Psychology Chapter 2

_________ is an anthropologist who contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation. A.) Jane Goodall B.) Sigmund Freud C.) Suzanne Fanger D.) Tatiana Hogan

A) Jane Goodall

________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time. A.) attrition B.) experimenter bias C.) generalizability D.) single blinding

A) attrition

Studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants ________. A.) can sometimes be tested with animal studies B.) can only be examined using a descriptive or correlational approach C.) are used to form strong opinions that are logical and intuitive D.) are not possible to test with any form of empirical methods

A) can sometimes be tested with animal studies

Which word is the most appropriate synonym for the term validity? A.) consistency B.) applicability C.) accuracy D.) repetition

C) accuracy

What kind of research is Saanvi conducting if she tracks six groups of participants, each group a different age, over several years, assessing them on her variable of interest once every six months? A.) correlation B.) sequential C.) cross-sectional D.) longitudinal

C) cross-sectional

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design A.) cross sectional B.) experimental C.) longitudinal D.) survey

C) longitudinal

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________. A.) inter-rater reliability B.) standardization C.) replication D.) validity

C) replication

_________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail. A.) archival research B.) case studies C.) surveys D.) university experiments

C) surveys

A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the _________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable. A.) control; experimental B.) dependent; independent C.) experimental; control D.) independent; dependent

D) independent; dependent

_______ are the most common used species for animal research. A.) elephants B.) birds C.) cats and dogs D.) rodents

D) rodents

Psychological knowledge is advances through a process known as ________, which involves a prescribed series of steps designed to achieve the desired knowledge. A) deductive reasoning B) inductive reasoning C) the experiment D) the scientific method

D) the scientific method

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that A.) smoking causes lung cancer B.) smoking contributes to lung cancer C.) there is a predisposition toward both smoking and lung cancer D.) there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

D) there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of _________. A.) confirmation bias B.) confounding variable C.) correlational research D.) observer bias

A) confirmation bias

Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent? A.) explaining the hypothesis to the participants B.) letting participation is voluntary C.) obtaining the participant's signature or a signature from the parent or guardian if the participant is a minor. D.) reviewing that data is confidential

A) explaining the hypothesis to the participants

In an experiment, the variable that is controlled or manipulated by the researcher is called the _______ variable. A.) independent B.) dependent C.) correlational D.) experimental

A) independent

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments. A.) control B.) double-blind C.) pilot D.) randomly assigned

B) double-blind

_________ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers. A.) attrition B.) inter-rater reliability C.) a control group D.) validity

B) inter-rater reliability

A negative correlation means _________. A.) a third variable eliminates a correlation relationship B.) one variable decreases as the other decreases C.) there is a relationship between two variables, but it is not statistically significant D.) two variables increase together, but they are associated with an undesirable outcome

B) one variable decreases as the other decreases

The ________ effect occurs when a person's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation. A.) Rhino B.) Placebo C.) Rorschach D.) Cosmos

B) placebo

The ability of a research study or psychological instrument to consistently produce a given result is called ______. A.) validity B.) reliability C.) standardization D.) operationalization

B) reliability