Psychology Chapter 13 Questions

Pride that is rooted in _____ supports self-confidence and leadership, while _____ perceptions underlie conflicts such as marital discord.

Actual achievement; self-serving.

Samantha is typically described as soft-hearted, trusting, and helpful by her peers. She is likely to score high on the Big Five trait of:

Agreeableness.

Geneva has an extremely clean dorm room. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Based on this information, Geneva would MOST likely score high on a scale measuring the Big Five factor of:

Conscientiousness.

When personality traits were measured in several age groups and then measured again seven years later, researchers found a correlation of +0.3 for young children, +0.54 for collegians, and +0.73 for 70-year-olds. This suggests that:

Correlations were strongest for comparisons done in adulthood.

Bonnie is afraid to express anger toward her overbearing and irritating supervisor. Instead, she is critical of her children. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Bonnie's reaction to her children illustrates:

Displacement.

Sophia is sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures _____.

Extraversion.

The Big Five personality factor _____ involves these endpoints: sociable versus retiring and affectionate versus reserved.

Extraversion.

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait?

Factor analysis.

_____ is a statistical procedure that can be used to identify clusters of behaviors that are related to a trait.

Factor analysis.

Elijah scored high on conscientiousness when given a personality inventory. As compared to people with lower conscientiousness scores, the _____ lobe in Elijah's brain is MOST likely to be _____.

Frontal; larger.

When people's genetically influenced traits evoke specific responses from others that then nudge them in a particular direction, what is involved?

Gene-environment interaction.

Juan loves horseback riding. Which choice exemplifies a behavioral factor associated with horseback riding for Juan?

Learning how to ride horses.

Jennifer is a chain smoker. Freud would suggest that she is fixated at the _____ stage of psychosexual development.

Oral.

Dr. Chen has a patient who has lost all feeling in his left hand. To determine the cause, Dr. Chen asks the patient to relax and say whatever comes to mind, no matter what it is. Dr. Chen is:

Performing free association.

The id is to the _____ principle as the ego is to _____.

Pleasure; reality.

Unconditional _____ is an attitude of total acceptance toward another person. This attitude nurtures growth in others.

Positive regard.

Dr. Berger believes that behavior generally reflects conscious and unconscious attempts to manage conflicts and tensions of which an individual is often unaware. Dr. Berger appears to have a _____ theory of personality.

Psychodynamic.

Research supports Freud's views of these defense mechanisms.

Reaction formation and projection.

Aerial's history of romantic relationships influences her attitudes toward romantic relationships, which changes how she now responds to her current boyfriend. This is an example of:

Reciprocal determinism.

The _____ is the center of personality.

Self.

A person with very high self-esteem is likely to _____ than a person with low self-esteem.

Have fewer sleepless nights.

Even though the self-serving bias is so prevalent, people may disparage themselves because to do so:

Reinforces one's new identity.

Maria believes that she is a very bright and caring person. These qualities help make up her:

Self-concept.

A psychology instructor asks his class to write down all of their thoughts and feelings about themselves. This exercise is a way to describe their:

Self-concepts.

In a psychology class debate on the social-cognitive perspective, students need to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which potential criticism of the social-cognitive perspective might they cite?

This perspective focuses too much on the situation and fails to appreciate a person's inner traits.

Despite the prevalence of the self-serving bias, people put themselves down for different reasons. Which choice is NOT one of those reasons?

To agree with the negative comments from others.

Juan loves horseback riding. What would be an environmental factor associated with horseback riding for Juan?

Having friends that also ride horses.

Marsha just received an income tax refund of $1500. Rather than using this money for some needed expenses, she decides to go out of town. She gets a hotel room with her friends, goes out to eat, spends the day at an amusement park, and finally goes to a nightclub. She seems to be dominated by the:

Id.

Dr. Wayne states that the task of the personality psychologist is to describe the consistent and persistent patterns of behavior that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Wayne is MOST likely a _____ theorist of personality.

Trait.

According to the textbook, psychology's concern with people's sense of self dates back at LEAST to:

William James.

Lately, 5-year-old Liam has been acting strangely. He clings to his mother and expresses jealous feelings toward his father, almost as if his father is a rival for his mother's love. Freud would suggest that Liam is experiencing:

The Oedipus complex.

Freud suggested that there are three interacting systems that can explain the dynamics of the human mind:

The id, the ego, and the superego.

According to Abraham Maslow, self-actualization is a high-level psychological need. It only arises after basic psychological and physiological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved. Self-actualization refers to:

The motivation to fulfill one's potential.

After eating onions at lunch, Sheryl became very aware of her breath, and she worried that everyone else at the meeting would notice. Her reaction BEST illustrates:

The spotlight effect.

Even though Joe had been in a car accident that left him with amnesia, he was still able to remember how to do many basic tasks such as driving a car, washing his clothes, and cooking. This supports Freud's view of the role of:

The unconscious.