Psychology Chapter 7

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning. Answers: letter morpheme phoneme phonic

B

A(an) ________ schema is also known as a cognitive script. Answers: artificial event mental role

B

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence. Answers: analytic creative fluid practical

B

Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ________. Answers: behaviors experiences personality socialization

B

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence. Answers: academic analytical creative practical

B

What should be changed to make the following sentence true "Arthur Jensen theorized that Level I intelligence is responsible for conceptual and analytical abilities while Level II intelligence is responsible for rote memorization." Answers: The name "Arthur Jensen" should be changed to the name "Howard Gardener." The placement of the phrases "Level I" and "Level II" should be switched. The word "conceptual" should be eliminated. The word "rote" should be changed to with the word "routine."

B

Which of the following statements about Charles Spearman is false? Answers: He believed intelligence consisted of a general factor called g. He believed intelligence could be measured and compared between individuals. He divided intelligence into two components: crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence. He focused on the commonalities among various intellectual abilities and de-emphasized what made each unique.

C

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words? Answers: interpretation language semantics syntax

C

A(an) ________ is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts. Answers: idea paradigm prototype schema

D

A(an) ________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working. Answers: anchoring bias functional fixedness mental set trial and error

C

Not all aspects of cognition are ________. Answers: consciously experienced essential features of adult consciousness essential features of human consciousness exceptionally complex

A

The fact that English grammar dictates that most verbs end in-ed to indicate past tense is an example of the ________ component of language. Answers: grammar lexicon syntax thesaurus

A

Which of the following is not one of the four indices of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children? Answers: perceptual reasoning processing memory verbal comprehension working memory

B

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests there is no reason she can't find a job and live independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily? Answers: mild moderate profound severe

A

Raymond Cattell was a psychologist who ________. Answers: believed intelligence consisted of one general factor, called g developed Multiple Intelligences Theory developed triarchic theory of intelligence divided intelligence into two components

D

Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience. Answers: direct indirect practical theoretical

B

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for? Answers: anchoring bias functional fixedness hindsight bias representative bias

B

Which term describes a communication system that uses systematic rules to organize words to transmit information from one individual to another? Answers: concept language prototype schemata

B

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence. Answers: linguistic logical-mathematical musical spatial

C

Bernadette has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have? Answers: dysfunction dysgraphia dyslexia dysthymia

C

From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________. Answers: determining processing thinking understanding

C

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________. Answers: anchoring bias availability heuristic hindsight bias representational bias

C

The following sentence misuses the word accept: "I'll take all the cupcakes accept the one with cream cheese icing." Which part of language involves knowing the proper use of the word accept? Answers: concept grammar lexicon prototype

C

Which of the following is not one of the conditions that leads to the impulse to use heuristics? Answers: an appropriate heuristic comes to mind in the same moment one is faced with too much information the decision to be made is important the time to make the decision is limited

C

Parents of African American students filed a case against the state of California in 1979 because they believed the testing method used to identify students with learning disabilities________. Answers: did not identify enough African American children in need of special education disadvantaged their children by placing them in special education classes resulted in less funding was culturally unfair as the tests were normed and standardized using White children

D