Psychology Ch. 2

Harry has been having problems eating lately and his doctor thinks it is likely because the neurotransmitter that regulates this behavior is probably not performing properly. If the doctor wants to increase the activity of this neurotransmitter, he will MOST likely prescribe Harry a drug that acts as a(n):

Agonist

L-Dopa is a drug given to individuals with Parkinson's disease. This drug helps with the symptoms of the disease because it is a(n) ___________ for dopamine.

Agonist

Neurotransmitters are similar to hormones because both:

Allow for chemical communication

Drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter are called:

Antagonists

Dr. Soto has been studying neurons for many years. He is most interested in the transmission speeds of action potentials, and so he carefully studies_________, which are the tube-like extensions of the cell body.

Axons

If the neurotransmitter dopamine is released into the synapse, and the receiving dendrites have dopamine and serotonin receptors, the dopamine:

Can bind only to the dopamine receptors.

A basketball star's ability to dribble the ball down the court, jump up toward the basket, and dunk the basketball can be credited to an area of the hindbrain called the:

Cerebellum

Ever since having a brain disease, Chung has trouble coordinating movement such as walking and balancing his body. The area of Changs brain most likely damaged was the

Cerebellum

Last night in class, Dylan learned about the brain. Her instructor was describing a structure that is located behind the brain stem, which is important for muscle coordination and balance. Her instructor was discussing the:

Cerebellum

The idea that specific mental and psychological functions are located in specific brain areas is called:

Cortical localization

Dr. Snell studies the part of the brain that is active when people are lying. She asks half of her participants to tell the truth about an event from their childhoods and half to tell a lie about an event from their childhoods. She wants to use the least invasive method of brain imaging that will show activity in the brain. Which brain imaging technique should she employee in order to detect which brain areas are active when the participants are lying?

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Paul is learning a great deal about the brains ability to heal, grow new connections, and re-organize in order to adapt to the environment. As Paul learns about and memorizes this information, it is likely that_____is occurring in the brain

Functional plasticity

Jaquan suffers from epilepsy because of too much glutamate. His doctor may prescribe a drug containing______because this type of neurotransmitter inhibits information transmission.

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

The messages of the endocrine system are delivered by:

Hormones

How does the spinal cord communicate with the rest of the body without involving the brain?

It communicates by the pathway from sensory neuron to interneuron to motor neuron.

What is the function of the medulla?

It is a structure that oversees vital functions, including breathing and heart rate.

Bailey's doctor has scheduled her for a scan to look only at her brain structure(soft tissue). In meeting with her the morning of the skin, her doctor explained to her that this will be a non-invasive procedure, during which Bailey will lie inside a magnetic to receive powerful but harmless magnetic fields to her brain. Bailey is scheduled to receive a(n):

MRI

Most psychological processes involve:

Multiple areas of the brain

At the resting potential, the inside of the neuron naturally has a(n) ____________ charge.

Negative

Emily floats a note across the river to Dylan instead of directly passing it from her hand to Dylan's hand. If, in this scenario, the river represents the synapse, which component of the scenario represents the neurotransmitter?

Note

Samantha has just given birth to her first baby and has started breast-feeding. Samantha has her____ gland to thank for producing prolactin and oxytocin to stimulate her milk production and for the let- down reflex.

Pituitary

Kenneth is reading about the brain and learns that the occipital lobe includes the:

Primary visual cortex

If a neuron was compared with a prison, the sodium ions could be compared with the_____when the neuron is at the resting potential.

Prisoners

The original study of the effects that a deprived or enriched environment had on the brain was conducted with:

Rats

If a researcher electrically stimulates the______in an animal, it will affect animals alertness and attention.

Reticular formation

The somatic nervous system includes the_____neurons that carry messages from the body to central nervous system.

Sensory

Nina was almost hit by a bus. However, she is OK and her parasympathetic system is responding accordingly. It is:

Slowing her heart rate and activating her digestion.

Picking up a cup of coffee from a table is possible because of the:

Somatic nervous system

Maria's instructor is talking about a very unusual surgery that is used as a last resort for drug-resistant seizures. This procedure is used to disconnect the right and left hemispheres by cutting the corpus callosum, and is known as the :

Split-brain operation

Mason sees a large dog running toward him and is frightened. The division of his nervous system most likely activated is the____nervous system.

Sympathetic

A neuron in your body is exposed to an excitatory message. What will likely happen?

Your neuron is more likely to generate an action potential.

Which division of the nervous system will slow heart rate after running a marathon?

parasympathetic

Since a cat is a mouse's natural predator, if a cat is introduced into the mouse's cage, but the mouse does not exhibit any fear, there is a good chance that the mouse has experienced damage to or loss of its:

Amygdala

Mark has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His psychiatrist suspects that his condition is caused by an excessive amount of dopamine in various regions of the brain. He prescribes an antipsychotic drug that will reduce his symptoms by reducing the amount of dopamine in his brain. This drug is likely a(n) ___________ for dopamine.

Antagonist

Signal reception is to the_______as signal transmission is to the____________.

Dendrite; Axon

Support cells that assist neurons by providing structural support, nutrition, and removal of cell waste are called ________ cells.

Glial

Nicole went to the doctor because she suffered a seizure while she was at work. She was happy to hear the doctor tell her that the seizure came from too much at the neurotransmitter(s)______, and not from a particular brain area

Glutamate

Lately, Kenneth has not been eating or drinking very much because he never feels hungry or thirsty. It is possible that Kenneth is having a problem with his:

Hypothalamus

The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the

Hypothalamus

Damage to this area of the brain can be deadly, as this structure controls heart rate, respiration, and circulation.

Medulla

Newly generated neurons join existing neural networks and may play a key role in learning and______.

Memory

Wesley is studying for his final exam in psychology. The chapter on biology and behavior has a lot of terms to remember. He thinks he can remember the nodes of Ranvier because he has a clear mental image of the gaps between segments of the____on axons.

Myelin sheath

After a police car with flashing lights and a blaring siren passes him and pulls over another driver for speeding, Jerry's heartbeat soon slows down, his blood pressure decreases, and he stops sweating so much. These common physical reactions are most directly regulated by his:

Parasympathetic nervous system

10 year old Leticia has grown 3 inches in the past year. Leticia has her_________ gland to thank for producing the growth hormone that triggered her jump in height.

Pituitary

Rochelle has to walk down a dark alley to get to her house. One night, a cat knocks over a trashcan as Rachelle walks by, startling her. which division of her nervous system is most likely activated?

Sympathetic

Libby is reading about language comprehension in the processing of auditory stimuli. She learns how studies of primate vocalizations support the notion that the ability to recognize language has evolved over time and is processed within the:

Temporal lobes

The occipital lobe is to____ as the parietal lobe is to _____.

Vision; touch

Davis has an appointment to see Dr. Myers, who is a specialist at using brain imaging. Davis is non-invasive brain scan will involve line and a scanner while electromagnetic signals track changes in his brain's blood flow and metabolic activity. Based on this information, it can be concluded that Davis will undergo a(n):

fMRI

Presynaptic neuron is to postsynaptic neuron as:

message-sending neuron is to message-receiving neuron.

____________ are located on dendrites of a receiving neuron and allow the binding of neurotransmitters, which initiate or prevent a new signal.

receptors

In some psychology experiments, participants are presented with conflicting visual and audio information. In these cases, an area of the brain called the _____ gives more or less weight to these signals, determining which information overrides the other.

thalamus