Psychological Disorders (Chapter 12- Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders)

Which of the following involves "chasing losses," a worsening financial situation, and sometimes even lying and crime? a. a learning disorder b. gambling disorder c. kleptomania d. a substance-induced disorder

b.

Opiates produce stupor and pain relief and depress the ____ nervous system. a. peripheral b. central c. somatic d. parasympathetic

b.

The ____ effect is the tendency of an abstainer to relapse completely after a minor transgression. a. abstinence promotion b. abstinence violation c. resilience violation d. compliance violation

b.

The diagnostic reliability for substance use disorder was ____ in both phases of the DSM-III field trials. a. 0.67-0.74 b. 0.80 or above c. 0.32-0.51 d. below 0.26

b.

The leading cause of preventable birth defects is ____. a. Korsakoff's syndrome b. fetal alcohol syndrome c. meth use d. inhalant use

b.

What percentage of veterans who began using narcotics in Vietnam resumed their use within 6 months of their release from federal hospitals? a. less than 20% b. less than 10% c. around 50% d. more than 35%

b.

Nearly ____ of Americans have ingested a cannabinoid at some point. a. one-fourth b. one-third c. one-half d. two-thirds

b.

T/F "Chasing losses" is a distinguishing characteristic between social gamblers and pathological ones.

False

T/F All substances that can lead to dependence cause intoxication.

False

T/F Although there is a DSM-5 cannabis intoxication disorder, there is not a DSM-5 cannabis withdrawal disorder.

False

T/F Either tolerance or withdrawal is required for the DSM-5 diagnosis of a substance use disorder.

False

T/F Pavlovian conditioning has been discounted as having a significant influence on substance tolerance and craving.

False

During the past year, more than 80% of adults consumed ____, which is widely used cross-culturally. a. marijuana b. caffeine c. alcohol d. none of the above

b.

T/F Generally, all psychoactive drugs have their effects via the dopamine pathway.

True

T/F Nicotine dependence is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States.

True

T/F Research supports the idea that people with moderate alcohol problems can learn to control drinking at social levels.

True

T/F The DSM-5 abandoned the distinction between substance dependence and substance abuse that was fundamental in the DSM-.

True

A recent behavioral intervention for cocaine abusers has shown promising results using which technique? a. "vouchers" for consecutive clean urine samples b. nausea-producing drugs paired with cocaine c. motivational interviewing to encourage controlled use d. covert sensitization

a.

A(n) ____ drug is a chemical that acts on the same receptors and, in effect, substitutes for the drug. a. agonist b. antagonist c. preagonist d. protangonist

a.

All of the following are countries in which alcohol consumption per person is nearly zero, EXCEPT ____. a. Uganda b. Saudi Arabia c. Somalia d. Bangladesh

a.

All of the following are symptoms of impaired control according to DSM-5 general diagnostic criteria, EXCEPT ____. a. failing to fulfill major obligations due to substance use b. using a substance in larger amounts than intended c. having cravings for a substance d. the use of a substance over a longer period of time than intended

a.

Behavior that is controlled by the verbal description of a contingency (instead of the reality of the contingency) is called ____ behavior. a. rule-governed b. operant c. variable-ratio d. respondent

a.

Drug addiction is caused by ____, according to the moral failure model. a. a weak character b. one's personality c. interacting biological and psychological factors d. genetically transmitted predisposing factors

a.

In order, Jellenek's four stages of alcoholism are ____, ____, ____, and ____. a. prealcoholic; prodromal; crucial; chronic b. prealcoholic; crucial; chronic; prodromal c. prealcoholic; crucial; prodromal; chronic d. prealcoholic; chronic; crucial; prodromal

a.

In the past, what percentage of individuals with delirium tremens died (due to heart failure, convulsions, or other complications)? a. 0.1 b. 0.225 c. 0.025 d. 0.05

a.

Rapidly developing dependence, euphoric effects, and a short half-life are characteristics of which of the following? a. cocaine b. caffeine c. alcohol d. cannabis

a.

Tobacco ____ and tobacco ____ are the only substance-induced disorders associated with nicotine. a. withdrawal; induced sleep disorder b. intoxication; induced sexual dysfunction c. induce anxiety; withdrawal disorder d. withdrawal; intoxication disorder

a.

When familial, vocational, social, recreational, and "incentive voucher" reinforcers are used to motivate individuals to reduce substance consumption, this is known as ____. a. the community reinforcement model b. the relapse prevention approach c. the motivational interviewing technique d. the 12-step paradigm

a.

Which is linked to the highest number of deaths? a. nicotine b. alcohol c. suicide d. methamphetamine

a.

Which of the following is associated with a decreased likelihood of treatment seeking, compared to other substance use disorders? a. cannabis use disorder b. alcohol use disorder c. cocaine use disorder d. methamphetamine use disorder

a.

Which of the following is most true of alcohol consumption in relation to crime, according to the APA? a. alcohol is involved in more than half of murders, and up to 55% of fatal car accidents b. alcohol is involved in more than a third of murders, and up to 25% of fatal car accidents c. alcohol is involved in almost a quarter of murders, and close to 80% of fatal car crashes d. alcohol is involved in more than a third of all murders, and 35% of fatal car crashes

a.

Which of the following occur in confabulation? a. gaps in memory are filled with imaginary happenings b. gross tremors of the arms and legs develop c. auditory and tactile hallucinations and paranoia can occur d. the person becomes disoriented in place and time

a.

Which of the following refers to cognitive, behavioral, and psychological changes due to the cessation or reduction of specific substance use after a period of prolonged use? a. withdrawal b. dependence c. tolerance d. intoxication

a.

Which of the following refers to the need to ingest increasing amounts of a substance in order for it to have the desired effect? a. tolerance b. psychological need c. abuse d. addiction

a.

According to the CDC, which of the following accounts for 442,000 deaths annually? a. alcohol abuse b. tobacco use c. opiate use d. caffeine abuse

b.

Alcoholics Anonymous was formed by two looking to overcome their alcoholism in ____. a. 1911 b. 1935 c. 1955 d. 1975

b.

All of the following have been identified by the DSM-5 as induced disorders associated with stimulants, EXCEPT ____. a. stimulant-induced psychotic disorder b. stimulant persisting perception disorder c. stimulant intoxication delirium d. stimulant-induced sexual dysfunction

b.

Chemicals that can act as a substitute for other substances at receptor sites are called ____. a. antagonists b. agonists c. anxiolytics d. antigens

b.

Which of the following is most true of abstinence from alcohol? a. globally, both genders are equally likely to abstain from alcohol b. globally, women are more likely to abstain from alcohol c. globally, neither gender is likely to abstain from alcohol d. globally, men are more likely to abstain from alcohol

b.

Which of the following is true of the DSM-5? a. the distinction between substance tolerance and substance abuse was dropped b. the distinction between substance dependence and substance abuse was dropped c. the distinction between substance abuse and substance addiction was dropped d. the distinction between substance dependence and substance tolerance was dropped

b.

Which of the following refers to reversible changes in behavior or cognition, due to the physiological effect of a recently ingested substance on the central nervous system? a. dependence b. intoxication c. withdrawal d. tolerance

b.

____ is relatively effective in the treatment of heroin dependence. It is also an opiate agonist. a. disulfiram b. methadone c. naltrexone d. acamprosate

b.

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which of the following has a similar set of pharmacological and behavioral processes that determine addiction to heroin or cocaine? a. alcohol b. prescription pain killers c. tobacco d. caffeine

c.

All of the following are symptoms of social impairment according to DSM-5 general diagnostic criteria, EXCEPT ____. a. failing to fulfill major obligations due to substance use b. giving up important activities due to substance use c. developing a tolerance (diminished substance effect from the same dosage) d. continuing to use a substance in spite of the social or interpersonal problems that result

c.

Depressants are drugs that ____ the ____ and ____. a. depress; peripheral nervous system; relieve anxiety b. act upon; CNS; reduce GABA production c. depress; CNS; produce drowsiness and sedation d. act upon; HPA axis; reduce dopamine production

c.

During the cessation of alcohol consumption, a specifier of ____ is given if there is an onset of the symptoms of delirium according to the DSM-5. a. alcohol persisting delirium b. alcohol stupefaction c. alcohol withdrawal delirium d. alcohol induced psychotic episode

c.

Hallucinogen ____ refers to the re-experiencing of some symptoms of hallucinogen intoxication, without having recently consumed a hallucinogen. a. intoxication delirium b. induced psychotic disorder c. persisting perceptual disorder d. intoxication with no precipitating factors

c.

In a taste preference task with alcoholics, Marlatt et al. (1973) found that those who ____ drinking alcohol and who were ____ drank more of the offered drinks. a. were not told if they were; actually given alcohol b. were not told if they were; not given alcohol c. believed they were; not given alcohol d. believed they were; actually given alcohol

c.

In the DSM-5, the term "____" is NOT used when diagnosing a substance related disorder. a. intoxication b. substance use c. addiction d. substance-induced

c.

On which of the following has research regarding the rewarding properties of drugs focused? a. norepinephrine b. GABA c. dopamine d. serotonin

c.

Stimulating drugs generally induce which of the following? a. depressive disorders b. personality disorders c. psychotic disorders d. anxiety disorders

c.

Substance use becomes conditioned in all of the following ways, EXCEPT ____, according to behavioral theory. a. conditioned reinforcers maintaining the behaviors leading up to drug ingestion b. discriminative stimuli setting the occasion for use c. unconditioned responses being acquired for drug expectation in novel situations d. conditioned stimuli eliciting a craving

c.

Throughout the centuries, ____ has been used effectively as an analgesic. a. cannabis b. alcohol c. opium d. PCP

c.

Tolerance is stronger, and withdrawal symptoms are more evident, in which of the follow people? a. those who receive the drug at random intervals b. those who passively receive the drug c. those who self-administer the drug d. those who receive the drug in novel settings

c.

When a pattern of substance use is modified by using set rules of reinforcement (providing external incentives for change), this is known as ____. a. motivational interviewing b. the 12-step program c. contingency management d. CBT

c.

Which of the following involves the re-experiencing of some of the symptoms of hallucinogen intoxication, in the absence of recent ingestion, in episodes that can last several months. a. hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder b. hallucinogen withdrawal c. hallucinogen persisting perception disorder d. hallucinogen intoxication delirium

c.

____ initially found their way into approved medical use as the active ingredients in nasal decongestant inhalers. a. hallucinogens b. inhalants c. amphetamines d. opioids

c.

____ involves a defect in remembering recent events. About 1% of chronic alcoholics are affected by it. a. confabulation b. psychotrophism c. Korsakoff's syndrome d. Delirium tremens

c.

____ is a need for increasing amounts of a substance in order to have the desired effect. a. addiction b. withdrawal c. tolerance d. psychological need

c.

A specifier of ____ denotes that the substance use disorder is not evident because the substance is not currently available. a. in sustained remission b. due to outside influences c. in early remission d. in a controlled environment

d.

All of the following are standard drink sizes, EXCEPT the amount of alcohol in ____ oz. of ____. a. 4; wine b. 1.5; 80 proof liquor c. 12; beer d. 3; liquer

d.

All of the following can serve as conditioned stimuli, eliciting compensatory homeostatic responses in anticipation of drug use, EXCEPT ____. a. the act of administering the drug b. the setting in which the drug has habitually been used c. the accompanying interoceptive stimuli associated with the drug's entry into the body d. the binding of the drug at receptor sites within the synaptic cleft

d.

Food intake, body weight, gender, and the amount and rate of alcohol consumption are all involved in determining ____. a. alcohol toxicity b. level of impairment c. legal intoxication d. blood alcohol concentration

d.

How many symptoms must be present to warrant a diagnosis of alcohol abuse disorder, according to the DSM-5? a. one b. five c. four d. two

d.

How severe is alcohol use disorder in cases where 2-3 symptoms are present? a. moderately severe b. severe c. life-threatening d. mildly severe

d.

Jerry failed his breathalyzer test as his blood alcohol concentration level was over the legal intoxication level of ____. a. 0.80g/100mL b. 0.10g/100mL c. 0.01g/100mL d. 0.08g/100mL

d.

Much of the research on the biological and genetic foundations of substance dependence and abuse has focused on ____. a. opioids b. alcohol c. cocaine d. nicotine

d.

Rats who received a larger than usual dose of heroin in the same setting as previous injections had a ____ mortality rate than rats ____, in a study by Seigal. a. higher; who received the same dose in a new setting b. lower; who received lower dose in a new setting c. higher; who received a placebo injection d. lower; who received the same dose in a new setting

d.

Religious belief and group therapy combine in ____, an approach to substance abuse therapy. a. contingency management b. controlled social drinking c. motivational interviewing d. Alcoholics Anonymous

d.

The "pleasure pathway" is another name for the ____ pathway. a. mesocorticolimbic serotonin b. mesocorticolimbic norepinephrine c. mesocorticolimbic GABA d. mesocorticolimbic dopamine

d.

The number of criteria required for a diagnoses of gambling disorder ____ in the DSM-5. a. is limited to symptoms of disruption and damage to vocational, social, and personal functioning b. was intentionally patterned after the substance use disorders c. was increased from two to five d. is four of nine possible indications of maladaptive play

d.

Wakefulness, alertness, euphoria, and increased concentration are all effects of ____. a. hallucinogens b. alcohol c. inhalants d. stimulants

d.

What percentage of 13-year-olds have used an inhalant at least once, according to the APA? a. 0.015 b. 0.03 c. 0.07 d. 0.1

d.

What percentage of strongly dependent individuals experience delirium tremens during alcohol withdrawal? a. no more than 5% b. more than 15% c. close to 25% d. less than 10%

d.

Which of the following classes of drugs contains substances with a wide range of chemical and pharmacologic properties? a. the inhalants b. the anxiolytics c. the opioids d. the hallucinogens

d.

Which of the following is most true of women with gambling disorder? a. they usually have adolescent onset, and gamble for escape b. they usually have adult onset, and gamble for excitement c. they usually have adolescent onset, and gamble for excitement d. they usually have adult onset, and gamble for escape

d.

Which of the following is true when relapse rate curves are compared? a. smokers relapse at a higher rate than all others b. alcoholics relapse at a higher rate than all others c. opioid users relapse at a higher rate than all others d. relapse rates are quite similar across addictions

d.

Withdrawal is least likely for drugs in the ____ class. a. amphetamine b. opioid c. cocaine d. hallucinogen

d.

____ substances present more of a risk of dependence than ____ ones. Which of the following is true for dependence risk? a. Generally, there is a higher risk for dependence with synthetic substances than botanical ones b. Generally, there is a higher risk for dependence with botanical substances than synthetic ones c. Generally, there is a higher risk for dependence with slower-acting substances than faster-acting ones d. Generally, there is a higher risk for dependence with faster-acting substances than slower-acting ones

d.