Psychology ch 11 practice questions

It is an election year, and a volunteer asks if Jay would put a small sign in his yard. He agrees. The next week, Jay's wife cannot believe he agreed to put the 3-foot sign on the front lawn. This scenario is explained by:

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

When temperatures go up in the summer the rates of violent crimes increase. This is BEST explained in terms of the ___ principle

frustration-aggression

According to the ___, people overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the influence of situations

fundamental attribution error

If the political conservatism of students who join fraternities and sororities is greater than that of students who do not, the gap in the political attitudes of the two groups will probably widen as they progress through college. This would be best explained in terms of

group polarization

Prejudice can occur automatically without conscious decision making because it is often

implicit

Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces, each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions. This situation best illustrates

mirror-image perceptions

After watching violent pornographic movies on late night cable tv, Myron will probably be

more likely to treat women in a punitive manner.

In a study of social loafing, blindfolded students were asked to pull on a rope as hard as they could. The students tugged hardest when they thought

no others were pulling with them

Based on Solomon Asch's research, conformity to group judgments would be LEAST likely when:

participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers.

Our first impressions of those we meet are most likely to be determined by their

physical appearance

The most powerful indicator of whether people will become friends is

proximity

The ___ theory proposes that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

scapegoat

After the events of 9/11, some Americans began boycotting Arab-American stores and lashing out at any Middle-Eastern person they saw. This behavior is best explained in terms of:

scapegoat theory

Social facilitation is most likely to occur in the performance of ___ tasks

simple

__ psychologists explore how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

social

If one student in a classroom begins to cough, others are likely to do the same. This best illustrates

the chameleon effect

A stereotype is best described as a

A generalized belief about a group of people

__ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to harm someone

Aggression

Harut thinks that their new neighbor is mean and snobbish. This ___ will likely influence Harut to act negatively toward their neighbor

Attitude

Proximity, similarity and physical attractiveness combine to yield

Attraction

Tom is attending college in a city far away from home where he does not know anybody. According to the principle of proximity, Tom will be MOST likely to make friends with:

Bill, his roommate.

Which of these occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

Central route persuasion

Carson has very strong opinions against a tuition increase. However once they are the student representative for the college board they develop a more favorable attitude about the tuition increase. Which theory BEST explains this change

Cognitive dissonance theory

Cultures that focus on "we," on meeting group standards and accommodating others are BEST described as ___ cultures

Collectivist

Joachim and Julie have been married for 10 years. They feel deep affection and attachment to each other. Their love may be best explained as ___ love

Compassionate

Wanda is typically very shy. However while watching a rock concert with a huge crowd, she lost her inhibitions. Wanda's unusual behavior is best understood in terms of the group phenomenon known as ___

Deindividuation

Dr. Cheng studies social influence at a university in China. He is concerned because he is finding that rates of conformity in his experiments are much higher than those reported by his cousin, another social influence researcher, who does his research in the United States. Which reason might account for this difference?

Dr. Cheng is conducting his experiments in a country that prizes collectivism, whereas his cousin is conducting experiments in a country that prizes individualism.

Alexandria is well liked by her friends. When you watch her, you can see that she mimics her friends gestures and seems to match their moods. Alexandra's behavior would suggest that this automatic mimicry is a component of

Empathy

The executives from a Japanese automobile company decide to build an automobile plant in the United States. In Japan, workers in automobile plants work together in teams. According to research on social loafing, why would this NOT be a as good an idea for u.s workers?

In individualist cultures, social loafing would be more likely and decrease production.

The specific topic of prejudice is an example of social psychology's broad focus on social

Relations

A ___ is a set of expectations about a social position that define how those in that position are expected to behave

Role

Dr zayas is designing a study in obedience to authority. They will set up a learning laboratory and have participants deliver loud blast of sound as punishment for incorrect answers, which will be given by a confederate of the researcher. How can dr zayas increase the likelihood of the participants obedience?

She can make sure the participants know she has a PHD from a perstegious university

Terese is working in a group and tends to exert more effort when they are individually accountable for the work than when they are working with others toward a common goal. This phenomena is the reverse of

Social loafing

Zawar is taking a research methods course and has been placed in a group of four other students to complete a semester long group research project. Zawar dislikes working in groups because they expect that one or more of the group members will not actively contribute to the project. This is also known as

Social loafing

One problem with __ that is, with generalized beliefs about groups of people is that they tend to exaggerate the differences between groups

Stereotypes

Hostilities between a riverfront community's two racial subgroups were dramatically reduced when the threat that the river would flood its banks required them to work together to save their town. This BEST illustrates the impact of

Superordinate goals

Phelan decides to make a positive change in their life. Instead of going to work with a frown on their face, they will force themself to smile when they walk in the door. This is likely to change their mood according to

The attitudes-follow-behavior principle

If a lion sees another member of its pride yawn, it becomes at least 100 times more likely to yawn itself in the next 3 minutes. This BEST illustrates

The chameleon effect

The belief that an individual "must have done something" to be arrested by law enforcement officers best illustrates

The just world phenomenon

If people are asked how much they like various letters of the alphabet, they tend to say they prefer the letters found in their own names. This best illustrates the impact of

The mere exposure effect

Savanna's friends ask them to engage in some activities. Savanna feels pressure to join them even though the activities might not be in their best interest. Which statement is NOT a reason strengthening their conformity to the group

They feel a strong sense of individual self when in the group

Which question would a social psychologist be LEAST likely to research?

What factors are related to the development of schizophrenia?

___ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy

aggression

Altruism is best described as

behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others

The university students charged the field after the game in response to their teams loss. They vandalized the opposing teams field, and the police had to be called. This behavior is best understood in terms of

deindividuation