Psychology Chapter 5

Predict

Rescorla found that the CS must __________ the UCS for conditioning to take place

Dog food; a Frisbee

To a dog, _______ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ________ is an example of a secondary

Attention, Memory, Imitation, Desire

What is the correct sequence of the four elements of observational learning?

The CS and the UCS must come close together in time

Which of the following statements is essential to classical conditioning?

Kohler's Insight Theory

Which theory is commonly referred to as the "aha!" phenomenon?

Applied Behavior Analysis

Agatha observes a child to see what purpose a disruptive classroom behavior serves, and identifies a new placement behavior. She then implements a training program for the new behavior, reinforcing often at the simplest levels and gradually removing reinforcers as the child demonstrates the behavior independently.

Vicarious Classical Conditioning

As a young child, Tony frequently observed his older sisters jump around and scream whenever any of them saw a spider, as they were very afraid of them. Subsequently, Tony experiences feelings of fear whenever he sees a spider. This is an example of

Learning/Performance Distinction

Bandura's studies found that learning can take place without actual performance. What is this referred to as?

Cindy will probably get nauseated the next time she tries to eat cheesy tacos

Cindy had cheesy tacos at a local Mexican restaurant. Later, she became terribly ill and suffered bouts of nausea and vomiting. What might we predict based on conditioned taste aversion research?

Had already learned the maze in the first 9 days

In Tolman's maze study, the fact that the group of rats receiving reinforcement only after day 10 of the study solved the maze far more quickly than did the rats who had been reinforced from the first day can be interpreted to mean that these particular rats

The White Rat

In Watson's experiment with "Little Albert," the conditioned stimulus was

Law of Effect

John get compliments from Carla for wearing a nice shirt. Subsequently, John wears the shirt whenever he thinks he will be seeing Carla. What is this an example of?

A relatively permanent change in behavior

Learning can be best described as

Conditioned Stimulus

Michael noticed that whenever he moved his dog's food dish, his dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry and excited. He reasoned that because he feeds the dog using that dish, the sound of the dish had become a(n)

Biofeedback; Brain Activity

Neurofeedback is a form of _________________ and works to change a person's ___________________ through a series of reinforcements

Variable Interval

Joe owned a small repairer shop. Each day, he would check the mail to see if any of his customers mailed in a payment for the work he had done for them. Some days, he would receive a check or two. At other times he would have to wait days before getting another payment. What schedule of reinforcement is evident here?

Negative Reinforcement

Edgar cannot sleep because he is terribly worried about his research paper. So Edgar decides to get out of bed and continue working on the paper. Although he stays up to nearly 3am, he is relieved that it is done and easily falls off to sleep. In the future, Edgar will be more likely to finish his work before going to bed so that he can avoid the worry and sleeplessness. This is an example of

Stimulus Generalization

Ever since she was scared by dogs as a young child, Angelica has been afraid of all dogs. The fact that she is not only afraid of the original dog, but all types of dogs is an example of _____________ ______________.

Latent Learning

Lisa's parents have decided to take a 3 -week trip to Europe. Consequently, Lisa's mother will not be able to make her famous pies for the upcoming bake sale. When her mother encourages Lisa to bake the pies herself, Lisa panics at first but then she finds that she knows how to put the recipe together. Her ability to prepare the recipe is an example of

Punishment By Removal

Little Jimmie's mother was upset to find that Jimmie had not picked up his building blocks after repeated requests to do so. The next morning, Jimmie found all his blocks had been picked up and put into a bag on the top of the refrigerator. Jimmie's mother told him that he couldn't play with his blocks for the next two days. Which type of discipline did she use?

Token Economy

Tabitha signed up for a new credit card that offers reward miles for every purchase. Tabitha plans to make as many purchases as she can so that she can accumulate enough miles to go on a trip over spring break. Such an approach is an example of

Consequences; Antecedent Stimuli

With operant conditioning, ______________ are important in forming an association, whereas with classical conditioning, __________ ___________ are important in forming an association.