Psychology chapter 1 and 2

detailed information

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments. A.control B.double-blind C.pilot D.randomly assigned

Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent? A.explaining the hypothesis to the participants B.letting participants know that participation is voluntary C.obtaining the participant's signature or a signature from the parent or guardian if the participant is a minor D.reviewing that data is confidential

explaining the hypothesis to the participants

What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology? A.human resources B.marketing C.mid- and top-level management D.social work

mid- and top-level management

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________. A.only behavior B.only the mind C.the mind and behavior D.the soul, the mind, and behavior

the mind and behavior

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time. A.archival B.correlational C.cross-sectional D.longitudinal

longitudinal

designing, conducting, and reviewing

A major advantage of case studies is ________. A.detailed information B.generalizability C.large sample size D.quick data collection

Why is psychology considered a social science? A.Because psychologists study groups and how groups interact. B.Because psychology is not considered a hard science. C.Behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others. D.Behavior is unpredictable, so scientists study it.

Behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others.

The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment. A.alternate experimental B.control C.dependent D.independent

Control

A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena. A.conclusion B.hypothesis C.operational definition D.theory

Ethics need to be considered when ________ scientific research. A.conducting and reviewing B.designing and reviewing C.designing, conducting, and reviewing D.reviewing and publishing

Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist? A.John Watson B.Sigmund Freud C.Wilhelm Wundt D.William James

John Watson

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail. A.archival research B.case studies C.surveys D.university experiments

Surveys

double-blind

The only way to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables is to conduct a(n) ________. A.detailed literature search B.experiment C.study D.survey

A basic experiment involves a minimum of ________ participant group(s). A.one B.two C.three D.four

Two

experiment

________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure. A.generalizability B.operational definition C.reliability D.validity

________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships. A.archival B.correlational C.experimental D.survey

archival

A(n) ________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship. A.confounding variable B.control variable C.dependent variable D.independent variable

confounding variable

Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify? A.biopsychology B.developmental psychology C.personality psychology D.sensation and perception

developmental psychology

Which of the following is a scientific way of determining facts? A.common opinions B.empirical studies C.intuition D.lucky breaks

empirical studies

William James was the ________. A.author of the first psychology textbook B.father of psychology C.first American psychologist first psychoanalyst

first American psychologist

Research on ________ subjects must always involve ________. A.animal; a full debriefing B.animal; obtaining informed consent C.human; a full debriefing D.human; obtaining informed consent

human; obtaining informed consent

Behaviorists study ________. A.a person's unconscious mind B.chemical and hormonal changes C.dreams D.learned behavior

learned behavior

The empirical method of study is based on ________. A.guesswork B.observation C.practice D.statistics

observation

What is Abraham Maslow best known for? A.classical conditioning B.dream analysis C.proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior D.studying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Which of the following defines hypothesis? A.idea that proves a theory B.means of explaining social phenomena C.tentative explanation D.way of looking at the world

tentative explanation

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________. A.genetics and the effect of genetics on behavior B.sensation and the effect of culture on perception C.the effect of gender, race, and class on behavior D.thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning. A.circular B.cyclical C.perfectionistic D.unpredictable

circular

________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables. A.cause-and-effect B.correlation C.reliability D.validity

correlation

________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. A.behaviorism B.gestalt C.humanism D.structuralism

humanism

Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first? A.data collection B.experiment C.hypothesis D.observation

hypothesis

The ________ is controlled by the experimenter. A.confounding variable B.dependent variable C.independent variable D.variability

independent variable

For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________. A.conscious and unconscious B.experimental and provable C.hypothesized and theoretical D.perceivable and measurable

perceivable and measurable

Behaviorists all focus on ________. A.individual attitudes B.physiological responses that result in action C.the internal motivation for action D.the subconscious

physiological responses that result in action

________ refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. A.generalizability B.reliability C.statistical significance D.validity

reliability

Research describing a link between childhood vaccines and autism has been ________. A.confirmed by multiple studies B.found to have been based on falsified data C.published once but not confirmed D.retracted due to a financial conflict of interest by the author

retracted due to a financial conflict of interest by the author

________ are the most commonly used species for animal research. A.chimpanzees B.fruit flies C.pigs D.rodents

rodents

Psychology refers to the ________. A.empirical study of humanity B.experimental study of individuals C.scientific study of the mind and behavior D.systematic study of human interaction

scientific study of the mind and behavior

Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time? A. -ology B.hypothesis C.pseudoscience D.scientific theory

scientific theory

A(n) ________ is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two groups in a study. A.correlation coefficient B.scatterplot C.statistical analysis D.validity assessment

statistical analysis

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________. A.interpret dreams B.manipulate human behavior C.study the function of behavior D.study the structure and characteristics of the mind

study the function of behavior

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________. A.studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious B.studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests C.studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes D.studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________. A.deductive reasoning B.inductive reasoning C.the experiment D.the scientific method

the scientific method

According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________. A.dream analysis B.examination of the first words that come to someone's mind C.seemingly innocent slips of the tongue D.the use of reinforcement and punishment

the use of reinforcement and punishment

Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic observation study in driving behavior? A.assessing behaviors from a police cruiser dash cam B.having passengers rate the driver's behavior C.using footage from red light cameras D.watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets

watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets