psychology chapter 8

Aria works at a marketing research firm.Whenever she processes information, she disregards information that does not fit in with her idea so as to eliminate discrepancies. This behavior is consistent with _____.

Piaget's cognitive developmental theory

is a state of feeling that has cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components.​

emotion

Viola has just come back from work and is experiencing hunger pangs. She quickly makes a sandwich which satisfies her hunger. The return to the normal bodily function without the hunger pangs is called

homeostasis

The drive-reduction theory of Hull states that:

hunger and pain trigger arousal and activate behavior.

According to social-cognitive theorists, sexual orientation can be attributed to:

observational learning.

is the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore reserves of energy to the body.​

parasympathetic nervous system

Cognitive theorists note that:

people represent their worlds mentally.

is the second phase of the sexual response cycle, which is characterized by increases in vasocongestion, muscle tension, heart rate, and blood pressure in preparation for orgasm.​

plateau phase

is an example of a psychological need.​

power

Nadine works for an accounting firm. She makes enough money for herself and has bought a house with a top-notch security system. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Nadine has fulfilled her _____ needs.​

safety

Alan works in a research laboratory. He owns a house, and he earns enough to sustain himself. He has a large social circle and makes time to meet his friends at least once a week. However, Alan feels that he is capable of much more and can achieve a lot more things. He is striving to bring out the best within himself. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Alan is trying to fulfill his

self-actualization needs

is the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that spend body energy from stored reserves.​

sympathetic nervous system

s the field of psychology that is about personal well-being and satisfaction; joy, sensual pleasure, and happiness; and optimism and hope for the future.

Positive psychology

is the state of being satisfied.​

Satiety

individuals are people who are sexually aroused by, and interested in forming romantic relationships with, people of the other gender.​

Heterosexual

Which of the following is a biological factor responsible for obesity?

High fat-to-muscle ratio

individuals are people who are sexually aroused by, and interested in forming romantic relationships with, people of the same gender.

Homosexual

The excitement phase of the sexual response cycle in women is characterized by

vaginal lubrication

s a problem affecting female athletes involving low availability of energy and loss of bone density.​

​female athlete triad

Jorge works for a finance company. His boss tells him that he will get a raise if he can complete his work two days before the actual deadline. The raise that Jorge is being offered is referred to as a(n

​incentive

Striving to become what you are capable of being is termed as

​self-actualization

When the lateral hypothalamus of a rat is destroyed, it may most likely

become aphagic.

When a rat's ventromedial nucleus (VMN) is destroyed, the rat will:

begin to eat uncontrollably.

In an experiment, Jay and Alissa are injected with the same concentration of a harmless drug. The purpose of the drug is to create arousal in the subjects who are injected. After a while, the arousal manifests as anger in Jay and as happiness in Alissa. These experimental findings can be explained by the

cognitive appraisal theory

According to _____, people are generally motivated to hold consistent beliefs and to justify their behavior. ​

cognitive-dissonance theory

is a condition of arousal in an organism that is associated with a need.​

drive

are the arousal producing effects of sex hormones that increase the likelihood of sexual behavior.​

Activating effects

is a mechanism that would help preserve life in times of famine.​

Adaptive thermogenesis

Daniella thinks that she is extremely overweight despite having a normal body weight. She avoids eating food and recently has lost a lot of weight. Even after this, she continues to think that she is overweight. Which eating disorder is Daniella most likely suffers from?

Anorexia nervosa

Alina thinks that she is overweight even if she is not. She often indulges in binge eating and later vomits the food out forcefully. Which eating disorder is Alina most likely suffering from?

Bulimia nervosa

Which of the following is true of the resolution phase of the sexual response cycle?

During this phase, men enter a refractory period

Which of the following is a feature of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

It contains cards with drawings that are subject to various interpretations.

Which of the following is true of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

It states that humans are motivated by a desire for personal growth.

Which of the following is true of the evolutionary perspective of motivation?

It states that instinctive behaviors are genetically transmitted.

is the state in which an organism experiences an inducement or incentive to do something.

Motivation

is the state in which an organism experiences an inducement or incentive to do something.​

Motivation

Richard has not been successful in getting a job despite several efforts. Thinking about his failure, Richard has started going under depression. He feels helpless and hopeless about his situation and even feels suicidal at times. What other symptom is most likely to be associated with Richard's condition?

Parasympathetic arousal

Which of the following is a characteristic of polygraphs for lie detection?

Tense muscles will reduce their accuracy.

Which of the following is a difference between James-Lange's theory and Cannon-Bard's theory?

Unlike Cannon-Bard's theory, James-Lange's theory says that emotions are produced by bodily changes.

Which of the following is true of satiety?

We get signals of satiety from the digestive tract.

Motives are:

inferred from behavior.

involves an inherited disposition to activate specific behavior patterns that enable an organism to reach specific goals.

instinct

According to the study by Masters and Johnson,

men and women have similar biological responses to sexual stimulation

According to research performed by Bray and Bouchard, _____.

more than two out of three adult Americans are overweight

In the context of the sexual response cycle, _____ is muscle tension, which causes grimaces, spasms in the hands and feet, and the spasms of orgasm.​

myotonia

is a state of deprivation.

need