PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER 7

What do the concepts of representational bias, anchoring bias, and hindsight bias all have in common?

All of the concepts are examples of mental set

The word ________ is both a morpheme and a phoneme.

I

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

analytical

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to _______.

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

________ concepts are ones ta=hat we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited such as what defines different basic shapes.

artificial

Why are event schemata difficult to change? They are ________.

automatic

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

concepts

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

confirmation

_______ intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation.

creative

Bernadette has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have?

dyslexia

Niazs car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies _________.

hindsight bias

Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends' moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify?

interpersonal

In Howard Gardners Mutliple Intelligence Theory, ________ intelligence and _____ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence.

interpersonal; intrapersonal

Reth is known for his ability and interest in writing. He won an award for his short story, "A Bear in the Woods," and was named Young Poet of the Year at his high school. He is currently working on a book titled, When Harry Potter Attacks. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

linguistic

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

logical-mathematical

A(an)_____ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working.

mental set

Schemata are a(an)__________.

method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently

Which of the following is not one of the four subtypes of intellectual disability?

modest

A ______ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

morpheme

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

musical

What is the Flynn effect?

observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation

An anchoring bias occurs when you focus on ________.

one piece of information versus all of the information

A(an)______ is a basic sound unit of a given language.

phoneme

Mel is an adult who can take care of his basic needs, but he requires oversight while he paints and someone to check on his living conditions daily. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Mel?

profound

Llyada assumes that her professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conservation because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with her stereotypes of professors. This _____ exemplifies.

representational bias

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way.

role

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

semantics

Mikel can look at an engineering plan and quickly build a scale model. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

spatial

From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.

thinking

Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become ________.

thoughts

The average score on an IQ test is 100. In modern IQ testing, one standard deviation is 15 points. Someone with an IQ of 115 would be described as ____________.

one standard deviation above the mean

Which of the following statements about algorithms is false?

Algorithms are used frequently in our everyday lives.

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Robert Sternberg

After the first few months of life, babies enter what is known as the ________ stage, during which time they tend to produce single syllables, such as buh-buh, that are repeated over and over.

babbling

_______ encompasses the process associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgement, language, and memory.

cognition

________ and ________ are powerful influences on both our thoughts and behaviors.

emotion; memory

The likelihood of functional fixedness occurring may be influenced by culture, and it is _________.

experienced in both industrial and preindustrial countries equally

Neutral concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ________.

experiences

What is confirmation bias?

focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness