Psychology 201 Final

Celia is taking an interest inventory one of the questions asked her to select her preferred activity from among traveling reading books and cooking the question does not give her a none of the above option what is the format of the interest inventory called

Forced choice format

Jane is a practicing psychologist who assesses the mental status of people charged with crimes and shares her findings with the courts. Jane is most likely a —————.

Forensic psychologist

Jane is a 10 year old girl with a mental age of 12 jeans intelligence quotient calculated using Wilhem Stems formula is

120

———————- is an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.

Altruism

People with blank alternate between extremes of adulation in their relationships when their needs are met and loathing when they feel scorned

Borderline personality disorder

Pansy is romantically and sexually attracted to both males and females she is most likely to be labeled

Bisexual

Which of the following is a principle of critical thinking?

Insist on evidence

—————— refers to learning that is hidden or concealed

Latent learning

Liz sustained a head injury in a car accident when she was fully awake the doctor approach her and ask her questions such as what is the last thing you remember and when were you born less was able to answer all these questions correctly in the scenario the questions asked to Liz summon up

Pre-conscious information

According to Louis ThurStone what are the eight specific factors that make up intelligence

Primary mental abilities

Because of her poor health your aunt B had to take a lot of medication she usually does a good job remembering to take it but sometimes forgets to do so this forgetting is a failure of what type of memory

Prospective memory

———————— believe that we are not likely to act aggressively unless we believe that aggression is appropriate under the circumstances and likely to be reinforced.

Social cognitive theorists

Visual stimuli can be flashed to briefly below are absolute threshold for conscious perception to enables the process then this is an example of

Subliminal stimulation

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during when you are scared

Sympathetic division

In boys, pituitary hormone stimulates the testes to increase the output of what which in turn causes enlargement of the penis and testes in the appearance of body hair

Testosterone

In the context of hunger adaptive thermogenesis causes what when someone goes on a diet

The body to burn fewer calories

A number of people with severe cases of epilepsy have split brain operation sandwich much of ————— is severed

The corpus callosum

Which of the following is a focus of the psychodynamic theory

The far-reaching effects of childhood events on personality

According to your text if you are American you are most likely stressed about

The future of the nation

Which of the following Freudian psychic structures are present in a person at birth

The id

In the context of stress which of the following is true of predictability and control

The illusion of being in control allows people to feel that they are not at the mercy of the fates

The critical factor in state dependent retrieval is the influence of

The persons mood at the time a memory is encoded and retrieved

Although Crystal had practiced her presentation several times of her class she struggled in the middle part of the speech when she gave it in class this pattern of forgetting illustrates

The serial-position effect

Which of the following is true of collectivist

They are more likely to conform to group judgments

One potential reason why women in certain ethnic groups are significantly affected by alcohol is because

They produce less aldehyde dehydrogenase than other groups

In Stanley Milgram study, whenever some of the teachers would hesitate his research assistance would say one of the following except for:

You cannot stop the experiment must continue

Which of the following statements is true of the biological views that explain the origins of anxiety disorders A predisposition toward anxiety in the form of

a highly reactive autonomous nervous system can be inherited

When a patient insists on having a medical cure but a physician does not believe that medicine is necessary, the physician may prescribe sugar pills. Such fake pills are called ——————.

Placebos

——————- is best described as the field of psychology that is about personal well-being and satisfaction joy sensual pleasure and happiness and optimism and hope for the future

Positive psychology

Essay tests are examples of

Recall

————— defined as stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior

Reinforcers

After telling the police officer everything she could recall about when she went into the bank Lucas got to the point that he no longer could recall any more information at that point Lucas was most likely experiencing

Retrieval cue failure

Professor Schwiesow is trained as which of the following?

School psychologist

Which of the following is not a characteristic of middle adulthood?

Sense of smell declines

Exposure to very loud sounds can lead to damage of the auditory nerve or hair cells resulting in

Sensorineural deafness

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in emotional arousal and sleep?

Serotonin

————— is best described as the direction of one's romantic interest and erotic attractions toward members of one's own anatomic sex the other anatomic sex or both

Sexual orientation

Psychological disorders are

Sometimes associated with faulty perception or interpretation of reality

In classical conditioning the term extinction can be disleading because

Spontaneous recovery of extinguished conditioned responses can occur

In the contacts of altering consciousness through drugs what is a problem characterized by loss of control over consumption social impairment risky use and tolerance and withdrawal symptoms

Substance use disorder

The term —————— refers to the deliberate placing of certain ideas impulses or images out of awareness

Suppression

Naomi is afraid of dogs while she is feeling relaxed her therapist shows her dog from a distance that therapist gradually brings her dog closer until Naomi's fear is completely extinguished in this scenario which of the following techniques is being used to extinguish Naomi's fear of dogs

Systematic desensitization

If the what is damaged a person can form visual memories but not verbal memories

Thalamus

Which of the following is one of the most common concerns about the Cannon Bard theory?

The theory says that emotions occur independently from the environment

————— tells us whether we are falling and provides cues to whether our body is changing speed

The vestibular sense

Which of the following is a new basic taste that was recently added to the primary taste qualities

Umami

In a study by Elizabeth Loftus subjects watch a film of an automobile accident then answered a series of questions including one asking them to estimate the speed of the cars what factor affected the subjects estimate of how fast the cars in the film were traveling

Whether the words used in the question suggested greater speeds

According to behaviorist personality is formed by

situational or environmental influences

Bobby was standing in line to purchase a movie ticket all of a sudden the man in front of him took a few steps back and stepped on Bobby's foot Bobby immediately felt pain in his foot the sensation was transmitted to the spinal cord in the brain through

Afferent neurons

Which of the following statements is true of changing attitudes through persuasion?

Agreement and praise are often more effective ways to encourage others to embrace one's views.

Which of the following statements is true of prelinguistic vocalizations

Babies babbling frequently combines consonants and vowels

Derris is a research assistant and Dr. Smith psychology lab. When the participant asked him what the conditions of the study were, Derris replied I do not know this is example of a ————— study.

Double-blind

Which of the following statements is true of aggression?

Electrical stimulation of part of the hypothalamus triggers stereotypical aggressive behaviors in many lower animals.

The —————— monitors brain waves and can be used to teach people how to produce alpha waves which are associated with relaxation.

Electroencephalogram

According to James and Lange what are the cognitive representations of automatic physiological and behavioral responses

Emotions

Which of the following is true of metabolism?

Fatty tissue in the body metabolizes food more slowly than muscle tissue does

————————— is a type of persuasive communication that influences behavior on the basis of arousing anxiety and concern instead of rational analysis of the issues.

Fear appeal

Mindfulness meditation provide clients with techniques they can use to

Focus on the present

Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development?

Germinal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage

Which of the following is not an advantage of group therapy?

Group members who are overly shy do better in these settings.

Motives are ——————.

Inferred from behavior

Ava a four year old girl combines words to form her own statements in this scenario Ava is demonstrating

Infinite creativity

The blind spot:

Is insensitive to visual stimulation

Which of the following is true of crystallized intelligence?

It is shown more generally by vocabulary

In the context of group decision making which of the following is true of the majority wins scheme?

It is the most commonly used social decision scheme

Which of the following statements is true of shaping?

It reinforces progressive steps toward the behavioral goal.

What is the name of the concept that infants are born with the Innate ability to learn language

Language acquisition device

Which of the following is an altered state of consciousness

Meditation

These neurons fire when an animal deserves the behavior of another animal and that behavior simulates imitative behavior in the first animal

Mirror neurons

Which of the following is considered the most complex form of conflict

Multiple approach avoidance

Is the concept that holds that adaptive genetic variations among members of a species enable individuals with those variations to survive and reproduce

Natural selection

The —————— conduct sensory input to the brain where it is related to the visual area of occipital lobe.

Optic nerve

Max's three year old typically says things like I seed that and mommy sitted down these examples illustrate

Overregulation

In the context of memory and forgetting one of the cognitive explanations for infantile amnesia states that

Infants do not make reliable use of language to symbolize or classify events

People deprived of rapid eye movement sleep

Learn more slowly

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what must be developed immediately prior to esteem needs?

Love and belongingness

Hi self efficacy expectations are accompanied by

Low levels of adrenaline

——————— is a behavior therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches in copes with feared objects or situations

Modeling

Behavior that is rewarded by partial reinforcement is what resistant to extinction

More

What are the names of the two terms your text discusses with regard to why we typically develop romantic relationships with people who are similar to us?

Prop inquiry and reciprocity

B.F. Skinner proposed

that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because their behavior has a positive outcome.

Jack's therapist Susan wants him to recall significant points about his recent appraisal to help him cope with his work more effectively. In the scenario Susan is using ———————- .

Cognitive therapy

Which of the following statements about suicide are correct

Extracting a promise not to die by suicide before calling or visiting a helping professional seems to prevent some suicides

Identify the factors that make up the big five factor model

Extroversion neuroticism conscientiousness agreeableness and openness

A researcher places a baby in a room with many different objects then he records the amount of time the baby spends looking at anyone stimulus or object that shows the babies visual preference in this scenario the researcher is most likely measuring the babies

Fixation time

The what is the final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development

Formal operational stage

According to Carl Rogers psychological problems arise —————.

From roadblocks placed in the path of self actualization

Clark Hull's drive reduction theory states that

Humans learn to engage in behaviors that reduce a state of arousal

Sanchís an eight year old boy suffers from unpredictable panic attacks and constantly talks to his imaginary friends his mother confesses to the family doctor I probably drink too much alcohol during pregnancy and cause damage to Sanchez's brain the statement supports the what on psychological disorders

Medical model

Which of the following plays a significant role in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing?

Medulla

In the context of operant conditioning an example of what is when you keep posting comments in social media to receive more likes

Reinforcement

According to the general adaptation syndrome the levels of endocrine and sympathetic activity in the what are lower than the levels of the alarm reaction but still higher than normal

Resistance stage

Jenny is preparing for an English test and her brother is playing music loudly in the next room she focuses on reading her English textbooks and ignores the music in this scenario Jenny is using

Selective attention

Observational learning is one of the foundations of

Social cognitive theory

Which of the following is a focus of Ericksons theory of personality and development

Social relationships

In collectivist cultures that stress interdependence, such as Asian cultures people are more likely to attribute another persons behavior to that persons ——————-.

Social roles and obligations

In the current political climate, there has been an increase in ethnic prejudices. Because you study psychology, your friend approaches you with this idea to combat it which of the following ideas would be ineffective?

Spend time with people who share your attitudes

—————— is the process by which test scores from various population groups are obtained and organized so that test results can be compared to those with similar demographic profiles

Standardization

A hypothesis is a

Statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research.

Identify a true statement about environmental influences on intelligence

Studies support the view that children's early environment is linked to academic achievement

Concerning dissociative identity disorder is which of the following is an accurate about their identities

The identities must not be aware of the others

Darryl has been a cocaine addict for over three years he is a regular user of the drug his body is now habituated to the drugs and hence he requires twice as much cocaine as he did initially to achieve similar effects in this scenario Darrell is displaying

Tolerance

The what is the division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates glands in activities such as heartbeat and respiration

Autonomic nervous system

In order for Tonya to stop smoking her therapist laced her cigarettes with incense that smelled horrifically. What is the name of the technique that Tonya's therapist is using?

Aversive conditioning

According to Ainsworth infants who show what are least distress by their mothers departure play by themselves without fuss and ignore their mothers when they return

Avoidant attachment

In the context of evidence-based practices which of the following treatments would be most effective in treating depression developmental disabilities and bedwetting?

Behavior therapy

When you are training a pet, you are most likely relying on which of the following psychological perspectives?

Behaviorist

Researchers estimate that the heritability of the extroverted personality is

40% to 60%

Which of Jeffrey are nuts five features of emerging adulthood is characterized by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies open before them

The age of possibilities

Which of the following is not a characteristic of psychological hardiness

Aggression

Jenny was beginning to panic as the story began to become crowded by shoppers jenny most likely suffers from

Agoraphobia

If you are upset over something that you saw on social media, most likely your ————— is highly active right now.

Amygdala

Chelsea sells used cars and she has noticed over the years that when you initially "a high price for a car people tend to not have a drastically different counter offer this is an example of

An anchoring and adjustment heuristic

Sheryl is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her doctor prescribes her a drug. Which of the following drugs is she most likely taking?

An antidepressant

When Brenda takes the elevator, she always faces the front. She does this even when there are no written rules or laws that require this behavior this is an example of ———————.

An implicit social norm

Daniela thinks that she is extremely overweight despite having a normal body weight she avoids eating food and has recently lost a lot of weight despite does she continues to think that she is overweight which eating disorder is Daniela most likely suffer from

Anorexia nervosa

Suzanne Kabasa and her colleagues studied business executives who seemed able to resist illness despite stress. In one phase of the research executives completed a battery of psychological, test and the researchers found that psychologically hardy executives tend to

Appraise change as an interesting incentive to personal growth

According to Jung's hypothesis which is a following refers to the primitive images contained in the collective unconscious

Archetypes

A two-year-old child has a pet dog named Sophie the child visits her neighbor and sees the neighbors pet dog even though the neighbors dog is larger in every different color the child points to it and calls it a dog which of Piaget's cognitive processes is the child demonstrating?

Assimilation

According to ethologist Konrad Lorenz what only occurs during a critical period of development

Attachment

Baby Sam's dad could not stop laughing because every time he touch the soles of his feet his toes would Fanno in this scenario the baby exhibited the

Babinski reflex

Tom was suffering from severe anxiety however with the help of his therapist, he noticed that his cheek would start to twitch prior to an anxiety attack. This technique is most similar to ———————.

Biofeedback training

The ————- perspective works on the assumption that thoughts, fantasies, and dreams— and the inborn or instinctive behavior patterns of various species— are made possible by the nervous system and especially by the brain.

Biological

——————— such as pathogens injuries age gender and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness

Biological factors

Which of the following is a similarity between adolescence and emerging adult hood

Both are ages of feeling in between

In relation to the question of what determines intelligence most psychologists agree that

Both heredity and environment are important in determining intelligence

Mary has schizophrenia and exhibit symptoms of hallucinations delusions lack of emotional expression and social withdrawal Mary exhibit what

Both positive and negative symptoms

Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. since then she has immense difficulty in communicating with others she appears understand what others tell her but her responses are slow and laborious. her sentences are always incomplete with important grammatical words missing which of the following conditions best reflects Phoebe's case

Broca's aphasia

The tendency to avoid helping other people in emergencies when other people are also present and apparently capable of helping is known as the ——————.

Bystander effect

The brain and the spinal cord make up the ———-, which controls and commands bodily functions.

Central nervous system

—————— believed that general intelligence was responsible for overall performance on mental ability test

Charles Spearman

Which of the following statements is true of the nativist theory of language development

Children bring neurological pre-wiring to language learning

Ophelia is 51 years old she has begun to experience hot flashes and finds it difficult to sleep at night more often than not she finds herself feeling pessimistic and unmotivated she also has a certain amount of anxiety Ophelia is most likely experiencing the what of middle adulthood

Climacteric phase

On a ————- level, prejudice is linked to expectations that members of the target group will behave poorly, say, in the workplace or engage in criminal behavior or terrorism.

Cognitive

—————— primarily study how we perceive and mentally represent the world, how we learn, remember the past, plan, problem solve, and use language.

Cognitive psychologists

Visual acuity is highest when images are focused on the fovea because of the high concentration of what in the region.

Cones

Someone who does not run on the wrong side of the road because it's the law is exhibiting which stage of moral reasoning

Conventional

An association among variables is known as —————.

Correlation

A ————— expresses the strength and direction (positive or negative) of the relationship between two variables.

Correlation coefficient

————— is defined as a way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination of evidence.

Critical thinking

The loudness of a sound is expressed in

Decibels

People withdrawing from chronic alcohol use me experience what with heavy sweating restlessness disorientation and frightening hallucinations

Delirium tremens

It seems like no matter what you were talking about Sam always thought you were talking about him what type of delusion is he most likely suffering from

Delusions of reference

Steve's physician has prescribed him Valium for his anxiety attacks. This drug will ——————.

Depress the activity of the central nervous system.

The Atkinson Shiffrin model of stages of memory intends to

Determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory

Jeff's dog barks and growls at the sound of a strangers car pulling into his driveway yet the dog wags its tail and gets excited at the sound of Jeff's car in this scenario the difference in the dogs reaction to the sound of Jeff's car and that of a strangers car is due

Discrimination

——————— is the quality of language that permits one to communicate information about objects and events in another time and place

Displacement

Cory was driving when his car met with an accident his best friend who is sitting in the car with them was killed in that accident however Cory escaped an injured when he woke up the next morning he cannot recall where he was or what had happened the previous night he is most likely exhibiting

Dissociative amnesia

——————- is the loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma

Dissociative amnesia

In the contacts of the origins of dissociative disorders but psycho dynamic and learning theory suggest that

Dissociative disorders help people keep disturbing memories or ideas out of mind

Nearsightedness can result when the eyeball is elongated such that the images of

Distant objects are focused in front of the retina

Schizophrenia is characterized by

Disturbances in thought and language perception and attention motor activity and mood

In what the problem solver associates freely to the elements of the problem allowing leads to run a nearly limitless course

Divergent thinking

Nicotine alcohol many other drugs are pleasurable because they heightened levels of

Dopamine

Tom a high school senior is very clear that he wants to study medicine he spends his summer volunteering at hospitals and studies very hard for all of his test he subscribes a medical journal so that he does not miss out on developments in the medical field Tom is determined to study at Harvard medical school according to Ericsson's theory of psychosocial development Tom is demonstrating

Ego identity

Mr. Rupps memory has always been spectacular he can see an image like a painting or a page in a book and recall exactly all of the details of either one Mr. Rupps ability to remember the specific details is known as

Eidetic imagery

According to the different kinds of support for coping with stress what involves listening to peoples problems and expressing feelings of sympathy caring understanding and reassurance

Emotional concern

In client-centered therapy, —————- refers to the recognition of a client's experiences and feelings.

Empathy

Mark and Mindy had two daughters their older daughter moved to a different city to pursue her graduate studies a few years ago recently their younger daughter also moved to a different country for her undergrad studies now Mindy is bereft and unable to figure out what to do with her free time this scenario best illustrates the

Empty nest syndrome

—————— intensifies most emotions and essential to the experience of fear and anxiety.

Epinephrine

—————— stress is considered healthful

Eustress

When Shaina is about to begin her speech in class, she noticed that a few of her classmates are whispering among themselves. She becomes nervous that she might be boring to her audience and gets distracted in this scenario the presence of the classmates is not likely to facilitate her performance due to ——————-.

Evaluation apprehension

————- in part reflects the horrors of mass destruction of human life through war and genocide frequent events in the 20th century

Existentialism

Which of the following statements is true of groupthink?

External threat heightens the cohesiveness of the group and is a source of stress.

Eli is a school student. Her teachers appreciation motivates her to study well she also aims to impress her teacher and parents by getting into a good university after she graduates from her high school Eli's performance goals seems to be met through

Extrinsic rewards

In the contacts of psychosurgery, in —————- physicians beam streams of radiation deep into the skull, destroying spots of tissue believed to be over active in severe obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Gamma knife surgery

Esteban finds that he is often very anxious and not at ease. which of the following neurotransmitters might help him the most?

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Three year old Derris watches the children's television show SpongeBob at first Derris became really excited whenever he saw SpongeBob doll now Darius gets excited whenever he sees any yellow sponge Derris is displaying stimulus ————.

Generalization

Which of the following represents your full genetic potential?

Genotype

—————- form a fatty substance called myelin.

Glial cells

Eugene believes that he can bring about positive change in his life through his own efforts psychologist would say that Eugene

Has high self efficacy expectations

Research on acculturation shows that people who did not fully surrender their traditional backgrounds

Have higher self-esteem than those who do

In the context of organization in long-term memory of what is an arrangement of items into groups or classes according to common or distinct features

Hierarchy

Jenny is obsessed with collecting chocolate wrappers she picks up rappers from the road and stack them at her house over the years these rappers have piled up to such an extent that Jenny is left with only a narrow pathway that leads from the entrance of her house to her bedroom although Jenny has been advised by many to get rid of the clutter she refuses to do so Jenny is most likely suffering

Hoarding disorder

When a child others the word mama it may signify meanings as varied as there goes mama come here mama and you are my mama such a single words used by children to express complex meanings are known as

Holophrases

While on a study tour, Kruti realized how the trip had really helped her gain perspective on her life and why she is working towards earning her degree. What theory best explains this?

Humanism

The what is a pea-size structure in the brain that is involved in many aspects of motivation including sex aggression and hunger

Hypothalamus

The flow of visual information seems smooth and continuous because of what memory which can hold visual stimuli for up to a second

Iconic

How to perform different skills and actions is a component of

Implicit memory

Knowing how to play a piano without much conscious effort illustrates what memory

Implicit memory

Explicit memory is

Information that can be clearly stated

In Gestalt psychology what is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution

Insight

If you have a what locus of control you tend to believe that you can influence when you receive reinforcers

Internal

———————— involves championing the interest of the loved one even if it entails sacrificing one's own.

Intimacy

Which of the following is true of the trait theory

It focuses on describing traits rather than on tracing their origins

In the context of behavior therapy methods which of the following statements is true of flooding?

It involves continuous exposure to fear evoking stimuli.

Which of the following statements is true about long-term memory

It is analogous to a bio chemical hard drive

Which of the following statements is true of applied research?

It is designed to find solutions to specific personal or social problems.

Which of the following statements is true of the absolute threshold?

It is determined by exposing individuals to progressively stronger stimuli under the minimum stimuli the person can detect is found.

In the context of the general adaptation syndrome which of the following is true of the flight or fight theory

It stems from a period in human prehistory when many stressors were life-threatening

According to your text one of the common complaints concerning the Kinsey reports was that

It was collected from a non-random sample

Kim has a poor appetite and has lost a severe amount of weight in the past few months she is unable to concentrate or make decisions she no longer wants to live and wishes to die. psychologists are most likely to diagnose Kim with

Major depressive disorder

In the context of psychological problems arising from roadblocks placed in the path of self actualization if when we are young other people approve of us only when we are doing what they want us to do, we ——————-.

May learn to disown the parts of ourselves to which they object.

Brown and McNeil's experiment on the tip of the tongue phenomenon revealed that

Memory storage systems of humans are indexed according to both visual and audio cues

According to William Masters and Virginia Johnson

Men and women have similar biological responses to sexual stimulation

Tom is a World War II war hero who suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression. In 1954, he was sent to an institution for treatment he was successfully cured and he reentered society to lead a normal life. He was most likely admitted to a ——————.

Mental hospital

Cancer is characterized by the development of abnormal or mutant cells that may take route anywhere in the body in the blood bones digestive track lungs and sex organs if they're spread is not controlled early cancerous cells may what that is they establish colonies elsewhere in the body

Metastasize

In the context of motor development of children which of the following statements is true of activities like rolling over sitting up crawling creeping walking and running

Most infants engage in these activities in the same sequence

After returning from work Greg contemplate whether he should stay at home or exercise at the gym he wants to stay at home because he likes to relax but feels guilty about not getting enough exercise he knows that if he goes to the gym he will be glad that he is exercising but unhappy because he does not enjoy the activity according to Neil E Miller, this is an example of

Multiple approach avoidance conflict

————— is best defined as a sudden variation in an inheritable characteristics as distinguish from a variation that results from generations of gradual selection.

Mutation

——————— refers to a sleep attack in which person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly

Narcolepsy

On his first day as a school psychologist, Daniel took a trip to the school ground and quietly sat in the corner watching the children play. He noticed several patterns in the way children behaved with each other, especially when they were playing games. Daniel is most likely using the method of ——————.

Naturalistic observation

A what is a state of deprivation

Need

Pointing to a cat and saying this is not a dog is a what of the dog concept

Negative instance

Seligman suggested that when things go wrong we sometimes develop inappropriate attributional styles toward the causes of failure which of the following was not proposed by him

Negative or positive

In the context of the five factor model which of the following traits are characteristic of neuroticism?

Nervousness moodiness and sensitivity to negative stimuli

Which of the following hassles is an example of environmental hassles

Noise

—————— Cannot be experienced through sensory awareness or direct inner awareness

Non-conscious processes

Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of —————— in the brain.

Norepinephrine

————— tests are tests items must be answered in specified limited manner and have concrete answers

Objective

Which of the following best identifies the behaviorist primary emphasis for the study of psychology

Observable behavior

According to the social cognitive perspective, aggressive skills are mainly acquired by ——————-.

Observation of other people acting aggressively

According to —————-, when we see model behavior being reinforced we are vicariously reinforced.

Observational learning

—————- is the acquisition of knowledge and skills by watching others rather than by means of direct experience

Observational learning

Kyle is possessed by the thought that he might develop a severe disease due to germs he tries to put these disturbing thoughts out of his mind by washing his hands several times a day Kyle demonstrates

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Lisa a high school student is suspicious of her classmates she does not trust them and keeps a distance from everyone at school he says most likely suffering from

Paranoid personality disorder

The what is the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore reserves of energy to the body

Parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the following statements highlights the relationship between dopamine and schizophrenia?

People with schizophrenia may have more receptor sites for dopamine in an area of the brain that is involved in emotional responding.

—————- can be defined as the reasonably stable patterns of emotions motives and behavior that distinguish one person from another

Personality

After surviving the horrific car accident Jesus has experience intense fear and avoids driving a car he most likely suffering from

Post traumatic stress disorder

Disaster victims may experience debilitating anxiety reactions months and years after the actual disaster these patients are diagnosed with

Post traumatic stress disorder

Some researchers consider the —————- to be the executive center of the brain where decisions are made to keep information in working memory into solve problems.

Prefrontal cortex

Keisha takes care to look smart and attractive for her job interview. She knows that her interviewers will evaluate her face on the first impression she creates in this scenario the impression created by Keisha is an example of the ——————.

Primacy effect

When Angelica studies for her college classes she actively thinks about the new information thinks about its applications and tries to generate her own examples based on her experiences using levels of processing terminology Angelica is:

Processing the information at a deep level so that it is more likely to be encoded into long-term memory

Which of the following is true of psychological needs?

Psychological needs differ markedly from one person to another

Which of the following statements is true of the scientific method?

Psychologists are guided by principles of critical thinking as they try to draw conclusions from research evidence collected through the scientific method.

The principles of psychotherapy focus on all of the following except for:

Psychotherapy only influences clients' feelings.

The what assumes that the more similar something is to our expectations the more likely the entity belongs to that category

Representativeness heuristic

According to your text which of the following is not a reason for dreaming

Role theory

Carole walked into a Moroccan restaurant and was surprised that she did not see any utensils her surprise stems from the fact that she has never eaten without utensils before this is an example of a

Schema

Tom is a loner who shows little interest in making friends and does not exhibit much emotion however he is efficient at his job his job involves updating a database to reflect the most recent events occurring in the world he is showing signs of

Schizoid personality disorder

Hudson was pretty depressed because after receiving some world news updates on his cell phone, he believed that the world was a violent place his friends were surprised by his mood because Hudson worked with wonderful people at his place of worship according to back what type of cognitive error is this?

Selective perception

—————- refers to our ability to bring about desired changes through our own efforts.

Self-efficacy

——————— our beliefs that we can accomplish certain things

Self-efficacy expectations

The strong tendency to view one successes as stemming from internal factors in one's failures as stemming from external factors is called the ——————.

Self-serving bias

Peggy Blake and her colleagues constructed a scale of life change units to measure the impact of life changes among college students surveys with students revealed that

Some of them considered academic success to be stressful

Humor helps people cope with stress by

Stimulating the output of endorphins

According to cognitive psychologists

The changes caused by learning influence an organisms behavior

Anaya is a teenager who has just started wearing braces she hates going to school now because she thinks that everyone is looking at her and laughing she believes that she must look her best at all times which of the following concepts of Piaget's adolescent egocentrism is depicted in this scenario

The concept of the imaginary audience

Asch's study using line judgements was able to demonstrate ——————.

The effects of social conformity

Which of the following is one of Selye's three stages in the general adaptation syndrome

The exhaustion stage

Amy accidentally hit her elbow against the edge of a wall Amy's mother rushed to her and rub the affected elbow Amy's pain subsided which theory would best explain this incident

The gate theory

————— refers to the tendency to perceive a broken figure as being complete or whole.

The principle of closure

Dave cannot remember the last digit of his friends cell phone number so he kept trying different digits until he found the right one in this scenario which of the following methods to Dave use

The systematic random search algorithm

Which best characterizes Howard Gardner's view of intelligence

There are multiple intelligences which are influenced by different areas in the brain

In the context of the theories of intelligence which of the following statements is true of creative people

They appreciate art and music

In the context of the drive reduction theory which of the following is true of acquired drives?

They are developed through experience

Which of the following statements is true of hormones?

They are secreted directly into the bloodstream.

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development which of the following is true of children in the concrete operational stage

They center on the motives of wrongdoers as well as on the amount of damage done when assigning blame

Which of the following statements is true of amphetamines

They provide a euphoric rush when consumed in high doses

Derris's mom used to give him gold stars on the refrigerator whenever he would help out around the house. If Derris earned enough gold stars then he could have some ice cream after dinner this type of reward system is called a —————-.

Token economy

Sean's client, Jacob, had quickly become unusually close to him, almost as if they were brothers. The term for this according to psychoanalytic therapy is what?

Transference

The embryo is connected to the placenta by the

Umbilical cord

Prior to conditioning Michael salivates in response to lasagna placed in his mouth using classical conditioning terms the food would be labeled the what while Michael salivating would be labeled the what

Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response

The what mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression

Unconscious

Behavior-therapy methods for reducing fears include ———————.

Virtual therapy

Which of the following terms denotes a trick of perceptual constancies of the eye

A visual illusion

In the contacts of behavioral genetics identify the correct statement

Heredity is apparently involved in psychological disorders ranging from anxiety and depression to personality disorders

Johnny has always feared going to the dentist as he associated these visits with pain after repeated visits to the dentist Johnny also developed a fear of bright lights as he had started associating it with the dentist cabin in the given scenario the development of Johnny's fear of Bright lights is due to

Higher-order conditioning

Shana is a young girl who was in a bus accident a few years ago since her accident Shana only able to remember people she had met before the accident and incident is from her childhood however she is unable to remember people she met recently or events that are currently happening in her life she reads the same newspaper for several days without realizing that she has read it before the accident has made Shana enable permanently store new information because she sustained an injury to her ——————.

Hippocampus

Which of the following statements is true of sleep?

People need more sleep when they are under stress

In the context of the human eye the size of the what is sensitive to an individual's emotions

Pupil

On a bright, sunny day many leaves a dimly-lit movie theater and goes out into the street. The ————— in his eyes adjust to a sudden increase in light

Pupils

Research that is undertaken primarily because the researchers interested in a research topic is called:

Pure research

Adam a sleep researcher noticed that his sleeping patient had a high level of neurological arousal the patient is most likely in what sleep

Rapid eye movement

According to your text children watching violence in the media are potentially impacted by all of the following except

Reduce probability of aggressive behavior

Sofia does not like eating vegetables. To ensure that she eats vegetables, her mother offers her an extra helping of dessert every time Sophia finishes her vegetables in the contacts of behaviorism. This is known as

Reinforcement

At the start of the exam Bobby did not notice any distracting sounds as time passed she became more and more aware of the ticking clock on the wall what is an example of?

Sensory adaptation

Two identical model cars are parked at the far end of the parking lot you're able to determine that one of the cars is closer to you than the other because it appears to be slightly larger even though you know it is the same as the other this is an example of what perceptual cue

Size constancy

People with what stop breathing periodically up to several hundred times per night

Sleep apnea

Kira an eight year old girl sometimes walks in her sleep she also respond to the questions while she is up and about however when she wakes up in the morning she does not remember the incident in the context of sleep disorders care is exhibiting symptoms of

Somnambulism

As we enter what our brain waves slow down from the alpha rhythm and enter a pattern of theta waves

Stage 1 sleep

Sleepwalking typically occurs during

Stage 4

The pain messages relayed from the spinal cord to the white and then projected to the cerebral cortex making us aware of the location and intensity of the damage

Thalamus

According to the American psychological Association's handbooks of ethics in psychology which of the following criteria must be met for a psychologist to use deception in their experiments?

The participants are debriefed afterward.

Every morning Jacqueline's parents watch for the school bus to arrive they repeatedly are looking out the window to see if the bus has arrived the schedule is a ————-.

Variable-interval schedule

Michaela works as a waitress and she knows that the more tables that she waits on the better the likelihood of more tips the schedule is a:

Variable-ratio schedule

If you were having trouble with balance it would most likely be a problem with your ————— system

Vestibular

Which of the following senses is dominant in human beings

Vision