Psychology Chapter 6 Study Guide

During childhood, girls play tends to be defined or characterized by:

Cooperating & collaborating in small groups

Tara feels incredibly frightened when she sees a highway crash. Tonya feels terrible for the people who were hurt, and rushes to help. Pick the label for each girls response

Tara = empathy; Tonya = sympathy

To promote realistic self-esteem we need to enhance children self efficacy and:

Encourage accurate self perception, that is, realistic ideas about one's abilities and talents

Children who act on their immediate emotions & behave aggressively have:

Externaling tendencies

Which of the following statements best applies to the influences of culture on pro social behavior?

In non-Western cultures, specific kinds of prosocial behaviors such as sacrificing for one's parent are more of a norm.

Gender segregated play begins:

In preschool, but really gets going in elem. school

Although Tim just turned six years old, he tends to hide behind his mother's legs every time he's in a social situation. His intense anxiety is sparked whenever others are around. Tim suffers from _____ tendencies.

Internalizing

When asked to explain why Josie is her best friend Samantha answers because she makes me laugh it is nice to me these girls are most likely ___, and she describes their friendships in terms of ___ qualities

Older children; internal

5 year old Mathew kicked Jason when Jason threatened to take Mathew's snack. Mathew is showing____ aggression.

Reactive

11-year-old Sarah likes to tattle on her older sister. Last week, Sarah told her sisters boyfriend that her sister had kissed another boy. Sarah is showing ____ aggression

Relational

Samantha can observe her own actions and abilities from an outside frame of reference, while being able to reflect on her own in her feelings. Samantha is showing ___ & is probably in ____

Self-awareness, concrete operation stage

Altruism refers to the desire to do good or act pro socially:

W/o getting an external reward

Why does self esteem tend to decline during elem. school?

We have reached concrete operations & can realistically compare our abilities to our peers.

Sally is using induction in disciplining her child. After witnessing her daughter teasing a playmate, she will say:

"Think of how terrible that child feels being teased"

Jason believes he is a failure at everything he does. He is timid, anxious and has given up trying even when he could succeed. Jason is suffering from:

All of these problems

The capacity to manage our feeling so that they don't get in the way of a productive life is called:

Emotion regulation

All are examples of play EXCEPT:

Helping children learn to be aggressive.

Jason, a 3 year-old, it's continually testing his abilities in the wider world. Josh, a second grader, is learning he has to work for what he wants. Pick the Ericksonian psychosocial stages that fit each boy

Josh = initiative; Jason = industry

Children who believe they are powerless to affect their fate, & so give up, feeling that they should not try to succeed, have developed:

Learned helplessness