Psychology 1101 Chapter 5

If you watch a flock of birds flying overhead, each very close to the next one, you may perceive them as all being part of the same group. If they were all spaced very much apart, however, you may see them as individual birds not flying together. This distinction takes advantage of which Gestalt principle? proximity closure contiguity figure-ground

proximity

Which perceptual system allows Nancy to run without watching her feet and hit a baseball without focusing on her hands? gustation proprioception somatosensation thermoception

proprioception

Vinnie is standing on one leg with his arms in the air. The ________ sense helps keep him balanced so he has less chance of falling over. nociception proprioception somatosensation vestibular

vestibular

Ravon is deaf. He was born without the ability to hear, and has never experienced an auditory stimulus. When people write using "sound" type words like "loud," "soft," and "quiet," he sometimes has difficulty understanding what they are trying to convey. Ravon has ________ deafness. conductive congenital sensorineural acoustic

congenital

Light waves are first transmitted through the ________ at the front of the eye and enter an opening called the ________ before shining onto the retina. cornea; pupil sclera; lens lens; sclera pupil; cornea

cornea; pupil

As you are talking to a friend on your cell phone, you might find that you can't hear them because they are speaking very softly. If you ask them to "speak up," from a physical perspective you are asking them to ________ of the sound waves they are producing. increase the frequency increase the amplitude decrease the frequency decrease the amplitude

increase the amplitude

Felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer while building a doghouse. The sense of ________ provides her brain with information about the pain she feels. kinesthesia nociception preconception thermoception

nociception

When considering the wavelength of a radio wave - like the kind you hear when listening to music as you drive along - you would be correct to think that the size is this wave is about as long as an atom's nucleus. an atom. a honeybee. a building.

a building.

When a child works on a "connect the dots" puzzle, she can often see the completed work before she has finished all of the dots. Once there is enough visual information present, she's able to perceive the completed picture even though it is still incomplete. Which Gestalt principle does this demonstrate? good continuation closure proximity contiguity

closure

Some neurons can only generate action potentials up to a certain speed, and no faster. This fact is a limitation of the ________ theory of pitch perception. opponent-process place temporal volley

temporal

The auditory cortex, in which sound stimuli are processed for perception, is located in the ________ lobe. frontal parietal occipital temporal

temporal

________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives, and is a distance cue that allows us to perceive the depth of a given visual stimulus. Binocular Opponent monocular Trichromatic

Binocular

Imagine yourself in a dark classroom reading PowerPoint slides. If an audience member were to check the internet using her cell phone and causing her screen to light up, chances are that many people would notice the change in illumination in the classroom. However, if the same thing happened in a brightly lit classroom during a discussion, very few people would notice. The cell phone brightness does not change, but its ability to be detected as a change in illumination varies dramatically between the two contexts. This is an example of ________. Merkel's theory the law of thermoception the principle of transduction Weber's law

Weber's law

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater? cones fovea iris rods

rods

When you watch the teacher at the front of the room, you are easily able to distinguish her from the white board (or chalk board) behind her. This demonstrates the Gestalt principle of ________. binocular disparity similarity good continuationa figure-ground relationship

figure-ground relationship

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge and expectancies? bottom-up inside-out outside-in top-down

top-down

Ronaldo was born without the ability to experience pain, though he can perceive temperature differences and changes in pressure. What is his condition called? congenital analgesia inherited numbness Korsakoff's disease Pacinian syndrome

congenital analgesia

Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red cross passed across the screen, about one third of the subjects did not notice it. This research protocol demonstrates which concept? bottom-up processing inattentional blindness sensory adaptation top-down processing

inattentional blindness

Two lines appear to be a different length, though in reality they are the same length. This is known as the ________ illusion. Meissner Ménière Merkel Müller-Lyer

Müller-Lyer

What does the place theory of pitch perception suggest? Different amplitudes of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different waves. Receptors on different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies. Different portions of the ear are sensitive to sounds of different decibels. Receptors on different sections of the malleus, incus, and stapes are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies.

Receptors on different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies.

Why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses? Neither one has sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe. Because they are unrelated to biological senses. They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe. We cannot use these senses without the presence of specific chemicals in the body.

They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.

Sarit is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman named Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Sarit's friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Sarit says he doesn't know, even though he is sitting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the role that ________ plays in what is sensed versus what is perceived. attention friendship habit mood

attention

Catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, Nick. Despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his location when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from the all the other voices. This illustrates ________ theory. absolute threshold just noticeable difference Weber's signal detection

signal detection

Nikki was walking around a department store shopping one day, and did not realize that the shirt she was wearing looked just like the shirts worn by employees. When a stranger asked, "do you work here," she thought it was funny. The other customers' assumption that Nikki was a store employee demonstrates the Gestalt principle of _______. proximity closure continuity similarity

similarity

Which of these is not one of the structures that comprises the outer ear? the basilar membrane the pinna the auditory canal the eardrum

the basilar membrane