psychology chapter 1 review questions

How old is the formal discipline of Psychological Science?

130 years old.

Krista, a philosophy major, believes the best way to gain knowledge is through rational thought. Katie, a psychology major, believes the best way to gain knowledge is through an empirical approach. Which statement is true?

Krista would agree with Plato and Katie would agree with Aristotle.

The British philosopher John Locke was best known for which of the following?

Law of Association

When and where is most accepted with respect to the founding of the academic discipline of psychological science?

Leipzig, Germany; 1879

According to the data from apa.org, where are most psychologists employed?

Universities and hospitals

What percentage of the world's population lives in extreme poverty?

Fewer than 10%

Kurt Lewin is most associated with which of the following?

Field theory

Who was the first person of color to be elected as President of the American Psychological Association?

Kenneth Clark

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychological science (and science in general)?

Diversity

The perspective of functionalism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

E. B. Titchener

Which of the following individuals brought Wundt's psychology of Structuralism to America and enhanced the use of the technique of introspection?

E. B. Titchener

Who was Wilhelm Wundt's famous friend whose work on psychiatric diagnoses provided the groundwork for today's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders?

Emil Kraepelin

Who wrote the landmark book in 1859 On the Origin of the Species?

Charles Darwin

Whose theories gave us the single most important organizing principle in the history of science?

Charles Darwin

Pavlov's approach in which a dog could be trained to salivate to a bell is known as

Classical conditioning

Lucy is interested in doing an independent study research project in psychology. She is interested in how people think and remember in stressful situations. Lucy is most interested in which of the following

Cognitive

The _____ approach includes the scientific study of mental processes including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning.

Cognitive

Victor thinks that knowledge is best gained through empirical evidence or experimental studies. Victor's philosophy most closely resembles that of which of the following Greek philosophers?

Aristotle

Lexi is conducting research looking at the number of times a person blinks. What aspect of psychological science is she interested in studying?

Behavior

Which of the following is NOT one of the techniques to make the unconscious conscious in psychoanalysis?

Behavior analysis

George believes that people learn through exposure to environmental factors such as education and experience. He would be most associated with which of the following approaches to psychological science?

Behaviorism

The _____ approach emphasizes the objective study of observable stimuli and responses.

Behaviorist

Luigi is a deep thinker. He notices that he can never make the same pizza pie twice as it is always changing. He thinks that the whole of the pie is greater than just eating its parts and that you could not describe his work just by knowing its ingredients. If Luigi were a psychologist, you would bet he supports:

Functionalism

Which of the following perspectives was to win out as the guiding principle of psychological science?

Functionalism

According to social psychologists when we over-attribute the causes of behavior to individual variables and overlook environmental variables, we commit which of the following?

Fundamental attribution error

The _____ branch of psychology emphasizes the positive potential of human beings and the concept of self-actualization.

Humanistic

Psychological science is the study of all of the following EXCEPT

Humans

Wundt's technique to become aware of the immediate experiences of one's consciousness is known as:

Introspection

According to the text's survey, most former BU psychology majors are:

Involved in a very wide range of careers.

Which of the following phrases best describes the history of Psychological Science?

It has a long past, but a short history

Why was the Little Albert experiment so important?

It showed that a human phobia to a white rat could be classically conditioned.

Laura believes that not only behavior is important, but also our thoughts and perceptions surrounding that behavior. Which of the following individuals would most DISAGREE with her ideas?

John B. Watson

Which of the following is NOT a personality assessment instrument designed to tap into unconscious material?

Millon Personality Inventory

Which psychological approach emphasizes the unique cultural contexts in which psychological events occur?

Multicultural

The _____ approach to psychology addresses brain structure and function.

Neuroscience

Skinner's approach in which one looked at the consequences of behavior is known as

Operant conditioning

Albert believes that with respect to learning we obtain knowledge by thinking about information rationally. His philosophy most closely resembles that of which of the following Greek philosophers?

Plato

Community psychologists are most associated with which of the following?

Prevention

The type of psychology that tries to make our unconscious awareness conscious so that one can deal with unresolved childhood conflicts is known as:

Psychoanalysis

George is interested in doing an independent study research project in psychology. He is interested in how children's toilet training might unconsciously influence their behavior later on. George is most interested in which of the following types of psychology?

Psychoanalytic

The _____ perspective emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.

Psychoanalytic

Which of the following terms describes our innate strivings to reach all of our human potentials?

Self-actualization

Jorge believes that people can best be understood by breaking down their conscious awareness into its discrete components. Jorge is most likely a supporter of which school of thought in psychology?

Structuralism

George Miller is most associated with what period in psychological science?

The cognitive revolution

What was Emil Kraepelin's view on the future relationship between psychology and psychiatry?

The methods of psychology would provide many of the answers for the problems and symptoms seen in psychiatry

According to Carl Rogers, which of the following is NOT necessarily vital for success in the psychotherapy clinic?

Therapist confidence

I opened the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany and established its first journal. The first psychology lecture I heard was the one I taught. Who am I?

Wilhelm Wundt

Who is considered the founder of the academic discipline of psychology?

Wilhelm Wundt

The perspective of structuralism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

William James

Dr. Wesley observes that Anna acts differently when she is around different students. This fits with her basic view that our behavior is highly influenced by the presence of other people. Dr. Wesley obviously is a:

social psychologist