Psychology Chap. 5

Sleepwalking

A parasomnia that occurs during stage 4 sleep, usually in children; most often consists of sitting up in bed.

Conciousness

A person's awareness of feelings, sensations, and thoughts at a given moment.

Polysomnograph

A device that amplifies and records signals associated with physiological change that occur during a night in a sleep laboratory.

Daydreaming

A form of consciousness involving fantasies, usually spontaneous, that occurs while a person is awake.

Dream

A succession of predominantly visual images experienced during sleep.

Latent Content

According to Freud, the deeper underlying meaning of a dream, connected by symbols to the manifest content.

Manifest Content

According to Freud, the dream as reported by the dreamer.

REM Rebound

An increase in the typical amount of REM sleep following reduction of REM sleep owing to sleep deprivation or the use of certain drugs that reduce REM sleep.

Enuresis

Bedwetting, a sleep disorder that occurs mainly in children and is considered a disorder of arousal that is likely to improve with the maturation of the CNS.

Insomnia

Complaints of difficulty falling or stating asleep, frequent awakenings, or poor quality sleep.

Slow-Wave Sleep

Deep sleep of NREM stages 3 and 4, characterized by delta waves.

Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis

Explanations of dreams that suggests that they result when the cortex seeks to explain the high level of neuronal activity during REM sleep.

Nightmare

Frightening dream that usually awakens a sleeper from REM sleep; occurs most often in children ages 3-6.

Circadian Rythm

Internal biological change that occur on a daily schedule.

Sleep Terror

Partial awakening from Stage 4 sleep characterized by loud screams and extreme physiological arousal.

Narcolepsy

Sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and attacks of muscle weakness (cataplexy) induce by emotion, as well as hypnagogic hallucinations; the symptoms are due to the intrusion of REM sleep into waking time.

Sleep Apnea

Sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep; most prevalent in older, overweight men.

Hypersomias

Sleep disorders characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness.

Parasomnias

Sleep disorders, other than insomnia and hypersomnia, that occur more often in children and often disappear without treatment.

Rapid-Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

Sleep stage characterized by rapid eye movements, dreams, high levels of brain activity, and muscle paralysis.

Non-REM (NREM) Sleep

Sleep stages 1,2,3, and 4; NREM sleep consists primarily of stages 3 and 4 (deep sleep) early in the night and stage 2 later on.

Dissociation

Splitting on conscious awareness that is believed to play a role in hypnotic pain reduction.

Hypnosis

State of heightened susceptibility to suggestions.

Jet Lag

Temporary maladjustment that occurs when a change of time zones causes biological rhythms to be out of step with local time zones.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

The unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant up to age 1 that is not explained by autopsy, medical case information, or an investigation of the death scene.