Psychology Chapter 7

Which of the following are traits of intellectually gifted people?

-IQ of 130 or above -Socially well-adjusted. -Academically advanced. -Superior talent in a particular area.

Which of the following are symptoms of cultural-familial intellectual disability?

-No evidence of organic brain damage. -IQ between 55 and 70. -Highly sensitive to other's expectations of them.

The evaluation of multiple intelligence is compromised of which of the following components?

-Research does not really exist. -Taken the concept of specific intelligence too far.

Which of the following are sources of bias in intelligence testing?

-Socioeconomic status. -Ethnicity. -Culture.

What are some common characteristics of creative people?

-Willingness to face risk. -divergent thinking. -Flexibility

Which of the following are effects of language on cognition?

-helps us make inferences -facilitates us in solving problems -assists us in tackling difficult decisions

When does a child utter his or her first word?

10-13 months

What is intellectual disability?

A condition of limited mental ability in which the individual has an IQ of 70 or below.

What is morphology?

A language's rules for word formation

What is a normal distribution?

A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve; a majority of the scores fall in the middle of the range and few scores appear toward the extreme.

Which of the following tends to support the behavioral view of language development?

Children are rewarded for appropriate use of language

The ____ is an intelligence test that can be administered to children or adults because the questions vary depending on the test taker's age.

Stanford-Binet

What aspect of grammar is responsible for the difference in meaning between "Max tickled Mary" and "Mary tickled Max"?

Syntax

What is reasoning?

The mental activity of transforming information to reach conclusions

Which of the following is evidence for the behavioral view of language development?

The more parents speak to a child, the better the child is at acquiring language

When cognitive psychologists compare the brain to a computer, they explain that

The physical brain is like hardware and cognition is like software.

What is hindsight bias?

The tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome.

What is the primary purpose of algorithms and heuristics?

They provide a way for problems to be solved

The ability to judge, evaluate, compare and contrast is known as

analytical intelligence

The ________ heuristic is a shortcut in which the probability of something is judged based on how easily one can recall similar events.

availability

When an infant utters sounds like "ma," "pa," and "me" more or less randomly, he is

babbling

Open-mindedness is

being receptive to the possibility of other ways of looking at things

When considering the ____ influence on language, a number of experts believe that language is a very recent human ability.

biological

Thinking, language, memory, and reasoning are all part of ____ psychology.

cognitive

A prototype is a typical highly representative of a(an)

concept

When it comes to categorizing new information our brains use several techniques, for example, the mental category that is used to group objects, and events is called

concept

You ignore all information that is inconsistent with your point of view. In doing so, you display a(n) ________ bias.

confirmation

Monique is without a pencil as she is working in her woodshop. She is using a screwdriver to mark wood for cutting, displaying all but which of the following?

convergent thinking

________ intelligence is the ability to design, invent, originate and imagine.

creative

Unlike convergent thinking, divergent thinking typically involves

creativity

________ is the ability to generate unique ideas and novel solutions.

creativity

Intellectual with intellectual disabilities who have no evidence of organic brain damage are diagnosed with

cultural-familial intellectual disability

One type of ____-____ test would contain no verbal questions.

culture-fair

____ ____ is evaluating alternatives and making choices among them.

decision making

________ reasoning is reasoning from the general to the specific.

deductive

____ thinking involves creativity and the creation of many solutions to the same problems, whereas ____ thinking produces the single best solution to a problem.

divergent;convergent

unlike algorithms, heuristics

do not guarantee a solution

The effect of ____ on intelligence is known as the Flynn effect.

education

You have just received a package from home but don't have a knife handy so therefore don't know how to open it. Your roommate quickly offers you her house key to use to cut open the box. You have demonstrated ____ fixedness, whereas your roommate has not.

functional

Julio needs to mark a piece of wood for cutting, but cannot find a pencil or pen. He does not realize that he could mark the piece of wood with a screwdriver. This indicates that Julio is displaying

functional fixedness

____ ____ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome.

hindsight bias

What is an example of the confirmation bias?

if you are a liberal, avoid discussing serious issues with people who are conservative

________ reasoning is reasoning from the specific to the general.

inductive

Psychological research which uses a sample of participants in order to draw conclusions about the population from which the sample is drawn is an example of

inductive reasoning

____ ____ is the ability to produce an infinite number of sentences using a relatively limited set of rules.

infinite generativity

Problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to and learn from life's everyday experiences is known as

intelligence

Alfred Binet created the first

intelligence test

The ability to understand oneself is

intrapersonal intelligence

Many experts believe that biological evolution that occurred long before ____ emerged shaped humans into the linguistic individuals.

language

We use ____, symbols arranged according to systematic rules, to communicate our ideas.

language

____ is a communication system that follows rules of syntax and grammar.

language

Scientists, engineers, and accountants are people who are likely to have a high level of ____ intelligence.

mathematical

Being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activities is known as

mindfulness

____ is being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activity.

mindfulness

A sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone is known as ____ intelligence.

musical

A farmer, botanist, ecologist, or landscaper is someone who is likely to have ____ intelligence.

naturalist

____ intelligence is the ability to observe patterns in nature and understand human made systems.

naturalist

Tracy is a Democrat, but is willing to listen to her Republican friend explain their political beliefs and to consider their point of view. this is an example of

open-mindedness

Cultural-familial intellectual disability is a mental deficit in which no evidence of ____ brain damage can be found.

organic

____ retardation is a type of intellectual disability caused by a genetic disorder or by brain damage.

organic

Down syndrome is an example of

organic intellectual disability

____ are the basic and smallest sounds of language.

phonemes

____ describes a language's sound system.

phonology

____ intelligence is intelligence related to overall success in living.

practical

____ intelligence is the ability to use, imply, implement, and put ideas into actions.

practical

The ____ model of concepts emphasizes that when people evaluate whether a given item reflects a certain concept, they compare the item with the most typical item(s) in that category and look for a "family resemblance."

prototype

Algorithms and heuristics both

provide solutions to problems

Which of the following is an example of convergent thinking?

reading a book.

A test that returns similar scores each time it is administered to an individual is said to be highly ____.

reliable

The ability to think three-dimensionally is known as

spatial intelligence

What is bodily kinesthetic intelligence?

the ability to manipulate objects and be physically adept.

What is practical intelligence?

the ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into action

Sternberg's ____ theory of intelligence states that intelligence comes in three forms of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.

triarchic

True or false: The Terman study of intellectually gifted individuals found that most of them were healthy, social and well-adjusted.

true

A test that accurately measures what it's intended to measure is highly

valid

____ refers to the soundness of conclusions to be drawn from an experiment.

validity

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, the ability to think in words and use language to express meaning is known as

verbal intelligence

Thinking may involve

visual images data in any sensory modality

What are some traits of those who are intellectually gifted?

- Well-adjusted - higher than normal IQ

Of the following, which describe the purpose(s) of concepts?

-Concepts allow us to associate experiences and objects. -Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular experience. -Concepts allow us to generalize. -Concepts aid memory.

Which of the following is a step in problem solving?

-Develop good problem solving strategies. -Rethink and redefine problems over time. -Find and frame problems. -Evaluate solutions.