Psychology ch 1

Which psychologist is matched with the CORRECT perspective? a. Freud - psychoanalytic b. Jean Piaget - sociocultural c. John Watson - psychodynamic d. Carl Rogers - behavioral

a. Freud - psychoanalytic

Clinical psychologist is to psychiatrist as _____ is to _____. a. PhD; MD b. PsyD; PhD c. MD; PsyD d. MD; PhD

a. PhD; MD

The pioneering psychologist _____ used a method called _____ to enable subjects to examine their own mental processes. a. Wundt; introspection b. Wundt; internal perception c. Watson; introspection d. Watson; internal perception

a. Wundt; introspection

Is deception ever revealed in a psychological study? If so, when? a. Yes. It is revealed after the study ends, during debriefing. b. No. It is never revealed. c. Yes. It is revealed before the study begins, when informed consent is obtained. d. Yes. It is revealed before the study begins, during debriefing.

a. Yes. It is revealed after the study ends, during debriefing.

Former U.S. President George H. W. Bush designated 1990-1999 as the "Decade of the Brain." This designation reflects the importance of the _____ perspective in contemporary psychology. a. biological b. humanistic c. behavioral d. psychoanalytic

a. biological

A research assistant is describing the experimental manipulations in detail to the participants. The research assistant is: a. debriefing the participants. b. obtaining informed consent. c. providing an ethics review. d. conducting random assignment.

a. debriefing the participants.

Case studies and surveys are both types of _____ research. a. descriptive b. naturalistic c. experimental d. observational

a. descriptive

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were among the early founders of the _____ perspective in psychology. a. humanistic b. psychoanalytic c. cognitive d. behavioral

a. humanistic

A fake or "pretend" experimental treatment is called a: a. placebo. b. blind. c. control. d. confound.

a. placebo.

The LAST step in the scientific method is: a. publishing the findings. b. developing a question c. analyzing data. d. designing a study.

a. publishing the findings.

The statement "Those who survive a natural disaster will have an elevated risk for developing the symptoms of depression or an anxiety disorder" is an example of a(n): a. operational definition. b. theory. c. hypothesis. d. abstract.

c. hypothesis.

In a busy office, Meena records managers' behaviors when they interact with subordinates. She goes to great lengths to make sure that the managers are not aware that she is watching them. This is an example of: a. an experiment. b. survey research. c. naturalistic observation. d. a case study.

c. naturalistic observation.

Anticipating future outcomes or behaviors is at the heart of psychology's goal of: a. explanation. b. control. c. prediction. d. description.

c. prediction.

In a typical experimental session, informed consent: a. reveals any deception included in the experimental procedures. b. occurs at the conclusion of the session. c. takes place before the experimental procedure begins. d. includes detailed info about the experimental manipulations.

c. takes place before the experimental procedure begins.

Rare phenomena are BEST studied using a descriptive research technique called: a. the survey. b. the experimental method. c. the case study. d. naturalistic observation.

c. the case study.

A drug company plans a double-blind study to test a new antianxiety medication. Which procedure would the company use? a. The research assistants would know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Each patient would also know which type of pill he or she was taking. b. The research assistants would know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Each patient, though, would not know which type of pill he or she was taking. c. The research assistants would not know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Each patient, though, would know which type of pill he or she was taking. d. The research assistants would not know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Also, each patient would not know which type of pill he or she was taking.

d. The research assistants would not know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Also, each patient would not know which type of pill he or she was taking.

In contrast with _____ research, _____ research allows cause-and-effect conclusions. a. observational; correlational b. correlational; case study c. experimental; descriptive d. descriptive; experimental

d. descriptive; experimental

Cause-and-effect predictions may be tested in: a. surveys. b. correlational research. c. case studies. d. experiments.

d. experiments.

Which two goals are included in the four goals of psychology? a. exploration and prediction b. analysis and description c. analysis and control d. prediction and control

d. prediction and control

A sample is _____ a population. a. larger than b. the same as c. more predictive than d. smaller than

d. smaller than

Psychology's first two major schools of thought were: a. functionalism and behaviorism. b. structuralism and humanism. c. functionalism and humanism. d. structuralism and functionalism.

d. structuralism and functionalism.

Developing a hypothesis is the _____ step in the scientific method. a. next-to-last b. first c. second d. second-to-last

second

Psychologists credit _____ with founding the discipline by opening the first psychology laboratory. a. Edward Titchener b. Wilhelm Wundt c. John Watson d. Sigmund Freud

b. Wilhelm Wundt

A sample is: a. experiment participants who don't receive the treatment. b. a subset of a population of interest. c. all the members of a group in which a researcher is interested. d. experimental participants who receive the treatment.

b. a subset of a population of interest.

Dr. Davis provides psychotherapy to help people who suffer from psychological disorders. She is MOST likely a(n) _____ psychologist. a. cognitive b. clinical c. experimental d. developmental

b. clinical

In an experiment, the values of the _____ variable are determined by the researcher's manipulation of the _____ variable. a. independent; dependent b. dependent; independent c. control; experimental d. experimental; control

b. dependent; independent

The correlational method is aimed at: a. collecting data through interviews or questionnaires. b. examining relationships among variables. c. examining a single individual in great detail. d. verifying cause-&-effect relationships between variables.

b. examining relationships among variables.

The textbook describes a study (Lillard & Peterson, 2011) in which children were randomly assigned to one of three 9-minute activity conditions: watching SpongeBob SquarePants, watching an educational program, or drawing and coloring. All the children's performance on cognitive tasks was then assessed. Because the children were randomly assigned to conditions, this study is an example of _____ research. a. survey b. experimental c. naturalistic d. correlational

b. experimental

Human strengths and virtues are the focus of a new approach called _____ psychology. a. spiritual b. positive c. humanistic d. cognitive

b. positive

Dr. Rowan attempts to help his patients uncover unconscious motives and conflicts. Dr. Rowan appears to favor the _____ perspective in psychology. a. cognitive b. psychoanalytic c. behavioral d. humanistic

b. psychoanalytic

As part of his senior project, Kevin is conducting a survey of eating attitudes and behaviors among young adults. Kevin distributes questionnaires to 150 randomly selected students enrolled in lower-level psychology courses at his university. These students make up Kevin's _____. Young adults in general constitute Kevin's _____. a. control group; experimental group b. sample; population c. population; sample d. experimental group; control group

b. sample; population

A questionnaire examining respondents' political attitudes would MOST likely be used in: a. an experiment. b. survey research. c. naturalistic observation. d. a case study.

b. survey research.

Measureable characteristics that can change over time and across people are called: a. statistics. b. variables. c. constants. d. operational definitions.

b. variables.

_____ statistics are used to organize and present a set of data, often through tables, graphs, and charts. a. Experimental b. Inferential c. Descriptive d. Operational

c. Descriptive

Focus on research is to focus on practice as _____ is to _____. a. PsyD; PhD b. MS; PhD c. PhD; PsyD d. PsyD; MS

c. PhD; PsyD

Dr. Tyler prescribes benzodiazepine drugs such as Valium and Xanax to treat his patients' anxiety symptoms. Dr. Tyler adheres to the _____ perspective in psychology. a. cognitive b. behavioral c. biological d. sociocultural

c. biological

A weak correlation is indicated by a: a. high absolute value. b. positive sign. c. coefficient that is closer to .00. d. negative sign.

c. coefficient that is closer to .00.

A research assistant is describing the experimental manipulations in detail to the participants. The research assistant is: a. conducting random assignment. b. obtaining informed consent. c. debriefing the participants. d. providing an ethics review.

c. debriefing the participants.

Macy is considering topics she finds personally interesting and is beginning to read some of the psychological research on some of these topics. With respect to the scientific method, Macy is working on the _____ step of the method, namely, developing a _____. a. first; question b. second; hypothesis c. first; hypothesis d. second; question

first; question