. "I am so excited about working with you. Have you noticed my new nail polish, 'Ruby Red Roses'?" 3. "I spend all my time tending my bees. I know a whole lot of information about bees." 4. "I am getting a message from the beyond that we have been involved with each other in a previous life."

4. "I am getting a message from the beyond that we have been involved with each other in a previous life."

The diagnosis of ______________________includes episodes of binge eating with the absence of compensatory purging

Binge Eating Disorder

Which outcome would the nurse add to the plan of care for an inpatient client diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder (SSD)? 1. The client will admit to fabricating physical symptoms to gain benefits by day 3. 2. The client will list three potential adaptive coping strategies to deal with stress by day 2. 3. The client will identify the connection between function loss and severe stress by day 3. 4. The client will maintain a sense of reality during stressful situations by day 4.

2. The client will list three potential adaptive coping strategies to deal with stress by day 2.

The client has been extremely anxious ever since relocating to another state because of a job transfer. When assessing for the diagnosis of adjustment disorder, within what time frame should the nurse expect the client to exhibit symptoms? 1. Within 1 year of the move 2. Within 3 months of the move 3. Within 6 months of the move 4. Within 9 months of the move

2. Within 3 months of the move

Exposure to traumatic events cause anxiety, detachment, and other manifestations about the event for longer than 1 month following the event. manifestations can last for years__________________________

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD]

The nurse is admitting a client who has been diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Which symptoms might the nurse observe upon assessment? (Select all that apply.) 1. Feelings of guilt that precipitate social isolation 2. Aggressive behavior that affects job performance 3. Relationship problems 4. High levels of anxiety 5. Escalating symptoms lasting less than 1 month

1. Feelings of guilt that precipitate social isolation 2. Aggressive behavior that affects job performance 3. Relationship problems 4. High levels of anxiety

Which clinical findings would the nurse expect for a client diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder? (Select all that apply.) 1. Immediate family history of schizophrenia 2. Psychosis 3. Manipulative behavior 4. Bizarre speech pattern 5. Comorbid major depressive disorder

1. Immediate family history of schizophrenia 4. Bizarre speech pattern 5. Comorbid major depressive disorder

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with binge eating disorder (BED). Which medication should the nurse administer to the client to decrease binging? 1. Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) 2. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) 3. Haloperidol (Haldol) 4. Diazepam (Valium)

1. Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)

The client diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has a nursing diagnosis of post-trauma syndrome R/T surviving a workplace shooting. Which nursing intervention would the nurse add to this client's plan of care? 1. Monitor for substance use 2. Alternate staff members 3. Use a firm approach 4. Offer social skill training

1. Monitor for substance use

Which nursing diagnosis is priority when providing nursing care to a client diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder? 1. Risk for violence: directed toward others R/T suspicious thinking 2. Risk for suicide R/T altered thought 3. Altered sensory perception R/T increased levels of anxiety 4. Social isolation R/T fear of rejection

4. Social isolation R/T fear of rejection

A nurse working on an acute mental health unit is caring for a client who has posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]. which of the following findings should the nurse expect? [ select all that apply]. a. difficulty concentrating on tasks b. obsessive need to talk about the traumatic event c. negative self-image d. recurring nightmares e. diminishing reflexes

a. difficulty concentrating on tasks c. negative self-image d. recurring nightmares

______________________________________________personality disorder is characterized by an overly disciplined and perfectionistic nature in which the individual is inflexible and preoccupied by rules

obsessive - Compulsive Disorder

According to Peplau, the nurse who provides an abandoned child with parental guidance and praise following small accomplishments is serving which therapeutic role? 1. Technical expert 2. Resource person 3. Surrogate 4. Leader

3. Surrogate

A client presents to the emergency department reporting an experience called "brain fag" in which the client experiences difficulty concentrating and memory fatigue. The nurse knows that "brain fag" is a syndrome associated with which culture? 1. Taiwanese 2. West African 3. Eskimo 4. Korean

3. Eskimo

____________________________culture maintains the belief that people should take responsibility for themselves and do what they want to do independent of the opinions of family and community.

Individualistic

The nurse is working with a client diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder (SSD). Which distinguishing criterion is present in SSD but absent in illness anxiety disorder (IAD)? 1. Experiences significant physical symptoms 2. Has a change in the quality of self-awareness 3. Has a perceived disturbance in body image or appearance 4. Experiences anxiety about acquiring an illness

1. Experiences significant physical symptoms

An 11-year-old child wins the science fair competition and is chosen as a cheerleader for the football team. The nurse should recognize that this child is in the process of successfully accomplishing which stage of Erikson's developmental theory? 1. Industry versus inferiority 2. Identity versus role confusion 3. Intimacy versus isolation 4. Initiative versus guilt

1. Industry versus inferiority

The client presents to an urgent care describing ataque de nervios (attack of nerves). The nurse knows that this client is describing a symptom experience that is associated with which culture? 1. Latino 2. Taiwanese 3. West African 4. Japanese

1. Latino

The nurse is using an interpreter for a client with an anxiety disorder who does not speak the nurse's language. Which technique should the nurse use? 1. Maintain eye contact with the client. 2. Involve a family member for sensitive subjects. 3. Talk separately with the interpreter at length. 4. Use medical terms throughout the conversation.

1. Maintain eye contact with the client.

When planning care for clients diagnosed with personality disorders, which treatment goal is appropriate? 1. To stabilize the client's pathology by using the correct combination of psychotropic medications 2. To change the characteristics of the dysfunctional personality 3. To reduce personality trait inflexibility that interferes with functioning and relationships 4. To decrease the prevalence of neurotransmitters at receptor sites

3. To reduce personality trait inflexibility that interferes with functioning and relationships

Which information will help the nurse differentiate the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from the diagnosis of adjustment disorder? 1. PTSD results from exposure to an extreme traumatic event, whereas adjustment disorder results from exposure to "normal" daily events. 2. Adjustment disorder is more common in women, whereas PTSD is more common in men. 3. Adjustment disorder can occur from severe motor vehicle accidents, while PTSD can occur from the birth of a stillborn. 4. PTSD occurs more often when compared to adjustment disorder.

1. PTSD results from exposure to an extreme traumatic event, whereas adjustment disorder results from exposure to "normal" daily events.

When describing the concept of personality to a nursing student, the nurse includes which of the following statements? (Select all that apply.) 1. Personality is the emotional and behavioral characteristics particular to a specific person. 2. Personality remains somewhat stable and predictable over time. 3. Personality and mood are terms that are used interchangeably. 4. Personality develops in a nonlinear and disorganized fashion. 5. Personality traits are thought to develop early in life.

1. Personality is the emotional and behavioral characteristics particular to a specific person. 2. Personality remains somewhat stable and predictable over time. 5. Personality traits are thought to develop early in life.

Which of the following is the most commonly used treatment for clients with adjustment disorder and its appropriate rationale? 1. Psychotherapy; to examine the stressor and confront unresolved issues 2. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; to stabilize mood and resolve symptoms 3. Eye movement desensitization therapy; to reprocess traumatic events 4. Antianxiety agents; a first-line treatment to address symptoms of anxiety

1. Psychotherapy; to examine the stressor and confront unresolved issues

Which primary factor should a nurse associate with interpersonal theory when assessing a client? 1. Social processes on personality development 2. Unconscious processes and personality structures 3. Thoughts and perceptual processes 4. Chemical and genetic influences

1. Social processes on personality development

The nurse is teaching students about key terms in cultural concepts of nursing. Which statement by a student indicates that further teaching is necessary? 1. "Ethnicity is a biological term describing a group of people who share similar inherited physical characteristics." 2. "Culture describes a particular society's entire way of living, encompassing shared patterns of beliefs that guide conduct." 3. "Assimilation is the process by which people of different cultures incorporate practices and values of the majority culture." 4. "Assuming that all individuals who share a culture will exhibit identical behaviors is called stereotyping and should be avoided."

1. "Ethnicity is a biological term describing a group of people who share similar inherited physical characteristics."

The nurse is teaching about the differences between the symptoms of anorexia nervosa and the symptoms of bulimia. Which information should the nurse include? 1. Clients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa experience extreme nutritional deficits, whereas clients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa do not. 2. Clients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa experience amenorrhea, whereas clients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa do not. 3. Clients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa experience hypotension, edema, and lanugo, whereas clients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa do not. 4. Clients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa have eroded tooth enamel, whereas clients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa do not.

1. Clients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa experience extreme nutritional deficits, whereas clients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa do not.

Family members of a client ask the nurse to explain the difference between schizoid and avoidant personality disorders. Which nursing response is appropriate? 1. Clients diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder desire intimacy but fear it, and clients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder prefer to be alone. 2. Clients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder exhibit delusions and hallucinations, while clients diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder do not. 3. Clients diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder are eccentric, and clients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder are dull and vacant. 4. Clients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder have a history of psychosis, while clients diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder remain based in reality

1. Clients diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder desire intimacy but fear it, and clients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder prefer to be alone.

Neurological tests have ruled out pathology in a client's sudden lower-extremity paralysis. Which action would the nurse take? 1. Deal with physical symptoms in a detached manner. 2. Challenge the validity of physical symptoms. 3. Meet dependency needs until the physical limitations subside. 4. Encourage a discussion of feelings about the lower-extremity problem

1. Deal with physical symptoms in a detached manner.

. A client is experiencing refractory dissociative amnesia. The client's mother asks, "Is there anything that can be done to resolve the episode?" Which response by the nurse is best? (Select all that apply.) 1. Dissociative amnesia usually resolves spontaneously. 2. Hypnosis sometimes can be used to resolve dissociative amnesia. 3. Pharmacological agents such as sodium amobarbital can be used to facilitate hypnosis. 4. There are no known treatments to resolve dissociative amnesia. 5. An antipsychotic will be introduced.

1. Dissociative amnesia usually resolves spontaneously. 2. Hypnosis sometimes can be used to resolve dissociative amnesia. 3. Pharmacological agents such as sodium amobarbital can be used to facilitate hypnosis.

Which statements represent positive outcomes for clients diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder? (Select all that apply.) 1. The client will relate one empathetic statement to another client in group by day 4. 2. The client will identify one personal limitation by day 2. 3. The client will acknowledge one strength that another client possesses by day 3. 4. The client will list four personal strengths by day 3. 5. The client will discuss two lifetime achievements by discharge

1. The client will relate one empathetic statement to another client in group by day 4. 2. The client will identify one personal limitation by day 2. 3. The client will acknowledge one strength that another client possesses by day 3.

The nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with bulimia nervosa about the symptom of tooth enamel deterioration. Which explanation for this complication of bulimia nervosa should the nurse provide? 1. The emesis is acidic and corrodes the tooth enamel. 2. Purging causes the depletion of dietary calcium. 3. Food is rapidly ingested without proper mastication. 4. Poor dental and oral hygiene leads to dental caries.

1. The emesis is acidic and corrodes the tooth enamel.

During couple's therapy, the female client reports that her husband only satisfies his sexual needs and never hers. Which personality structure should the nurse identify as predominantly driving the husband's actions? 1. The id 2. The cathexis 3. The ego 4. The superego

1. The id

Based on the research with Vietnam veterans, which factors are the best predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)? (Select all that apply.) 1. The severity of the stressor 2. The degree of ego strength 3. The degree of psychosocial isolation in the recovery environment 4. The attitudes of society regarding the experience 5. The presence of preexisting psychopathology

1. The severity of the stressor 3. The degree of psychosocial isolation in the recovery environment

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. Which factors should the nurse consider when planning this client's care? (Select all that apply.) 1. This client has personality traits that are deeply ingrained and difficult to modify. 2. This client needs medication to treat the underlying physiological pathology. 3. This client uses manipulation, making the implementation of treatment problematic. 4. This client wants instant gratification, which hinders compliance with a plan of care. 5. This client is likely to have secondary diagnoses of substance abuse and depression.

1. This client has personality traits that are deeply ingrained and difficult to modify. 3. This client uses manipulation, making the implementation of treatment problematic. 4. This client wants instant gratification, which hinders compliance with a plan of care. 5. This client is likely to have secondary diagnoses of substance abuse and depression.

The nurse is working to combat health disparities. The nurse recognizes that individuals from racial and ethnic minority populations with serious mental illness are more likely to experience all of the following, except: 1. Use of psychiatric emergency services rather than community support 2. Involuntary hospitalizations 3. Treatment for major depressive disorder 4. Overdiagnosis of schizophrenia

1. Use of psychiatric emergency services rather than community support

Which finding would alert the nurse that a client is exhibiting selective amnesia? 1. Cannot relate any lifetime memories. 2. Can describe driving to Iowa but cannot remember the car accident that occurred. 3. Can explain abstract concepts. 4. Cannot provide personal demographic information during admission assessment

2. Can describe driving to Iowa but cannot remember the car accident that occurred.

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who is quarrelsome when gratification is delayed. According to Sullivan's interpersonal theory, the nurse should associate the client's behaviors with a previous deficit in which stage of development? 1. Infancy 2. Childhood 3. Early adolescence 4. Late adolescence

2. Childhood

A client is found living on the streets after having traveled away from their country of origin. The client is unable to recall details about their past. Which diagnosis best fits this client? 1. Dissociative Identity Disorder 2. Dissociative Fugue 3. Derealization Disorder 4. Localized Amnesia

2. Dissociative Fugue

A nurse is working with a client for a few weeks. The client has already formed an impression of the nurse. The client responds to the nurse by participating in a relationship with the nurse. According to Peplau, what phase of the nurse-client relationship does this represent? 1. Orientation phase 2. Identification phase 3. Exploitation or working phase 4. Resolution phase

2. Identification phase

The nurse observes a 3-year-old child willingly sharing a stuffed animal with a sibling. According to Peplau, which psychological stage of development should the nurse determine that this child has completed? 1. Learning to count on others 2. Learning to delay satisfaction 3. Identifying oneself 4. Developing skills in participation

2. Learning to delay satisfaction

When interviewing a client of a different culture, which parameters should the nurse consider? (Select all that apply.) 1. Insurability 2. Space 3. Biological variations 4. Time 5. Communication

2. Space 3. Biological variations 4. Time 5. Communication

When planning care for a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, which self-harm behavior should a nurse expect the client to exhibit? 1. Highly lethal methods to commit suicide 2. Suicidal gestures to elicit a rescue response from others 3. Isolation and starvation as suicidal methods 4. Self-mutilation from decreased endorphins in the body

2. Suicidal gestures to elicit a rescue response from others

A client diagnosed with functional neurological symptom disorder appears to be having a seizure. Which of the following would a nurse expect to observe in this client? (Select all that apply.) 1. The client's medical record indicates a history of doctor shopping. 2. The client is indifferent to their serious symptoms. 3. The client's electroencephalogram shows seizure activity. 4. The client's eyes are closed and resist opening during seizure. 5. The client avoids hospitals.

2. The client is indifferent to their serious symptoms. 4. The client's eyes are closed and resist opening during seizure.

A male 7-month-old cries and screams every time his mother leaves and will not tolerate anyone else changing his diaper. According to Mahler's developmental theory, the nurse should determine this child's development was arrested at which phase? 1. The autistic phase 2. The symbiotic phase 3. The separation-individuation phase 4. The rapprochement phase

2. The symbiotic phase

Which statement should a nurse associate with predominance of the superego? 1. "No one is looking, so I will take three cigarettes from Mom's pack." 2. "I don't ever cheat on tests; it is wrong." 3. "If I skip school, I will get into trouble and fail my test." 4. "A little bit of vodka makes me feel good."

2. "I don't ever cheat on tests; it is wrong."

The client diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder spits, curses, and refuses to answer questions during the assessment interview. Which response would the nurse make? 1. "You are very disrespectful. You need to learn to control yourself." 2. "I understand that you are angry, but this behavior will not be tolerated." 3. "What behaviors could you modify to improve this situation?" 4. "Which antipersonality disorder medications have helped you in the past?"

2. "I understand that you are angry, but this behavior will not be tolerated."

The nurse is teaching staff about clients diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder and the quality of their relationships. Which statement made by a staff member indicates learning has occurred? 1. "Their dramatic style tends to make their interpersonal relationships interesting and fulfilling." 2. "Their interpersonal relationships tend to be shallow and fleeting, serving their dependency needs." 3. "They tend to develop few relationships because they are strongly independent but generally maintain deep affection." 4. "They pay particular attention to details, which can interfere with the development of relationships."

2. "Their interpersonal relationships tend to be shallow and fleeting, serving their dependency needs."

The client receiving eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy says, "After only three sessions, I am feeling great. Now I can stop and get on with my life." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? 1. "I am thrilled that you have responded so rapidly to EMDR." 2. "To achieve lasting results, all eight phases of EMDR must be completed." 3. "If I were you, I would complete the EMDR and comply with the health-care provider's orders." 4. "How do you feel about continuing the therapy?"

2. "To achieve lasting results, all eight phases of EMDR must be completed."

A client reports feeling like objects in the environment are altered in size and shape and reports a sense of detachment from the environment. The client's father asks, "What is wrong with my son?" Which response(s) by the nurse are correct? (Select all that apply.) 1. "Your son is exhibiting symptoms of depersonalization." 2. "Your son's perceptual experience accompanies many different psychiatric illnesses." 3. "Your son's perceptual disturbance is uncommon." 4. "Your son's perceptual experience may be causing him anxiety." 5. "Your son is exhibiting symptoms of derealization."

2. "Your son's perceptual experience accompanies many different psychiatric illnesses." 4. "Your son's perceptual experience may be causing him anxiety." 5. "Your son is exhibiting symptoms of derealization."

A nurse is caring for a client with adjustment disorder who states, "I am so hopeless. I have no energy anymore. My life cannot continue in this way. I should just kill myself." Based on this statement, which category of adjustment disorder is most appropriate for this client? 1. Adjustment Disorder with Anxiety 2. Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood 3. Adjustment Disorder with Disturbance of Conduct 4. Adjustment Disorder Unspecified

2. Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood

The nurse is assessing a client's use of space. Which of the following questions helps the nurse to assess for space? 1. By what name do you prefer to be called? 2. Are you comfortable? 3. Who decides when it is time to visit a health-care provider? 4. What time do you usually eat your meals?

2. Are you comfortable?

A 1-month-old infant is left alone for extended periods, has little physical stimulation, and is malnourished. Based on this infant's situation, in which phase of development, according to Mahler's theory, should a nurse expect to see a potential deficit? 1. Symbiotic 2. Autistic 3. Consolidation 4. Rapprochement

2. Autistic

A 6-year-old boy uses his father's flashlight to explore his 3-year-old sister's genitalia. In which stage of psychosexual development would a nurse identify this behavior as normal? 1. Oral 2. Anal 3. Phallic 4. Latency

3. Phallic

The nurse is considering the effects a prescribed psychiatric medication may have on a dark-skinned client. Which characteristic is the nurse evaluating? 1. Culture 2. Ethnicity 3. Race 4. Assimilation

3. Race

The nurse is caring for a client with post-traumatic stress disorder who is of a different culture. Which action should the nurse take to promote environmental control for this client? 1. give time options when appropriate 2. Teach good nutrition habits, incorporating the client's preferences 3. Support the client in participating in cultural and spiritual rituals 4. Observe for the use of touch among family members.

3. Support the client in participating in cultural and spiritual rituals

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which realistic goal should be included in this client's plan of care? 1. The client will have no flashbacks. 2. The client will be able to feel a full range of emotions by discharge. 3. The client will not require medication to obtain adequate sleep by discharge. 4. The client will refrain from discussing the traumatic event.

3. The client will not require medication to obtain adequate sleep by discharge.

The client's altered body image is evidenced by claims of "being obese," even though the client is emaciated. Which outcome criterion is appropriate for this client's problem? 1. The client will consume adequate calories to sustain normal weight. 2. The client will cease strenuous exercise programs. 3. The client will verbally state a misperception of body image as "fat." 4. The client will not express a preoccupation with food.

3. The client will verbally state a misperception of body image as "fat."

The female client has flashbacks of sexual abuse by her uncle. She did not have these memories until recently, when she became sexually active with her boyfriend. The nurse should identify this experience as which part of Sullivan's concept of the self-system? 1. The Oedipus complex 2. The bad me 3. The not me 4. The Electra complex

3. The not me

The client diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder becomes aggressive on the unit. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate? 1. Provide objective evidence that reasons for violence are unwarranted. 2. Initially restrain the client to maintain safety. 3. Use clear, calm statements with a confident physical stance. 4. Empathize with the client's paranoid perceptions.

3. Use clear, calm statements with a confident physical stance.

The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder (SSD). Which findings would the nurse expect to observe? 1. Presence of multiple personalities, depersonalization, derealization, and "gaps" in memory 2. Aphonia, la belle indifference, paralysis with no physical reason, and possible hallucinations 3. Anxious, seeing several health-care providers simultaneously, overmedicates, and vague symptoms 4. Pretends to be ill, aggravates existing symptoms, inflicts self-injury, and has many hospitalizations

3. Anxious, seeing several health-care providers simultaneously, overmedicates, and vague symptoms

Which reaction to a compliment from a staff member should the nurse identify as a typical response from a client diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder? 1. Interpreting the compliment as a secret code used to increase personal power 2. Feeling the compliment was well deserved 3. Being grateful for the compliment but fearing later rejection and humiliation 4. Wondering what deep meaning and purpose is attached to the compliment

3. Being grateful for the compliment but fearing later rejection and humiliation

Which factor differentiates a client diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder from a client diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder? 1. Clients diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder are treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, whereas clients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder need medications. 2. Clients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder experience anxiety only in social settings, whereas clients diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder experience generalized anxiety. 3. Clients diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder experience social anxiety from paranoid fears, whereas clients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder would isolate themselves on a continual basis. 4. Clients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder have magical thinking and depersonalization, whereas clients diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder do not.

3. Clients diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder experience social anxiety from paranoid fears, whereas clients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder would isolate themselves on a continual basis.

A nurse is providing culturally competent care based on Bennett's Model of Intercultural Sensitivity. Which nursing behavior indicates integration? 1. Accepts clients of different cultures 2. Develops a desire to be informed about different cultures 3. Easily incorporates a variety of cultural viewpoints into care 4. Demonstrates empathy for cultural differences

3. Easily incorporates a variety of cultural viewpoints into care

The mother of a 6-year-old demeans and curses her child for disobedience. In turn, when upset, the child uses swear words at school. According to Peplau, the school nurse recognizes this behavior as unsuccessful completion of which stage of development? 1. Learning to count on others 2. Learning to delay satisfaction 3. Identifying oneself 4. Developing skills in participation

3. Identifying oneself

Which of the following cultural syndromes is associated with clients raised in Japanese culture? 1. Arctic hysteria culminating in seizures 2. Fear of excessive semen loss 3. Intense anxiety about possibly offending others 4. Appetite disturbances in which the soul is thought to leave the body

3. Intense anxiety about possibly offending others

A jilted college student is admitted to a mental health unit following a suicide attempt and states, "No one will ever love a loser like me." According to Erikson's theory of personality development, a nurse should recognize that this client has a deficit in which developmental stage? 1. Trust versus mistrust 2. Initiative versus guilt 3. Intimacy versus isolation 4. Ego integrity versus despair

3. Intimacy versus isolation

A married, 27-year-old male works as a mail carrier. He and his spouse have just had their first child. The nurse should recognize that this client is successfully accomplishing which stage of psychosocial development? 1. Industry versus inferiority 2. Identity versus role confusion 3. Intimacy versus isolation 4. Generativity versus stagnation

3. Intimacy versus isolation

Which historical perspective would the nurse include when teaching about the home environment and the development of anorexia nervosa? 1. Maintains loose personal boundaries 2. Places an overemphasis on food 3. Is overprotective with emphasis on perfection 4. Condones corporal punishment

3. Is overprotective with emphasis on perfection

The client diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID) switches personalities when confronted by the nurse about inappropriate actions. The nurse recognizes that this dissociation serves which function? 1. It is a means to attain secondary gain. 2. It is a means to explore feelings of excessive and inappropriate guilt. 3. It serves to isolate painful events so the person's awareness and anxiety are decreased. 4. It serves to establish personality boundaries and limit inappropriate impulses.

3. It serves to isolate painful events so the person's awareness and anxiety are decreased.

Which physically healthy adult client should a nurse identify as exhibiting the characteristics of a dependent personality disorder? 1. Meets social needs by contact with 15 cats 2. Has a history of depending on intense relationships to meet basic needs 3. Lives with parents and relies totally on public transportation 4. Is serious, inflexible, and lacks spontaneity

3. Lives with parents and relies totally on public transportation

The nursing instructor is teaching about the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., Text Revision; DSM-5-TR) diagnostic criteria for depersonalization-derealization disorder. Which student statement indicates a need for follow-up instruction? 1. "Clients with this disorder can experience emotional and/or physical numbing and a distorted sense of time." 2. "Clients with this disorder can experience unreality or detachment with respect to their surroundings." 3. "During the course of this disorder, individuals or objects are experienced as dreamlike, foggy, lifeless, or visually distorted." 4. "During the course of this disorder, the client is out of touch with reality and is impaired in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning."

4. "During the course of this disorder, the client is out of touch with reality and is impaired in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning."

A client tells the nurse, "I feel like I am traumatized by hearing details about my daughter's rape." Which response by the nurse is correct? 1. "Trauma or 'shell shock' is a clinical experience reserved for those who have experienced war or natural disaster." 2. "While I recognize that you empathize with your daughter, it is not possible for her experience to cause trauma for you." 3. "If you had witnessed the rape, it may have caused you trauma. But you cannot be traumatized just from hearing about it." 4. "It is possible to develop a trauma response from hearing aversive details about a traumatic event that happened to someone else."

4. "It is possible to develop a trauma response from hearing aversive details about a traumatic event that happened to someone else."

The nurse is teaching about trauma- and stressor-related disorders. Which statement by one of the staff members indicates that follow-up instruction is needed? 1. "The trauma that women experience is more likely to be sexual assault and child sexual abuse." 2. "The trauma that men experience is more likely to be accidents, physical assaults, combat, or viewing death or injury." 3. "After exposure to a traumatic event, less than 10% of victims develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)." 4. "Research shows that PTSD is more common in men than in women."

4. "Research shows that PTSD is more common in men than in women."

The nurse is teaching about the etiology of illness anxiety disorder (IAD) from a psychodynamic perspective. Which statement by a staff member about clients diagnosed with this disorder indicates that learning has occurred? 1. "When there is a familial predisposition to this disorder, they may develop this disorder." 2. "When the sick role relieves them from stressful situations, their physical symptoms are reinforced." 3. "They misinterpret and cognitively distort their physical symptoms." 4. "They express personal worthlessness through physical symptoms, because physical problems are more acceptable than psychological problems."

4. "They express personal worthlessness through physical symptoms, because physical problems are more acceptable than psychological problems."

Which question should the nurse ask to determine social and family organization for a client? 1. "What do you do to keep well?" 2. "How do you and your family express grief?" 3. "Are there any routines you need to follow?" 4. "Who makes the decisions in your household?"

4. "Who makes the decisions in your household?"

The nurse tells a client diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder that the nursing staff will start alternating weekend shifts. Which response should the nurse expect from this client? 1. "You really don't have to go by that schedule. I'd just stay home sick." 2. "There has got to be a hidden agenda behind this schedule change." 3. "Who do you think you are? I expect to interact with the same nurse every Saturday." 4. "You can't make these kinds of changes! Isn't there a rule that governs this decision?"

4. "You can't make these kinds of changes! Isn't there a rule that governs this decision?"

The adolescent diagnosed with a history of anorexia nervosa comes to an outpatient clinic after being medically cleared. The client states, "Since going back to school, I am nervous, get apprehensive, and have a hard time eating food." Which nursing diagnosis would take priority at this time? 1. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements 2. Disturbed body image/Low self-esteem 3. Impaired verbal communication 4. Anxiety

4. Anxiety

The nurse is teaching a client about the eight-phase process of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In which order should the nurse list the phases, starting with the early phases and ending with the last (1 to 4)? (Enter the number of the phases in the proper sequence, using comma and space format, such as 1, 2, 3, 4.) 1. Installation 2. Body scan 3. Reevaluation 4. Desensitization

4. Desensitization 1. Installation 2. Body scan 3. Reevaluation

The physically healthy, 35-year-old, single, male client lives with his parents, who provide total financial support. According to Erikson's theory, which developmental task should a nurse assist the client to accomplish? 1. Establishing the ability to control emotional reactions 2. Establishing a strong sense of self and character structure 3. Establishing and maintaining self-esteem 4. Establishing a career, personal relationships, and societal connections

4. Establishing a career, personal relationships, and societal connections

A nurse is teaching students about the etiology of borderline personality disorder (BPD). A student asks, "Why is it called Borderline?" Which response by the nurse is best? 1. "The first person known to have the disorder was named Borderline." 2. Historically, the term borderline points to the consideration that a client with BPD is on the border between being healthy and being sick. 3. "The diagnosis was discovered by a physician named Dr. Borderline." 4. Historically, the term borderline points to the classification of clients who were on the border between categories of psychosis and neuroses.

4. Historically, the term borderline points to the classification of clients who were on the border between categories of psychosis and neuroses.

Which are examples of primary and secondary gains that a client diagnosed with SSD: predominately pain, may experience? 1. Primary: chooses to seek a new health-care provider; Secondary: euphoric feeling from new medications. 2. Primary: euphoric feeling from new medications; Secondary: chooses to seek a new health-care provider 3. Primary: receives get-well cards; Secondary: pain prevents attending stressful family reunion 4. Primary: pain prevents attending stressful family reunion; Secondary: receives get-well cards

4. Primary: pain prevents attending stressful family reunion; Secondary: receives get-well cards

Which nursing diagnosis should a nurse identify as appropriate when working with a client diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder? 1. Altered thought processes R/T increased stress 2. Risk for suicide R/T loneliness 3. Risk for violence: directed toward others R/T paranoid thinking 4. Social isolation R/T inability to relate to others

4. Social isolation R/T inability to relate to others

A 22-year-old client and a 62-year-old client were involved in motor vehicle accidents and are both experiencing extreme anxiety. From a psychosocial theory perspective, which client would be predisposed to the diagnosis of adjustment disorder? 1. The 62-year-old, because of memory deficits 2. The 62-year-old, because of uncomplicated bereavement 3. The 22-year-old, because of decreased cognitive processing 4. The 22-year-old, because of lack of developmental maturity

4. The 22-year-old, because of lack of developmental maturity

Which client response would reflect the impulsive self-destructive behavior that is commonly associated with borderline personality disorder when the day-shift nurse leaves the unit? 1. The client suddenly leans on the nurse's arm and whispers, "The night nurse is evil. You have to stay." 2. The client suddenly hugs the nurse's arm and states, "I will be up all night if you don't stay with me." 3. The client suddenly grabs the nurse's arm, yelling, "Please don't go! I can't sleep without you being here." 4. The client suddenly shows the nurse a bloody arm and states, "I cut myself because you are leaving me."

4. The client suddenly shows the nurse a bloody arm and states, "I cut myself because you are leaving me."

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). What is the primary goal of therapy for this client? 1. To recover memories while improving thinking patterns 2. To prevent social isolation 3. To decrease anxiety and need for secondary gain 4. To collaborate among subpersonalities to improve functioning

4. To collaborate among subpersonalities to improve functioning

_____________________________is a term used to describe when groups give up their traditional cultural practices as a result of contact with another group.

Acculturation

Exposure to traumatic events causes anxiety, detachment and other manifestations about the event for at least 3 days but for not more than 1 month following the event___________________________

Acute Stress Disorder [ ASD]

A stressor triggers a reaction causing changes in mood and/or dysfunction in performing usual activities. The stressor and effects are less severe than with ASD or PTSD.

Adjustment Disorder

The diagnosis of ____________________________nervosa includes the symptoms of gross distortion of body image, preoccupation with food, and refusal to eat.

Anorexia

____________________________________is characterized by a pattern of socially irresponsible, exploitative, and guiltless behavior that reflects a general disregard for the rights of others.

Antisocial

A nurse is involved in a serious and prolonged mass casualty incident in the emergency department. Which of the following strategies should the nurse use to help prevent developing a trauma-related disorder? (Select all that apply) A. Avoid thinking about the incident when it is over B. Take breaks during the incident for food and water C. Debrief with others following the incident D. Hold emotions in check in the days following the incident E. Take advantage of offered counseling

B. Take breaks during the incident for food and water C. Debrief with others following the incident E. Take advantage of offered counseling

The diagnosis of _________________________________includes an episodic, uncontrolled, compulsive, rapid ingestion of large quantities of food over a short period followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to rid the body of the excess calories.

Bulimia Nervosa

____________________________describes a particular society's entire way of living, encompassing belief, feeling, and knowledge that guide people's conduct and are passed down from generation to generation.

Culture

A nurse is collecting an admission history for a client who has acute stress disorder (ASD). Which of the following information should the nurse expect to collect? A. The client remembers many details about the traumatic incident B. The client expresses heightened elation about what is happening C. The client states he first noticed manifestations of the disorder 6 weeks after the traumatic incident occurred. D. The client expresses a sense of unreality about the traumatic event

D. The client expresses a sense of unreality about the traumatic event

A nurse in an acute mental health facility is planning care for a client who has dissociative fugue. Which of the following interventions should the nurse add to the plan of care? A. Teach the client to recognize how stress brings on a personality change in the client B. Repeatedly present the client with information about past events C. Make decisions for the client regarding routine daily activities D. Work with the client on grounding techniques

D. Work with the client on grounding techniques

the feeling that outside events are unreal or part of a dream, or that objects appear larger or smaller than they should

Derealization

inability to recall personal information related to traumatic or stressful events____________________________________

Dissociative Disorders

___________________________________personality disorder is characterized by peculiarities in thinking, behavior, and appearance.

Schizotypal

Historically, __________________________ were identified as hysterical neuroses, which referred to the condition of emotional excitability that affected psychological, sensory, vasomotor, and visceral functions.

Somatic Symptoms Disorders

The term________________________________ refers to the inborn personality characteristics that influence an individual's manner of reacting to the environment and ultimately their developmental progression.

Temperament

An extremely distressing experience that causes severe emotional shock and may have long-lasting psychological effects is called___________________

Trauma

______________________________personality disorder is characterized by extreme sensitivity to rejection and consequently a very socially withdrawn life.

avoidant