Psychology: Abnormal psychology
according to the DSM-5 which of the following is not a schizophrenia spectrum or psychotic disorder
dissociative disorder
if a person says, "i must be perfect in every way. I'll be be a better person if I deprive myself of food" that person is engaging in
distorted thinking
strong empirically supported psychological treatments for insomnia include all but
electromyograph (EMG) biofeedback
strong empirically supported psychological treatments for insomnia include all but * cognitive behavioral therapy * electromyograph biofeedback * stimulus control therapy * relaxation training
electromyograph biofeedback
the elimination of urine in places that are not deemed socially appropriate and occur beyond appropriate developmental markers is referred to as
enuresis
one of the most preventable causes of I.D. is
FAS
three specific monoamine neurotansmitters have been understood to be associated with the development of mood disorders
GABA
someone who has munchausen syndrom also, by definition has
a factitious disorder
cluster A includes all of the following except
antisocial
NCD impairments in language production or fluency are often related to which of the following disorders
aphasia
the disorder that is characterized by eating binges followed by forced vomiting is called
bulimia nervosa
the stimulant used by MORE people in the world than any other drug is
caffeine
people who binge
can consume up to 10,000 calories during a binge
someone who fasts or exercise strenuously following a binge is engaging in
compensatory behaviors
when someone who is about to leave for work checks the stove 10 times to make sure it is turned off, that person is exhibiting a
compulsion
which of the following is NOT included in the DSM-5 under the category of neurodevelopmental and elimination disorders
impulse control disorder
which is an example of malingering
intentionally faking a back problem to avoid military service
the insanity defense is actually used far ----- than people perceive that it is used
less often
lying about symptoms for an external incentive is best viewed as
malingering
how does bipolar 1 and bipolar II disorders primarily differ
mania in bipolar I must last longer, whereas bipolar II is characterized by hypomania, which can be shorter
eating disorders affects
men and women
which is a depressant
opioids
while it is a myth that all people with schizophrenia are violent, a subset of these individuals can be dangerous, especially those who experience ------ that are violent
paranoid delusions and command hallucinations
which is not found in the cognitive traid
past
which is NOT a compensatory behavior for someone with bulimia
preoccupation with food
which is not a severity specifier for depressive and bipolar disorders, according to the DSM-s
profound
people who suffer from a variety of anxiety disorders may experience -----, a symptom by which they dwell on a specific course of thinking for extended periods of time
rumination
biological studies on individuals diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder have found brain similarities with individuals diagnosed with ----
schizophrenia
hypersexuality is a term sometimes used synonymously with
sexual addiction
female orgasmic disorder and premature ejaculation are both examples of which category of disorders
sexual dysfunctions
what is the first type of food usually eliminated from the diet of a person who is developing restricting type anorexia
sweets
apneas are ----- which occur frequently during sleep for some people * the changing of dream types related to different sleep cycles * the cessation of airflow * the quick changing of sleep cycles * painful and uncomfortable feelings in ones legs
the cessation of airflow
the severity of an intellectual disability will often indicate
the degree to which a person can perform the activities of daily living and live independently
wave amplitude refers to: * the height of a brain wave * the number of times a wave reaches a particular height * the number of times a wave appears in a given point in time * all of the above
the height of a brain wave? test said was wrong
schizophreniform disorder is characterized primarily by
the same symptom profile as schizophrenia, albeit with a period of dysfunction less than six months
neurodevelopment disorders are termed such due to
their onset being related to early developmental stages
a transition from male to female or vice versa is referred to as
transexual
an identification with a gender incongruent with one's assigned gender/sex is best referred to as
transgender
what is the scientific name for "hair pulling disorder
trichotillomania
delirium may be induced by substance intoxication or withdrawal, prescribed medications, or another medical condition such as a stroke
true
delirium may be induced by substance intoxication or withdrawal, prescribed medications, or another medical condition such as a stroke * true *false
true
neurocognitive disorders can be caused by traumatic brain injury
true
though personality disorders are pervasive and can be difficult to treat, this does not mean that they are -----
untreatable? NOT: all of the above
------ are two empty spaces or cavities in our brain, which have found to be larger in individuals with schizophrenia
ventricles
waters et al. (2014) reported that 27% of individuals with schizophrenia experienced ------ hallucinations, whereas 59% experinecced ----- hallucinations
visual; auditory
a state in which one's body becomes habituated to a drug, such that in the absence of the drug, negative physiological and/or psychological symptoms occur is referred to as
withdrawal
people most likely to experience depression are in which group
young adults (age 18-29 years)
various research findings suggest that psychologists and counselors ----- compared to the general population *better at detecting deception * worse at detecting deception * may be about the same as or higher * none of the above
*not none of the above
brainwaves of rapid eye movement are most similar to which stage
1
in the final stages of life, it is estimated that ----- of individuals suffer from delirium * 16% * 43% * 68% * 83%
83%
REM is which of the following * a sleep stage involving deep delta wave sleep * a sleep stage involving saccadic eye movements * a sleep stage generally occurring at the beginning of a sleep cycle * a really great band
a sleep stage involving saccadic eye movements
according to lilienfeld, defendents should only be considered "not guilty by reason of insanity" if they * do not have the metal capacity to understand the wrongfulness of their actions * have a mental disorder * were unaware of their actions or the moral consequences * all of the above
all of the above
psychologists and the practice of counseling are often portrayed in such ways by the media that they lead to a variety of myths. which of the following is an example of these protrayals
all of the above
risk factors for more severe delirium outcomes include which of the following * being inactive or immobile * repeated falls * premorbid depression * all of the above
all of the above
the use of DBT for the treatment of borderline personality disorder generally emphasizes which of the following
all of the above
which of the follow symptoms is typical of NCD due to alzheimer's disease * memory deficits * executive functioning deficits * language deficits * all of the above * both a and b
all of the above
which of the following can cause a child to have an intellectual disability
all of the above
which of the following has been used to promote eugenics
all of the above
which of the following medications have been used to treat cluster B personality disorders
all of the above
which of the following would be considered ancillary information
all of the above
which of the following is one of the americal psychological association's ethical principle of psychologists
all of the above are apa ethical principles
which of the following is not a common symptom of PTSD
all of the above are symptoms of PTSD
which of the following is a specifier of sexual dysfunction disorders
all of the above-- acquired, generalized, lifelong
the diagnosis for general personality disorder requires that a person exhibits an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior marked by deficits in which of the following possible area(s)
all of the aforementioned
dyssomnias can be defined as * alterations in the dreams that a person has * alterations in the position in which one sleeps * alterations in the quality, amount, or timing of sleep * alterations in the times one wakes up in the morning
alterations in the quality, amount, or timing of sleep
separate personality states are called
alters
if a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a person's depression, the latest research would lead us to expect to find that person to have
an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine
significantly low weight is defined as a weight that is less than minimally normal is a feature of
anorexia nervosa
deception is a feature of which personality disorder
antisocial
which of the following is a classification of medications designed to treat anxiety disorders
anxiolytics
which of the following statements best describes which drugs affect sleep * depressants tend to affect sleep whereas stimulants do not * stimulants tend to affect sleep whereas depressants do not * any drug that crosses the blood brain barrier can affect sleep * any drug that specific leads to changes in the cerebellum can affect sleep
any drug that crosses the blood brain barrier can affect sleep
which of the following statements best describes which drugs affect sleep
any drug that crosses the blood-brain barrier can affect sleep
which personality disorder best describes seeing a therapist as being the greatest therapist who ever lived in one session, and in the next session, the worst of the 46 therapists with whom the patient has worked
borderline
many researchers believe that alzheimers disease is largely related to an increase of ----- in certain areas of the brain
both A and B
many researchers believe that alzheimer's disease is largely related to an increase of ----- in certain areas of the brain. * neurofibrillary tangles * beta amyloid plaques * proteinacious infection particle * all of the above * both a and b
both a and b
a woman eats cookies, cakes, ice cream, and almost anything else that is sweet. at some point during the binge, she takes a huge dose of a laxative to "empty out" the food. her taking the laxative, and the assumption underlying why she does it, would lead to a diagnosis
bulimia nervosa
which of the following psychotherapy treatments has been shown to have strong empirical support to help anthony with his symptoms
cognitive behavioral therapy
just before debuting at carnegie hal, the pianist suffered paralysis of her left hand. which BEST describes her disorder
conversion disorder
chronic switching between hypomanic symptoms and depression over an extended period of at least two years, or one year in children
cyclothymia
milder forms of bipolar disorders are known as ----- disorder
cyclothymic
needing the approval of others, desperately, is best seen to fit which personality disorder
dependent
a person's thoughts, actions, feelings, or impulses being in conflict with their core beliefs, personality, and/or self-image is called
ego-dystonic
memory related to the events of our daily lives
episodic memory
----- is a key technique in treating PTSD and dissociative disorders, and is characterized by attending to a memory or stimulus in order to extinguish negatively reinforcing escape/avoidance behavior
exposure
vicarious trauma occurs as a result of which of the following
exposure to another person's trauma
some research has demonstrated that psychotherapists hold a number of incorrect beliefs about deception, including endorsing the false belief that clients who lie are more likely to indicate their deception by a decrease in ----- * eye blinks * eye contact * shoulder shrugs * smiles
eye contact
forcing sleep is the best way to go to sleep
false
the use of the insanity plea has been found to lead to ----- people generally perceive that it does. * no more and no less acquitals than * the same amount of acquitals that * more acquitals than * fewer acquitals than
fewer acquiltals than
the use of the insanity plea has been found to lead to -----people generally perceive that it does
fewer acquitals than
medicolegal situations involve
forensic evaluations or legal contexts
the fact that anthony has experienced delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech for more than the required 1 month is best represented by which of the four Fs
frequency
distress in relation to incongruence between a persons sex (assigned gender) and expressed or experienced gender is referred
gender dysphoria
which of the following is NOT considered a trauma and dissociative disorder
gender dysphoria
continuous performance tasks can be used to help distinguish primarily between which symptoms of ADHD
hyperactivity and inattention
which of the following are not specifiers for alcohol use disorder
in an uncontrolled environment
though many people belief it to be the case, it is a common misconception that the term ----- is used by psychologists, and in reality, it is a legal, rather than a diagnostic, term * insanity * intellectual disability * impulse control disorder * none of the above
insanity
carl was ashamed to tell his therapist that he was extremely poor when he grew up, so he decided to simply leave that part of the story out when discussing his early life. this would be an example of
lies of omission
carl was ashamed to tell his therapist that he was extremely poor when he grew up, so he decided to simply leave that part of the story out when discussing his early life. this would be an example of * other oriented lies * duping delight * benevolent deception * lies of omission
lies of omission
generally, when working anthony and other individuals on the schizophrenia spectrum, his therapist will focus primarily on which of the following
life skills and disease management
anhedonia is a sympton of a variety of disorders and generally refers to
loss of pleasure in things once experienced as pleasurable
the DSM-5 suggests that 30%-50% of individuas with schizotypal personality disorder may have a comorbid diagnosis of -----
major depression
elevated or irritable mood, characterized a range of specific symptoms related to euphoria, grandiosity, and increased energy is referred to as
mania
curtis and hart (2015) demonstrated that psychotherapists held a number of ----- toward clients who lie in therapy and toward discovering a clients lie. * positive attitudes * negative attitudes * inaccurate biases * accurate biases
negative attitudes
the term "borderline" derives from its early conceptualization as a disorder situated between -----
neurosis & psychosis
sleepwalking involves movement that occurs during which stage of sleep *stage 1 * stage 2 * REM sleep * non Rem sleep
non rem sleep
the dysfunctional neurological processes causing most NCDs almost never begin prior to what age * 40 * 50 * 60 * 70
not 50
which of the following is NOT categorized by the DSM-5 as an executive functioning deficit in some NCD * problems with decision making * deficits with task performance * difficulties with complex or novel tasks * difficulties retaining recent information
not deficits with task performance
recurrent and persistent thoughts that increase anxiety are called
obessessions
for PTSD to be diagnosed, symptoms must persist for at least
one month
which of the following is a primary difference between factitious disorder and malingering
people who are malingering are motivated by attention from assuming a sick role and people with factitious disorder are not
which of the following is a myth of eating disorders
people with eating disorders do not eat? all of the above ***** is wrong
the symptoms recently experienced by anthony are sufficient for a diagnosis of schizophrenia. his ongoing belief that he has harmed people that he has, in fact, not harmed, are an example of
persecutory delusions
depressed mood that lasts almost all day long, more often than not, for at least 2 years (1 year for children and adolescent) is called
persistent depressive disorder
an intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called
phobic disorder
a student who turns pale and feels nauseated when called on to speak in class in experiencing a ----- response to stress
physical
almost every night, cara wakes up terrified and screaming for the boys to get off of her. two years later she still can't get the gang rape out of her mind. the fear, anxiety, and depression are ruining her life. this is an example of a
posttraumatic stress reaction
memory related to the activities and habits that we learn * procedural memory * episodic memory * long term memory * short term memory
procedural memory
the most common biological treatment for ADHD is
psychostimulants
schizoaffective disorder is characterized primarily by
schizophrenia plus a mood disorder (manic or depressive episode)
believing that stones have magical powers is best demonstrated in which personality disorder
schizotypal
the most commonly used form of treatment for a substance use disorder is
self help groups
the most commonly used form of treatment for a substance use disorder is hospital inpatient outpatient mental health center inpatient rehabilitation self help groups
self help groups?
euphoria or a lack of affect, hypervigilance and anxiety, differences in socializing, interpersonal sensitivity, anger, impaired decision making, and physiological changes such as increases or decreases in blood pressure and heart rate, dilation of the pupils, perspiration or chills, nausea or vomiting, weight loss, psychomotor changes and bodily weakness or pain are best representative of which drug intoxication
stimulants
thought stopping is a way to * stop one's thoughts so as to interrupt problematic thought cycles * stop repetitive and ruminative thinking which sometimes makes it difficult for people to sleep * stop repetitive and ruminative behaviors which sometimes makes it difficult for people to sleep * all of the above * both a and b
stop repetitive and ruminative thinking which sometimes makes it difficult for people to sleep
a college professor's work performance recently has deteriorated, and his colleagues find him difficult to talk to. if this is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior as detailed above would be
substance use disorder
wes has a drink in the morning on rising. he has a cocktail with breakfast. he usually sneaks a snort during the morning "just to get through the day" and then drinks during his lunch. when he leaves work, he goes to a singles bar and immediately has a drink to ease his nerves about approaching the women there. later, at home, he generally has a small dinner and then sits in front of the TV watching sports and drinking beer (as many as 12 cans). somehow he manages to get up and go to work the next morning. wes is displaying
substance use disorder
according to the DSM-5, all of the following are considered symptoms of a manic episode EXCEPT
suicidal ideation
wave frequency refers to
the number of times a wave appears in a given point in time
which of the following is a hair pulling disorder wherein a person pulls out hair from any area of their body
trichotillomania
the lack of sleep can impair a person's functioning in a similar way to alcohol
true
gambling an be addictive and a disorder
true and can be a disorder
the tendency to assume that people are telling the truth is known as
truth bias
to be classified as a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least
two weeks
anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have been found more frequently in women compared to men by what ratio
10:1
what percentage of teens with ADHD have multiple automobile crashes
40%
to be diagnosed with gender dysphoria, a person must experience symptoms for at least
6 months
in order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, a person generally must have experienced symptoms for
6 months, meeting full criteria for the disorder for at least one full month
approximately ----- of individuals with parkinson's eventually meet criteria for a major NCD
75%
in the final stages of life, it is estimated that ----- of individuals suffer from delirium
83%
the effect that watching crime shows has on perceptions of forensic psychology has been termed the
CSI effect
the effect that watching crime shows has on perceptions of forensic psychology has been termed the * NCIS effect * law & order effect * CSI effect * criminal minds effect
CSI effect
which of the following is NOT an NCD (neurocognitive disorder) recognized by the DSM-5
NCD due to dissociative amnesia
salina was terrifed during the san francisco earthquake of 1989 who wouldn't be? for a couple of weeks after, she did not sleep well or feel comfortable inside a building. however, the fears gradually diminished, disappearing within a month. her reaction to the earthquake would MOST likely be diagnosed as
acute stress disorder
which behavior pattern is NOT listed in the DSM-5 as an obsessive compulsive related disorder
agoraphobia
which of the following is an example of a depressant
alcohol
autism spectrum disorder sometimes occurs in conjunction with
all of the above
researchers have found sleep disorders to be fatal in which of the following ways
all of the above
------ principles have been found to be successful for treating children with elimination disorders without biological sources
behavioral
a person who loses weight by forcing herself to vomit after meals or by using laxatives and who otherwise fits the definition of anorexia is experiencing
binge eating/purging type anorexia nervosa
a 35 year old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm. the physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. she appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms may be psychological. the diagnosis would be
conversion disorder
involving a loss of functioning that is not better explained by another medical or mental disorder and causes distress and impairment in sensory or neurological functioning is best referred to as
conversion disorder
research findings suggest that 50%-83% of eating disorders could be accounted for by
genetic influence
when someone communicates some truth, but not the full truth, this is generally known as
half truth
which of the following medications would likely be most helpful to anthony before he would make much progress in psychotherapy
haloperidol
a sleep disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness is best referred to as
hypersomnolence
curtis and hart (2015) demonstrated that psychotherapists held a number of ----- toward clients who lie in therapy and toward discovering a clients life
negative attitudes
which of the following would NOT be considered a "drug"
sugar