Psychology Chapter 1-2

Which saying best fits gestalt psychology?

"The whole is other than the sum of its parts." -Koffka

The Seaworld animal trainers use rewards (reinforcements) to teach whales, sea lions and dolphins to perform tricks. These training techniques are based on principles from which early school of psychology?

Behaviorism

Which psychological domain would include a study of memory and intelligence?

Cognitive

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

Developmental

________ (IRB) reviews research that is conducted using human participants

Institutional Review Board

In order for an experiment to be considered fair, ________.

all data should be considered when evaluating a hypothesis

Marquesas is suffering from anxiety. According to the ________ model, her illness is probably determined by psychological, biological, and social factors.

biopsychosocial

Observational research that focuses on just one individual or a group of people is called a(n) ________.

case study

________ psychologists emphasized the importance of thoughts and internal mental states instead of just observable actions.

cognitive

In order to study the cause and effect relationship between two variables, a researcher must perform what type of study?

correlational

Suzanne is interested in understanding the relationship between hours spent watching t.v. and student grades in elementary school. What type of study might she perform?

correlational

According to the text, psychology students are most likely to benefit from exposure to

critical thinking skills and evaluating information.

A psychology class participates in an experiment measuring bystander intervention at the mall. They tell people the experiment is about fashion trends, but during the study, there is a simulated situation where a bystander needs help. The team collects data on the number of times a subject intervenes to help, then thanks participants for their time. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study.

debrief participants; deception

Preliminary, non-experimental, research that gathers information about behavior is called ________ research.

descriptive

If an experimenter performs an experiment then follows the same methods to conduct the experiment two more times, and gets the same results each time, then there is a high probability that the study ________

does replicate

According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following is a way to access the unconscious mind?

dream analysis

Humanism, which developed as a reaction to the behaviorism and psychodynamic schools of psychology, emphasized that ________.

each person is inherently good and motivated to be a healthy functioning individual

Social psychology is the study of

how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others

The ________ is controlled by the experimenter.

independent variable

In order for an experiment to be considered verifiable, ________.

it must be replicable by another researcher

A negative correlation means ________.

one variable decreases as the other increases

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

Stuart wants to study whether there is a relationship between the number of hours a high school senior spends on social networking sites and their grade point average. He obviously cannot study every 12th grader, so instead, he will select a smaller ________ of seniors to study.

sample

When the findings in a research study are believed to be due to an actual phenomenon under investigation and not due to chance or random occurrence, this is called ________.

statistical significance

________ is the name for Wundt's approach of asking patients to look inward and describe their feelings in order to understand consciousness.

structuralism

Cognitive psychology focuses on

studying thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and actions

A researcher investigates the effects of room temperature on test performance as measured by participants' test scores. In this experiment, the dependent variable is ________.

test performance

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________.

the mind and behavior

A correlation coefficient can indicate ________.

the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables

The psychodynamic school of psychology emphasizes ________.

the unconscious and early childhood experiences

A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

theory

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

using a hierarchy of human to explain motivation