Psychological Sciences - Unit 17

What waves are seen when an individual is awake and active?

Beta

Sleep Disorder: Sleep Apnea Description: ?

Disorder characterized by pauses in breathing that last at least ten seconds during sleep

Sleep Disorder: Somnambulism Description: ?

Disorder where the person leaves the bed and moves around while still asleep

Sleep Disorder: Sleep Terrors Description: ?

Disorder where the sufferer cannot wake from sleep even though he or she is trying to

What does the activation-synthesis theory propose about dreaming?

Dreams are our brain's interpretation of the random firing of neurons in our brainstem.

What answer best fits the following definition: "The idea that consciousness (and thus the mind) exists in the brain, not separate from it, and arises from the activity of the many neural connections in the brain"?

Monism

NREM (non-REM) Sleep

One of two stages of sleep (the other being REM); NREM is divided into three stages: N1, N2, and N3

Consciousness

Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

Insomnia

Persistent difficulty falling or staying asleep

Sleep Disorder: Insomnia Description: ?

Persistent difficulty falling or staying asleep

REM sleep accounts for about ______% of our total sleep time.

20-25

Narcolepsy

A disorder characterized by extreme daytime sleepiness with frequent episodes of nodding off

Term: Phobias Definition: ?

A persistent fear of an object or situation which will result in marked distress if the fear is realized

Sleep Apnea

A sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing that last at least 10 seconds during sleep

What waves are seen when an individual is sitting relaxed with his or her eyes closed?

Alpha

Term: 'Freudian Slips' Definition: ?

An error in speech, memory, or physical action that was interpreted as occurring due to some unconscious, subdued wish, conflict, or train of thought

Controlled Behaviors - conscious or unconscious?

Conscious

Explicit Memory - conscious or unconscious?

Conscious

Monism

Consciousness and the mind are biologically based and exist within the brain

What waves are seen when an individual is in the deepest level of sleep?

Delta

Sleep Disorder: Narcolepsy Description: ?

Disorder characterized by extreme daytime sleepiness with frequent episodes of "nodding off"

What answer best fits the following definition: "a type of memory that aids in the performance of a task without conscious awareness of these previous experiences"?

Implicit Memory

Do we need more or less sleep as we age?

Less

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during which dreaming occurs. REM sleep typically occupies 20-25% of total sleep time.

Biological Rhythms

Regularly occurring cycles of behavior

Activation-Synthesis Theory

Theory of dreaming that proposes that dreams are our brain's interpretation of the random firing of neurons in the brain stem

Hypnosis

Therapeutic technique employed by some clinicians to facilitate increased suggestibility and dissociated experiences

Term: Psychological Repression Definition: ?

The exclusion of a thought, desire, or memory from one's conscious awareness

Wish Fulfillment

The idea that dreaming allows us to act out the desires that we must repress during the day

Dualism

The mind (or soul) and the body are separate entities

Dreams

The succession of images, thoughts, sounds, and emotions that passes through our minds while we sleep

Brain Wave Type: Beta Waves Description: ?

This fast wave occurs when we are awake and alert.

Brain Wave Type: Delta Waves Description: ?

This wave appears as we move from stage N1 sleep to stage N2 sleep.

Brain Wave Type: Theta Waves Description: ?

This wave appears when we are asleep as we move into stage N1 sleep.

Brain Wave Type: Alpha Waves Description: ?

This wave appears when we begin to fall asleep or when we relax with our eyes closed.

Brain Wave Type: Fast and Random Waves Description: ?

This wave occurs during REM sleep.

Autonomic Behaviors - conscious or unconscious?

Unconscious

Implicit Memory - conscious or unconscious?

Unconscious

Term: Denial Definition: ?

Unconsciously rejecting information that an one finds too uncomfortable to accept

Slow-wave sleep typically occurs during the ___ stage of the sleep cycle.

beginning

Which of the following best characterizes slow-wave sleep? a) Deep sleep, no dreaming, low muscle tone b) Deep sleep, dreaming, low muscle tone c) Deep sleep, no dreaming, high muscle tone d) Deep sleep, dreaming, high muscle tone

c

What did Sigmund Freud believe about dreams? a) They can be analyzed in order to understand unconscious needs and desires. b) They can be analyzed in order to reveal something important about the dreamer's present circumstances or predicting his or her future. c) The primary function of dreams is wish fulfillment (the idea that dreaming allows us to act out the desires that we must repress during the day). d) Both that they can be analyzed in order to understand unconscious needs and desires and that the primary function of dreams is wish fulfillment (the idea that dreaming allows us to act out the desires that we must repress during the day). e) All of the above

d

Which of the following best characterizes REM sleep? a) Fast eye movements, deep sleep, high muscle tone b) Fast eye movements, deep sleep, low muscle tone c) Fast eye movements, dreaming, high muscle tone d) Fast eye movements, dreaming, low muscle tone

d

Slow-wave sleep is a sleep stage characterized by ___ sleep, ___ , and ___ muscle tone.

deep; not dreaming; high

The French philosopher René Descartes was a proponent of ___, the idea that the mind, a nonmaterial entity, is separate from (although connected to) the physical body.

dualism

Typically, REM cycles are concentrated toward the ___ of a night of sleep.

end

Which of the following is true about REM sleep? a) It occurs early in the night b) It occurs later in the night c) It accounts for about 90-95% of our total sleep time d) It accounts for about 20-25% of our total sleep time e) Both that it occurs early in the night and accounts for about 90-95% of our total sleep time f) Both that it occurs later in the night and accounts for about 20-25% of our total sleep time

f

In contrast to the dualists, psychologists subscribe to ___ and believe that consciousness (and thus the mind) exists in the brain and is not separate from it. In fact, psychologists believe that consciousness is the result of the activity of the many neural connections in the brain and that we experience different states of consciousness depending on what our brain is currently doing.

monism

REM sleep is part of the sleep cycle, and so it occurs ___ during the night.

multiple times

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a sleep stage characterized by ___ eye movements, ___, and ___ muscle tone.

quick, fast; dreaming; low