Psychology Chapter 1

A _____ has a medical degree and is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.

Psychiatrist

What is the main advantage of laboratory observation?

The degree of control it gives the researcher

Sasha sat in the preschool classroom and watched the children play, writing down how well they interacted with each other. The children could see that Sasha was watching them, so they made an attempt to be extra well-behaved for her. Sasha research will be impacted by:

The observer effect

________ focuses on how people think, remember, store and use information

cognitive psychlogy

In the field of psychology, statistics are primarily used to

collect and analyze data

Dr. Edwards wants to show a casual relationship between tobacoo smoking and cancer. Dr. Edwards should:

conduct an experiment using animal participants

Mrs. lewis participated in a study in which she was given no treatment for her condition. Mrs. lewis was in the ______ group.

control

By making a loud noise when "Little Albert" was presented with a rat, John Watson taught the baby to fear rats. This proved that

rat, John Watson taught the baby to fear rats. This proved that Phobias could be learned through conditioning

All of the following statements about surveys are true

researches can get a tremendous amount of data on a very large group of people, it is difficult to word survey questions so they will be understood the same way by all who read them, the order of the questions in the survey can affect its outcome. survey questions can be written in such a way that the desired answer becomes obvious

Which of the following is a reason researches prefer to use animals in experiments instead of humans?

studying long term effects is much easier

What did Watson believe about behavior?

that it is learned

Dr. Beliose is conducting an experimental study where she gives different amounts of tutoring help to students and then measures their performance on exams. What is the independent variable in this study?

the amount of tutoring received

____________ is the rule of thumb stating that if there are two explanations for a phenomenon, the simplest explanation is more often the best one.

the law of parsimony

Correlation will tell researchers all of the following

the number that represents the relationship, if there is a relationship, in what direction the relationship goes, how strong the relationship is

If there is ________ in a medical experiment, the control group will show changes in the dependent variable even if they are given a harmless substitute rather than a real drug.

the placebo effect

Because Psychologists want to be precise and measure as carefully as they can, they use _____ to study psychology

the scientific method

Researchers use _____ for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data.

the scientific method

The four goals of psychology are accomplished through:

the scientific method

If a researcher is observing a third grade classroom in full view of the students and finds that all the students are extremely quiet, polite, and attentive, what would the researcher be not likely to conclude?

the students behavior is due to the observer effect

In a negative correlation

the two variables have an inverse relationship

If correlation coefficient is positive

the two variables increase in the same direction

In an experiment, it is best to divide participants into the control or experimental group by:

using random assignment

Anne is 45 years old and is suffering from hot flashes and extreme moodiness. From a _______ perspective, Anna's symptoms can be attributed to menopause.

Biopsychological

Today, Gestalt psychology ideas are part of which branch of psychology?

Cognitive Psychology

How was humanism differ from psychodynamic theory and behaviorism?

Humanism focuses on peoples ability to direct their own lives

Who was the first female president of the American Psychological Association?

Mary whiton

Which of the following is a guideline for doing research with people?

Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision about participation

What type of table or graph represents the data in a frequency distribution in much the same way as a bar graph but allows the shape of the data set to be easily viewed?

Polygon

Mrs. O'Connor participated in a study in which she was told she would try out a new allergy medicine. She was in the group that received a sugar pill but she believed that the pill did indeed help control her allergy symptoms. This phenomenon is known as:

The placebo effect

If a researcher finds that peoples shoe sizes increase as their height increases, then shoe size and height have:

a positive correlation

Dr. James wanted to determine what would happen if rats were given food every time they completed a maze. He believed they would learn to complete the maze faster. This belie if called

a prediction

A drug company conducts a study in which the experimenter gives had of the participants the drug being tested and the other half a placebo. This is an example of

a single blind study

In testing whether viewing violence on television causes children to to behave in increasing violent ways , the best method would be:

an experiment

John Watson believed that phobias:

are learned through the process of conditioning

According the the behavioral perspective, a child who tries and is rewarded by getting his mothers attention will:

cry again in the future

If deception is necessary, participants must then be ______ after the study.

debriefed

A drug company is determining the effects of a treatment for depression. Neither the researcher nor the participants know who is getting the treatment and who is being given a sugar pill. This type of study id:

double blind

The psychological perspective that is associated with William James is:

functionalism

Annabeth believed that psychology should focus on the purpose of the mind- how it allows us to work, play and adapt to our surroundings. Annabeth would be most aptly describes as a

functionalist

Freud believed that personality was formed?

in the first 6 years of life

Freud's theory of psychoanalysis

is still in use by professionals today, with less emphasis on sex and sexual motivations

Wundt referred to the process of examining and measuring ones own thoughts and mental activities as:

objective introspection

Researches who allow their expectations about what they will see to affect the results of their observation studies are suffering from:

observer bias

When Mary took the survey in the mall, she noticed that the interviewer was wearing an Obama button. She answered the questions more favorably toward Obama than she might otherwise have, probably because

of courtesy bias

A doctor informs the parents of a 14 year old that, without hospitalization, her anorexia nervosa will worsen and cause grave medical conditions. the doctor is making a

prediction

Grover, who lives in Pennsylvania , has been feeling very sad lately and has decided to see a mental health professional in order to receive a prescription for some antidepressant medications. He will also engage in psychotherapy with this individual. Grover is most likely to visit a ________.

psychiatrist

Which of the following psychological professionals must always have a medical degree?

psychiatrist

Mary is a psychologist who focusses on the role of the conscious and unconscious minds. To which perspective does Mary ascribe?

psychodynamic

Experimenters control the effects of a extraneous or cofounding variables upon members of experimental and control groups by using

random assignment

Which of the following illustrates psychology's goal of control?

using rewards to help a smoker give up cigarettes