Psychology Chapter 7

Cognitive universalism tends to ______________ the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Contradict

A psychologist asks people to envision a circle. Next he asks them to draw the circle they envisioned. When comparing the pictures, almost all circles look identical. The fact that a circle typically fits a specific and rigid set of rules is an example of...

Formal Concept

Dr. Thomas has found that William, her patient, has a defect in a gene on the X chromosome of his 23rd pair, which has resulted in a deficiency of a protein needed for William's brain development. William most likely suffers from...

Fragile X syndrome

Which of the following is the best way to encourage divergent, creative thinking?

Go for a walk or engage in some other automatic activity.

While taking a shower, Miguel suddenly realizes the solution to a problem at work. When later asked how he solved this problem, Miguel said, "the answer just seemed to pop into my head." Miguel's experience is an example of...

Insight

What does the Flynn effect theorize?

Intelligence scores are steadily increasing in modernized countries

Which of the following would be an example of a stereotype threat?

Joaquim, who believes IQ tests are unfair to Hispanics, something that his IQ score seems to reflect.

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf theorized that _________, a concept reflected in their linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Language Shapes and Thoughts

Researchers have found that it takes ___________ to view a mental image that is larger or covers more distance than a smaller or more compact one.

Longer

The goal of all test developers is to ____________ cultural bias in their intelligence tests.

Minimize

Research suggests we engage mental images in our mind __________ the way we engage or interact with physical objects.

Much like

Which type of intelligence, according to Howard Gardner, would most likely be present in farmers, landscapers, and biologist?

Naturalist

The basic units of sound in a language are known as...

Phonemes

According to Sternberg, which type of intelligence has a low relationship to academic success and would be the most difficult to measure in the classroom?

Practical

People in the United States often think of a sports car when asked to envision a fun, fast form of travel. In this example, a sports car would be considered a...

Prototype

Dr.Davenport gives all her classes 45 minutes to complete their psychology test regardless of if the class meets for 50 minutes, 75 minutes, or even 3 hours. Such a techniques ensures test...

Standardization

"Daddy go bye-bye" is an example of ____________

Telegraphic Speech

___________ believed that language helps develop concepts whereas ______________ believed that concepts must be developed first if language is to follow.

Vygotsky; Piaget

Which of the following questions would be more likely to produce divergent thinking?

"How many uses can you think of for a clothes hanger?"

In Terman's study of gifted children, mental health issues and relationship problems only occurred in those with IQs of...

180 or Higher

Researchers believe that up to the age of __________, individuals possess the ability to understand phonemes of all languages.

9 months.

According to Noam Chomsky, what is a language acquisition device?

A biological element of the brain that allows us to learn language.

In contrast to comparing mental age to chronological age, most modern tests of intelligence use ________

Age-group comparison norms

According to Sternberg, "book smarts" is another way of talking about which kind of intelligence?

Analytical

Which of the following tests came first?

Binet' mental ability tests

Randall believes that aliens are currently living deep under the ocean. When looking for information about this on the internet, he ignores any sites that are skeptical of this belief and only visits sites that support his belief. This is an example of...

Confirmation Bias

In recent studies, what do some researchers argue is a more accurate means of gauging success in relationships and careers?

Emotional Intelligence

What might be the best predictor of why some people do not excel in school but essentially succeed in their life and career choices?

Emotional Intelligence

Alicia leaves her office building only to find it is raining. She returns to her office and gets a trash bad out of the supply cabinet. Using a pair of scissors, she cuts the bag so that she can put her head and arms through the bag without getting wet. In using. The trash bag as a makeshift rain jacket, Alicia has overcome...

Functional Fixedness

One day at work, Pauline's earring fell on the floor, and she was unable to find the back. To keep from loosing her earring, Pauline reinserted it and used part of a pencil eraser to keep the earring in place. Using a pencil eraser as a temporary earring back showed that Pauline overcame...

Functional Fixedness

Dr.Miller works with children who have grown up in poor socioeconomic conditions. Many of her clients come from homes that do not emphasize education or social involvement, and opportunities for advancement are practically nonexistent. Many are malnourished, have been exposed to a variety of environmental toxins, and have multiple infections without adequate or timely health care. What might these children be at risk for?

Intellectual Disability

In Gardner's view, effective counseling psychologists and mangers would likely be high in ______ intelligence.

Interpersonal

Trail and error is sometimes referred to as a(n)

Mechanical Solution

What's is thinking?

Mental activity that involves processing, orgainizing, understanding, and communicating information

Professor Becker designed an IQ test. To validate this test, the professor should be careful to do which of the following?

Strive to make sure that the test measures what it is supposed to measure

John and Karen bought a new house with an unfinished basement. To determine how they want to finish it, they lay down tape on the floor showing where walls will go and rooms will be. This process of problem solving is known as...

Working Backward From the Goal

In terms of differing cultures, what should be the goal of every test designer?

to create a test that is culturally fair.