Psychology Chapter 1, 2, 4

Stimulants

"Uppers" activate the CNS (caffeine, Nicotine, amphetamines, ecstasy, cocaine)

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic

Dreams are disguised symbols (manifest and latent content) of repressed desires and anxieties.

Cognitive

Dreams help sift and sort everyday experiences (information processing)

Antagonist

Drug that blocks a neurotransmitters effects.

Agonist

Drug that mimics or increases a neurotransmitters effects.

Humanistic

Emphasizes a person's positive qualities, the capacity for the positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny.

Psychodynamic

Emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives and society's demands, and early childhood family experiences. (Freedman Freud)

Experimental

Establishes cause and effect.......explanation.

Correlational

Examines the relationships between variables, whose purpose is to examine whether and how two variables change together.

Axon

Exits

We only use 10% of out brains?

False

Wilhelm Wundt

Father of psychology.

Structuralism

Focused on the consciousness and the structure of the mind using introspection.

Temporal lobes

Hearing, language comprehension, memory, and some emotional control. Wernicke's area, Wernicke's aphasia. By ears.

Myelin sheath

Insulation for the axon

Left Brain

Language function, analytical....controls right side of the body.

Frontal lobes

Motor control, speech production, and higher functions (thinking, personality,emotion, and memory). Broca's area, Broca's aphasia.

Neurons

Nerve cell that handles the information processing function.

Right Brain

Nonverbal, synthetic....controls left side of the body.

Stem Cell

Precursor (immature) cells that give birth to new specialized cells.

Biological

Random stimulation of brain cells (activation-synthesis theory)

Sympathetic Nervous System

Readies the body to respond to threat; arouses; fight or flight.

Dendrites

Receive signals

Insomnia

Repeated difficulty falling or staying asleep or awakening too early.

Higher level consciousness/Controlled processes

Require focused attention.

Lower level /Automatic processes

Require minimal attention.

Cerebral cortex

Responsible for all the higher mental processes and is divided into four sections.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Responsible for calming the body and conserving energy; calms.

Sociocultural

Studies the ways in which social and cultural environment influence behavior.

Sleep Apnea

Temporary stopping of breathing during sleep.

Nervous syetem

The body's electrochemical communication circuitry.

Central Nervous System

The brain and spinal cord; processes and organizes information reflexes.

Neuroscience

The field that studies the nervous system.

Psychology

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Hypnosis

Trancelike state of heightened suggestibility deep relaxation and intense focus.

Occipital lobes

Vision and visual perception. Located in the back of the head under the cerebellum.

Circadian rhythms

Biological changes that occur on a 24-hour cycle; involves the sleep/wake cycle, body temperature blood, blood pressure and blood sugar level.

Addiction

Broad term referring to feelings of compulsion.

Corpus callosum

Bundle of nerve, fibers connecting the brain's left and right hemisphere.

Physical dependence

Change in bodily processes due to continued drug use that results in withdrawal symptoms when the drug is withheld.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses. It can trigger the release of substances in the blood vessels of the brain that in turn cause the pain of a migraine. It's also key to mood regulation; pain perception; gastrointestinal function, including perception of hunger and satiety; and other physical functions.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals manufactured and releases day neurons that alter activity in other neurons, which thereby affects behavior and mental processes.

Tolerance

Decreased sensitivity to a drug due to its continuous use.

What are the four goals of psychology

Description, explanation, prediction, and change

Withdrawal

Discomfort and distress after stopping addictive drugs.

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

A small brain structure that uses input from the retina to synchronize its own rhythm with the daily cycle of light and dark; the body's way of monitoring the change from day to night.

REM Sleep

A stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movement, high-frequency brain waves, paralysis of large muscles and dreaming.

Plasticity

Adaptable

Endorphins

Any of a group of peptides occurring in the brain and other tissues of vertebrates and resembling opiates, that react with the brains opiate receptors to raise the pain threshold. (Block Pain)

Consciousness

Awareness of one's self and surroundings.