Psychology Chapter 1 Questions

d

The person responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline with its own subject matter is a. G. Stanley b. Rene Descartes c. William James d. Wilhelm Wundt

c

contemporary psychologists generally assume that human behavior is determined by a. heredity b. environment c. heredity and environment acting jointly d. heredity, environment and free will

b

the approach that contends psychology must study internal mental events in order to fully understand behavior is a. behaviorism b. cognitive psychology c. evolutionary psychology d. humanism

c

the assertion that psychology is empirical means that psychology is based on a. introspection b. logic c. observation d. mathematics

b

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by a. unrealistic demands from family and friends b. personal conflicts existing at an unconscious level c. genetic predispositions to behave in a particular way d. conflicts between conscious desires and environmental constraints

a

Skinner would agree with all the following statements except a. all behavior is governed by external consequences b. individuals have free will c. organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes d. organisms tend not to repeat responses that lead to negative outcomes

d

With which of the following statements would a behaviorist agree? a. conscious experiences can be studied in an objective way, precise way b. in order to understand behavior, one must understand the motives behind the behavior c. behavior can be explained in terms of phenomenology, which is an individuals interpretation of experience d. psychology should be the science of behavior that can be observed by others

d

a ______ is a system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations a. model b. schema c. tautology d. theory

b

according to research findings, which of the following has been found to be associated with higher grades? a. not changing answers on tests b. attending class regularly c. writing down everything your instructor says d. putting of studying until just before the exam

c

behaviorism was founded by a. Wilhelm Wundt b. Carl Rogers c. John Watson d. Sigmund Freud

a

critical thinking includes all of the following except a. originally believing that the stated position on a topic is incorrect b. generation multiple solutions to problems c. using principles of likelihood when dealing with probabilistic events d. working systematically toward a desired goal

a

if you take a sip of a soft drink and concentrate on what you are experiencing (cold, bubbly, sweet, etc. ) you would be utilizing the technique of a. introspection b. behaviorism c. functionalism d. empiricism

b

in looking for the causes of a particular behavior, psychologists assume a. one cause or factor b. multi- factorial causation c. free will d. infinite causation

c

the most widely practiced specialization in applied psychology is _____ psychology a. industrial/organizational b. counseling c. clinical d. development

d

the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation defines a. introspection b. philosophy c. subjective d. empiricism

c

the school of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems is called______ psychology. a. developmental b. abnormal c. applied d. cognitive

c

the school of psychology that has a practical focus and is interested in how people adapt their behavior to the demands of the world is a. psychoanalysis b. behaviorism c. functionalism d. structuralism

b

the texts unifying theme that psychology is theoretically diverse implies that a. psychology has not, as yet, focused on empirical observations b. there are often several ways to interpret a set of observations c. psychology focuses on unrelated observations d. psychology is failing in the goal of being a science

c

the theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and potential for growth, is a. behaviorism b. functionalism c. humanism d. psychoanalysis

d

which of the following psychologists would most likely to stress that each person has a drive to grow and fulfill his or her own potential? a. Sigmund Freud b. B.F. Skinner c. G. Stanley Hall d. Abraham Maslow

c

which point of view emphasizes the adaptive (survival or reproductive) value of behavior? a. structuralism b. humanistic psychology c. evolutionary psychology d. existential psychology