psychology 2000 final exam

generalized anxiety disorder

A disorder in which excessive anxiety and worry occur on more days than not for at least six months is called _________.

The professor is an authority figure

A few minutes after class starts, your professor tells everybody to stand up, put their arms in the air, and eventually gets everybody to do the moves of the dance the "Hokey Pokey". Most students followed the professor's instructions. What factor resulted in student following such bizarre instructions?

"Do Not Underestimate the Power of Perceived Authority"

A social psychologist has been invited to give a community lecture on the importance of Milgram's research. He asks a social psychology class for suggested titles. Which of the following titles might they suggest as the most appropriate?

groupthink

An example of ________ is when a group of people unanimously decide on eating at The Chimes despite some members of the group really wanting Canes.

obsession

As Carol and Ken are leaving for a trip, Carol repeatedly asks Ken, "Did we turn off the coffee pot?" For their entire trip, Carol worries about the coffee pot. Carol's doubt about turning off the coffee pot is a(n) ________.

exposure therapy/systematic desensitization

Burt has claustrophobia. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What kind of therapy is this?

congnitive dissonance

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.

humanistic therapy

Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using?

Biomedical

Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Dr. Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with

causes

Etiology is another word for ________.

specific phobias

Excessive fear of snakes, thunderstorms, darkness, and water are classified as _________.

dissociative fugue

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.

an imbalance of the body's four humor

Hippocrates believed that mental illness was due to

through trying to help the patient reduce irrational thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes

How might a psychologist who practices cognitive therapy try to help a patient who suffers from a major depressive disorder?

the guards became more aggressive

In Zimbardo's prison study, male undergrads agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. After the prisoners staged a revolt, the researchers found that

possessed by demons

In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________.

patient says whatever comes to mind at the moment

In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ...

34-year-old Marlene, who has flat affect and lack of motivation.

Individuals with schizophrenia exhibiting primarily negative symptoms generally have a worse prognosis. Which of the following patients with schizophrenia is least likely to have a favorable treatment outcome?

depression

Medications meant to increase the availability of serotonin in the brain, such as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are most commonly used to treat which disorder?

discrimination

Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever a non-White person wants assistance. This is an example of ________.

a diathesis-stress model

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died- this is an example of

biological

Perspective that suggests that psychological disorders result from processes

borderline personality disorder

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. She has

an anticonvulsant

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are typically treated with what type of medication?

a selective focus on one negative aspect of a situation, leaving out other relevant facts

Selective thinking, which is a cognitive distortion addressed by cognitive therapy, is defined as

realistic conflict theory

Stephanie is a social psychologist investigating theories of prejudice. She is particularly interested in the development of prejudice that arises from competition over resources. What theory of prejudice is Stephanie most likely investigating?

diffusion of responsibility

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

false

T/F: action therapy focuses on mental processes, thoughts, and past experiences

an altruistic act has absolutely no benefit for the person who did it whereas a prosocial behavior may benefit the person who acted in this way

The difference between a prosocial behavior and altruistic act is

the fundamental attribution error

The tendency for people observing someone else's actions to overestimate the influence of that person's internal characteristics on behavior and underestimate the influence of the situation is called

insight therapies

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions are referred to as

prosocial behavior

Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries is an example of what behavior

No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another.

What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques?

client's present and future

What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy

helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

What is the goal of humanistic therapy?

cognitive-behavior therapy

Which approach assumes that disorders come from illogical, irrational cognitions, and that changing the thinking patterns to more rational, logical ones will relieve the symptoms of the disorder?

frontal lobe

Which brain region is implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

one confederate gave a correct response

Which factor significantly decreased the likelihood of conformity in Solomon Asch's studies?

systematic desensitization

Which method of treating phobias involves progressive relaxation and exposure to the feared object?

cognitive

Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thinking?

serotonin and norepinephrine

Which neurotransmitters are implicated in depression?

Children who are different from others are more likely to be bullied

Which of the following makes it more likely that a child will be bullied?

You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time

Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?

central route

Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness?

door-in-the-face

While at dinner at your parents you tell them that your car is making strange noises and ask them if they would buy you a new one. They immediately say "No." After a few minutes you ask them, whether they would be able to help you pay for the repairs, and they willingly agree, not realizing that you, precocious as you are, have taken a social psychology class and just used the _____________ technique to get what you wanted.

Carl Rogers

Who developed client-centered therapy?

Dorothea Dix

Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States?

It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem

a benefit of group therapy is...

central route persuasion

an anti-smoking advertisement uses charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking related causes each year is an example of

What is the just-world hypothesis?

an ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

social facilitation

being a skilled athlete and running faster when there is an audience is an example of...

diminished interest in daily activities

characteristic of major depressive disorder

process of closing large asylums

deinstitutionalization refers to the...

asch effect

effect that focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individuals judgement

foot-in-the-door

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes then asking them to quit all together is an example of

client says whatever comes to mind at the moment

in the free association technique of psychoanalysis the...

antisocial personality disorder

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds defines

autism spectrum disorder

neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests

fundamental attribution error

overestimating the influence of dispositional factors while understanding situational factors

psychological

perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts and environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders

social role

socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

active listening

someone tells their therapist that they often feel helpless and unable to accomplish their goals. the therapist acknowledges their feelings, restates, and clarifies their feelings behind what they are expressing.

social psychology

studies how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied presence of others.

implicit associations test (IAT).

test that measures our nonconscious social attitudes and categorization

bystander effect

the ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese.

behavior therapy

the use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behaviors is called

posttraumatic stress

when a traumatic event causes sleeplessness, anxiety, and nightmares