Psychology chapter 9 retake
Gender differences have most often been found in which of the following?
Aggression
Which of the following is the strongest correlation?
-23
In data set B, the range is
4
What is the mean of the set of numbers above?
6
Which of the following is the median score?
6
Ten participants in a treatment group were asked to rate their feelings of self worth on a scale of one to ten, with a value of ten indicating a very positive feeling of self-worth. The data for the participants are above. What is the mode for these data?
7
The concept of habituation is best exemplified by which of the following situations?
A college student is no longer kept awake by her roommate's late-night typing.
Researchers have found a negative correlation between income and dental problems. What conclusion can correctly be drawn from this statement?
As income increases, the likelihood of dental problems decreases.
Little Andrea has just learned that robins are birds. She now sees a sparrow, points to it, and calls out "Bird!" According to Jean Piaget, Andrea is showing the cognitive process of
Assimilation
Which parenting style is characterized by high demands for obedience and low warmth?
Authoritarian
The most well-adjusted and socially competent childron tend to come from homes where parents employ which of the following parental styles?
Authoritative
according to to Diana Baumrind, which of the following is parenting style are children raised in the United Sales, is most closely associated , with the development of self-reliance and confidence?
Authoritative
What is the best way to ensure that results of a study are generalizable to a population?
By using a random selection of people in that population
Which of the following is true about gender roles in children?
Children often develop traditional gender roles despite parents discouragement of such roles.
Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is best described by which of the following?
Children progress from a morality based on punishment and reward to one defined by convention, and ultimately to one defined by abstract ethical principles.
According to Jean Piaget, what is the earliest stage at which a child is capable of using simple logic to think aboutobjects and events?
Concrete operational
Shaquille is 25 years old and is actively dating in order to find someone to settle down with. Which of the following theorists would best be able to explain Shaquille's behavior?
Erik Erikson
In a research study, informed consent is a concern of
Ethics
Which of the following is more associated with environmental effects than with genetic influence?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Hypothetical and deductive thinking are characteristic of which of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Formal operations
Which psychologist reported that infant attachment to another goes beyond the satisfaction of the need for nourishment?
Harry Harlow
Rik, who is an adolescent, was always studious and quiet throughout childhood. His parents are concerned because he suddenly dyed his hair, pierced his tongue, and started hanging out with a different crowd. A few months later, he tried out for the football team and became so active in sports that he neglected his schoolwork. According to psychologists, which of the following would best explain Rik's changes in behavior?
He is going through the process of exploring his identity that many adolescents experience.
Of the following cognitive milestones, which ability tends to be acquired last?
Hypothetical thinking
Which of the following research findings supports a strong biological basis for behavior?
Identical twins who are reared apart have similar levels of intelligence.
Which of the following did Erik Erikson say was the primary conflict through which a teenager needs to work?
Identity versus role confusion
Konrad Lorenz found that shortly after a gosling is born, it tends to follow the first large moving object it sees. That is an example of
Imprinting
A nine-year-old girl first learning about her capabilities on the playground and in the classroom would be in which of Erikson's stage of development?
Industry vs. Inferiority
According to the ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association (APA), which of the following is true of psychological research in which animals are used as subiects?
It should conform to all APA ethical guidelines for animal research.
The argument over the relative contributions of heredity and environment in the development of various behaviors and personality traits is known as which of the following controversies?
Nature versus nurture
Which of the following scatorlds litrates lhe weakest correlation cogficient?
Scatterplot humbled together up in the top right coner.
Jeremy happily played with his colorful blocks while his mother was nearby. When his mother left the room, he became upset, but he quickly stopped crying and began to play with the blocks again. When his mother returned, he greeted her happily. Which of the following patterns of attachment reflects Jeremy's actions?
Secure
Laura is in transition from Erik Erikson's industry versus inferiority stage
She is less interested in accomplishing things and more interested in defining herself.
Which of the following describes the different emotional dispositions of infants?
Temperament
Based on the bar graph above, which of the following conclusions is most accurate?
The more genetically related people are, the more similar their intelligence scores.
Paul and Sally, who met and married in their mid-20s, have been married for 25 years. Their youngest child recently graduated from high school and has left for college. Which of the following is most likely true of this couple?
Their marital relationship will improve.
To minimize experimenter bias, researchers should use
a double-blind design
Researchers want to study the effects of teratogens. They should conduct
an experiment using pregnant rats
Harry Harlow's experiments with rhesus monkeys and surrogate mothers demonstrate the importance of
contact comfort to attachment
Harry Harlow found that when infant monkeys were startled or frightened, they preferred a cloth surrogate mother over a wire mother who had food. The baby monkeys' response indicated that
contact comfort was more important to them than food
Melissa reads in a parenting magazines that the average age at which children first walk on their own is 12 months old, and most children walk ranges the average nine to seventeen months old. The article is discussing
developmental norms
Preschoolers often have trouble buttoning shirts due to less-developed
fine motor skills
Infants are repeatedly shown an object dropping onto a platform. Eventually, the infants spend less time looking at the object, and their heart rates and respirations decrease. This is an example of
habituation
According to Erik Erikson, in late adulthood the individual reaches the eighth and final stage of the life span in which one reviews and evaluates one's life and the choices one has made. Erikson labeled this stage
integrity versus despair
According to Erik Erikson, individuals in early adulthood often seek a life partner with whom they will share their most closely held secrets and hopes. Erikson called this psychosocial stage of development
intimacy versus isolation
Understanding that things continue to exist even when they are not within view is called
object permanence
When ten month-old Frances throws her toy out of sight, She looks to see where it falls. Development. psychologists would say that Frances" behavior indicates that she has developed
object permanence
When parents set few controls on their children's television viewing, allowing the children freedom to set individual limits, make few demands, and do not punish for improper television viewing, the parents exemplify a parenting style referred to as
permissive
In trying to replicate Lawrence Kohlberg's research, several college psychology students observed four-year-olds in five prekindergarten classes. Their observations most likely indicated that these children were
preconventional
The generalizability of a study increases when
the sample is more representative of the population
Carol Gilligan's criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's development theory is based on the argument that Kohlberg's
theory fails to account sufficiently for differences between males and females