Psychology ch 4, 15, 16 (multi choice)

Dissociative identity disorder mainly involves ________. a. depersonalization b. derealization c. schizophrenia d. different personalities

d. different personalities

John was drug-free for almost six months. Then he started hanging out with his addict friends, and he has now started abusing drugs again. This is an example of ________. a. release b. reversion c. re-addiction d. relapse

d. relapse

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. B. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. C. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. D. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis.

A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS? A. above average birth weight B. hyperthermia C. premature birth D. smoking in the home

A. above average birth weight

In a study of several thousand women, it was found that rates of bulimia nervosa was more prevalent among _________ women when compared to non-Hispanic whites. A. Eastern and Western European B. Hispanic and African American C. Native American and Pacific Islander D. Hispanic and Asian-American

B. Hispanic and African American

Which theory of dreams suggested that they do not, in fact, have any meaning at all but rather are simply the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural firing that occurs while we sleep? A. The neo-dissociationist view B. The activation-synthesis model C. The activation-information-mode model D. The wish fulfillment approach

B. The activation-synthesis model

. ________theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist. A. cognitive behavioral B. dissociative C. Jungian D. social-cognitive

B. dissociative

In Medieval times, what would be the most likely form of treatment for someone suffering the symptoms of a psychological illness? A. bloodletting B. exorcism C. trephination D. the "spinning technique"

B. exorcism

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)? A. crying while asleep B. kicking and punching while asleep C. snoring while asleep D. talking while asleep

B. kicking and punching while asleep

Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________. A. auditory hallucinations B. manic episodes C. paranoia D. visual hallucinations

B. manic episodes

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________. A. insomnia B. narcolepsy C. night terrors D. restless leg syndrome

B. narcolepsy

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so frequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify? A. physical dependence B. psychological dependence C. synergistic effects D. polysubstance abuse disorder

B. psychological dependence

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer? A. Carl Jung B. John Hobson C. Rosalind Cartwright D. Sigmund Freud

C. Rosalind Cartwright

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________. A. chromotropes B. chronologies C. chronotypes D. chromatins

C. chronotypes

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her distorted ways of thinking and self-defeating actions by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. systematic desensitization B. classical conditioning counseling C. cognitive-behavioral therapy D. client-centered therapy

C. cognitive-behavioral therapy

Anti-anxiety agents work by ________. A. altering levels of neurotransmitters B. blocking the neurotransmitter dopamine C. depressing central nervous system activity D. improving the ability to focus on tasks

C. depressing central nervous system activity

. Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content. A. biological B. circadian C. latent D. manifest

C. latent

In Freud's model of dreams, the hidden meaning of a dream is called the ________ content. A. ego-driven B. preconscious C. latent D. manifest

C. latent

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness. A. cognizance B. insomnia C. meditation D. narcolepsy

C. meditation

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________. A. falls asleep in the middle of the day B. sleeps more than 12 hours in a 24-hour period C. suffers from chronic sleep deprivation D. suffers from insomnia due to large amounts of debt

C. suffers from chronic sleep deprivation

. Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false? A. It can result in sleeping problems. B. It refers to a work schedule that changes from early to late on a regular basis. C. It renders the maintenance of a normal circadian cycle difficult. D. It carries a much higher risk of leading to substance abuse.

D. It carries a much higher risk of leading to substance abuse.

In the harmful dysfunction definition of psychological disorders, dysfunction involves ________. a. the inability of an psychological mechanism to perform its function b. the breakdown of social order in one's community c. communication problems in one's immediate family d. all the above

a. the inability of an psychological mechanism to perform its function

The diathesis-stress model presumes that psychopathology results from ________. a. vulnerability and adverse experiences b. biochemical factors c. chemical imbalances and structural abnormalities in the brain d. adverse childhood experiences

a. vulnerability and adverse experiences

Joey was convicted of domestic violence. As part of his sentence, the judge has ordered that he attend therapy for anger management. This is considered ________ treatment. a. involuntary b. voluntary c. forced d. mandatory

a. involuntary

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy? A. behavior affects social interaction B. emotions affect thoughts C. social interaction affects emotions D. thoughts affect actions

D. thoughts affect actions

Mood stabilizers, such as lithium, are used to treat ________. a. anxiety disorders b. depression c. bipolar disorder d. ADHD

c. bipolar disorder

. Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children? A. They decrease neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with hyperactivity. B. They decrease neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control. C. They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with emotions. D. They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.

D. They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this? A. all-or-nothing thinking B. beating a dead horse C. jumping to conclusions D. overgeneralization

D. overgeneralization

Shoresh suggests that Ted cluck like a chicken during the hypnosis not because he is experiencing an altered state of consciousness but because he is playing the role of a hypnotized person. This is a good example of the ________ theory of hypnosis. A. cognitive-behavioral B. dissociative C. hypnotic mediation D. social-cognitive

D. social-cognitive

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________. A. can be coerced into harming themselves and others by a skilled hypnotist B. report no memory of the events that occurred during the period they were hypnotized C. usually do not have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are not in control of their own behaviors D. usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

D. usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

How long does traditional psychoanalysis typically take? A. months B. one week of intensive sessions C. weeks D. years

D. years

The idea behind ________ is that how you think determines how you feel and act. a. cognitive therapy b. cognitive-behavioral therapy c. behavior therapy d. client-centered therapy

a. cognitive therapy

Which of the following best illustrates a compulsion? a. mentally counting backward from 1,000 b. persistent fear of germs c. thoughts of harming a neighbor d. falsely believing that a spouse has been cheating

a. mentally counting backward from 1,000

Dissociative amnesia involves ________. a. memory loss following head trauma b. memory loss following stress c. feeling detached from the self d. feeling detached from the world

b. memory loss following stress

Suicide rates are ________ among men than among women, and they are ________ during the winter holiday season than during the spring months. a. higher; higher b. lower; lower c. higher; lower d. lower; higher

c. higher; lower

A study of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia found that the adoptees were most likely to develop schizophrenia ________. a. if their childhood friends later developed schizophrenia b. if they abused drugs during adolescence c. if they were raised in a disturbed adoptive home environment d. regardless of whether they were raised in a healthy or disturbed home environment

c. if they were raised in a disturbed adoptive home environment