Psychology AP Chapter 16

DSM-IV

A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the

a persistently sad mood and low energy level

A dysthymic disorder is most likely to be characterized by

dissociative disorder

A sudden loss of memory is one of the symptoms of a(n)

depression

According to psychoanalytic theory, memory of losses, especially in combination with internalized anger, is likely to result in

a genetic predisposition

According to the following, which is generally accepted as a possible cause of schizophrenia

mood disorder

According to the social-cognitive perspective, a person who experiences unexpected aversive events may develop helplessness and manifest a

biasing power of diagnostic labels

After participants in one study were informed that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as "a passive type" and "frightened of his own impulses." This study best illustrated the

phobia

Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a

social-cognitive perspective

Amanda's therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her therapist's suggestion best illustrates a

specific and temporary

An effective way to break the vicious cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are

a manic episode

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with

learning

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.

dissociative identity disorder

As a child, Monica was criticized severely by her mother for not living up to her expectations. This criticism was always followed by a beating with a whip. As an adult, Monica is generally introverted and extremely shy. Sometimes, however, she acts more like a young child, throwing tantrums if she doesn't get her way. At other times, she is a flirting, happy-go-lucky young lady. Most likely, Monica is suffering from

the medical model

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts are made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of:

learning

Before he can study, Rashid must arrange his books, pencils, paper, and other items on his desk so that they are "just so." The campus counselor suggests that Rashid's compulsive behavior may help alleviate his anxiety about failing in school, which reinforces the compulsive actions. This explanation of obsessive-compulsive behavior is most consistent with which perspective?

ADHD

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of

a mood disorder

Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from

depression; anorexia nervosa

Evidence of environmental effects on psychological disorders is seen in the fact that certain disorders, such as ______, are universal, whereas others, such as ______, are culture-bound

women tend to think, while men tend to act

Gender differences in the prevalence of depression may be partly due to the fact that when stressful experiences occur

hallucination; delusion

Hearing voices would probably be a(n) ______; believing that you are Napoleon would be a(n) ______

increased levels of norepinephrine

In treating depression, a psychiatrist would probably prescribe a drug that would

antisocial personality disorder

Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions

generalized anxiety disorder

Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a

hallucinations

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him that he is so evil that he should drown himself. Michael is experiencing

Which of the following is not true concerning depression?

Most depressive episodes appear not to be preceded by any particular factor or event

arise from the interaction of nature and nurture

Most mental health workers today take the view that disordered behaviors

hearing

Most of the hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the sense of

mania

Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of

delusions

Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from

schizophrenia

Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching her to see how long it takes her to grow another one. Mrs. Higgins is most likely suffering from

role-playing

Nicholas Spanos considers dissociative identity disorder to be

a biopsychosocial approach

People around the world may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently depending on their own personal expectations and the definitions of abnormality common to their unique culture. This best illustrates the need for

anxiety disorders

Phobias and obsessive-compulsive behaviors are classified as

panic disorder

Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of

Pinel

The French reformer who insisted that madness was not demon possession and who called for humane treatment of patients was

agoraphobia

The avoidance of situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes is most characteristic of

vary from cultures and time

The criteria for classifying behavior as psychologically disordered

is relatively high

The diagnostic reliability of DSM-IV

having matured physically at a very early age

The early warning signs of schizophrenia, based on studies of high-risk children, include all but which of the following?

alleviate schizophrenia symptoms

The effect of drugs that block receptors for dopamine is to

biopsychosocial

The fact that disorders such as schizophrenia are universal and influenced by heredity, whereas other disorders such as anorexia nervosa are culture-bound provides evidence for the ______ model of psychological disorders

viral infections

The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder

learned helplessness

The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression to

psychoanalytic perspective

The suggestion that dissociative identity disorders are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the

legal definitions

The term insanity refers to

hallucinations

Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce

heights

To which of the following is a person most likely to acquire a phobia?

less fear and less autonomic arousal

When expecting to be electrically shocked, people with an antisocial disorder, as compared to normal people, show

process; unlikely

When schizophrenia is slow to develop, called ______ schizophrenia, recovery is ______

social withdrawal

Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia

It occurs more frequently in lightly populated areas.

Which of the following is not true regarding schizophrenia?

depression

Which of the following is the most pervasive of the psychological disorders

Definitions of abnormal behavior are culture-dependent

Which of the following is true concerning abnormal behavior

Labels interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders

Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of disordered behaviors is not true

an obsessive-compulsive disorder

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of

post-traumatic stress disorder

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of

Catatonia

periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement