Psychology Assessment 1 Chapter 2

experiment

The only way to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables is to conduct a(n) ________.

confirmation bias

________ is the tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs.

surveys

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

longitudinal

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time.

longitudinal

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

quasi-experimental

Drs. Goran and Lieberman are interested in assessing differences in pain threshold between men and women. They recruit male and female participants to a study that assesses tolerance for thermal pain. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

double-blind

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.

Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design?

random sampling; random group assignment

In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ________ and ________.

naturalistic observation

Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?

help ensure quality control in reporting scientific findings

Peer reviewers ________.

human; obtaining informed consent

Research on ________ subjects must always involve ________.

there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.

Scientific Method

Scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________.

archival research; surveys

Simplicity of conducting the study is to ________ as ability to test large numbers of participants is to ________.

replication

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________.

independent variable

The ________ is controlled by the experimenter.

procedure where a large hole is created in the forehead so that evil spirits can escape

Trephination is the ________.

small sample size

What is a limitation that affects the generalizability of research results?

Anxiety disorders are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences.

Which of the following statements is not a hypothesis?

statistical analyses; reliability

________ can be used to assess ________.