Psychology AP Chapter 16

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of

ADHD

periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement

Catatonia

A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the

DSM-IV

Which of the following is true concerning abnormal behavior

Definitions of abnormal behavior are culture-dependent

Which of the following is not true regarding schizophrenia?

It occurs more frequently in lightly populated areas.

Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of disordered behaviors is not true

Labels interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders

The French reformer who insisted that madness was not demon possession and who called for humane treatment of patients was

Pinel

Most depressive episodes appear not to be preceded by any particular factor or event

Which of the following is not true concerning depression?

People around the world may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently depending on their own personal expectations and the definitions of abnormality common to their unique culture. This best illustrates the need for

a biopsychosocial approach

According to the following, which is generally accepted as a possible cause of schizophrenia

a genetic predisposition

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with

a manic episode

Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from

a mood disorder

A dysthymic disorder is most likely to be characterized by

a persistently sad mood and low energy level

The avoidance of situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes is most characteristic of

agoraphobia

The effect of drugs that block receptors for dopamine is to

alleviate schizophrenia symptoms

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of

an obsessive-compulsive disorder

Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions

antisocial personality disorder

Phobias and obsessive-compulsive behaviors are classified as

anxiety disorders

Most mental health workers today take the view that disordered behaviors

arise from the interaction of nature and nurture

After participants in one study were informed that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as "a passive type" and "frightened of his own impulses." This study best illustrated the

biasing power of diagnostic labels

The fact that disorders such as schizophrenia are universal and influenced by heredity, whereas other disorders such as anorexia nervosa are culture-bound provides evidence for the ______ model of psychological disorders

biopsychosocial

Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from

delusions

According to psychoanalytic theory, memory of losses, especially in combination with internalized anger, is likely to result in

depression

Which of the following is the most pervasive of the psychological disorders

depression

Evidence of environmental effects on psychological disorders is seen in the fact that certain disorders, such as ______, are universal, whereas others, such as ______, are culture-bound

depression; anorexia nervosa

A sudden loss of memory is one of the symptoms of a(n)

dissociative disorder

As a child, Monica was criticized severely by her mother for not living up to her expectations. This criticism was always followed by a beating with a whip. As an adult, Monica is generally introverted and extremely shy. Sometimes, however, she acts more like a young child, throwing tantrums if she doesn't get her way. At other times, she is a flirting, happy-go-lucky young lady. Most likely, Monica is suffering from

dissociative identity disorder

Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a

generalized anxiety disorder

Hearing voices would probably be a(n) ______; believing that you are Napoleon would be a(n) ______

hallucination; delusion

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him that he is so evil that he should drown himself. Michael is experiencing

hallucinations

Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce

hallucinations

The early warning signs of schizophrenia, based on studies of high-risk children, include all but which of the following?

having matured physically at a very early age

Most of the hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the sense of

hearing

To which of the following is a person most likely to acquire a phobia?

heights

In treating depression, a psychiatrist would probably prescribe a drug that would

increased levels of norepinephrine

The diagnostic reliability of DSM-IV

is relatively high

The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression to

learned helplessness

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.

learning

Before he can study, Rashid must arrange his books, pencils, paper, and other items on his desk so that they are "just so." The campus counselor suggests that Rashid's compulsive behavior may help alleviate his anxiety about failing in school, which reinforces the compulsive actions. This explanation of obsessive-compulsive behavior is most consistent with which perspective?

learning

The term insanity refers to

legal definitions

When expecting to be electrically shocked, people with an antisocial disorder, as compared to normal people, show

less fear and less autonomic arousal

Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of

mania

According to the social-cognitive perspective, a person who experiences unexpected aversive events may develop helplessness and manifest a

mood disorder

Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of

panic disorder

Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a

phobia

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of

post-traumatic stress disorder

When schizophrenia is slow to develop, called ______ schizophrenia, recovery is ______

process; unlikely

The suggestion that dissociative identity disorders are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the

psychoanalytic perspective

Nicholas Spanos considers dissociative identity disorder to be

role-playing

Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching her to see how long it takes her to grow another one. Mrs. Higgins is most likely suffering from

schizophrenia

Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia

social withdrawal

Amanda's therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her therapist's suggestion best illustrates a

social-cognitive perspective

An effective way to break the vicious cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are

specific and temporary

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts are made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of:

the medical model

The criteria for classifying behavior as psychologically disordered

vary from cultures and time

The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder

viral infections

Gender differences in the prevalence of depression may be partly due to the fact that when stressful experiences occur

women tend to think, while men tend to act