Psychology Chapters 1 & 2
The interdisciplinary field that studies how biological processes relate to behavioral and mental processes is called ____. a) biopsychocognition b) behavioral biology c) neuroscience d) biobehaviorism
c) neuroscience
In a naturalistic observation, a researcher would be most likely to do which of the following? a) conduct an in-depth study of a single subject b) observe participants as they behave naturally in the laboratory c) observe unobtrusively and record systematically behavior in a participant's natural state or habitat d) none of these options
c) observe unobtrusively and record systematically behavior in a participant's natural state or habitat
Excess neurotransmitters left in the synapse after an action potential _______. a) are absorbed back into the sending neuron b) stay in the synapse waiting for the next action potential c) are broken down by enzymes d) all of the above e) both A and C
e) both A and C
Too much of this neurotransmitter may be related to schizophrenia, whereas too little of this neurotransmitter may be related to Parkinson's disease. a) Acetylcholine b) Dopamine c) Norepinephrine d) Serotonin
b) Dopamine
If you use a small wire to record the brain's electrical activity, the output produces a _____. a) EGG b) EEG c) EKG d) none of these options
b) EEG
You are unsure whether you want to complete an experiment you began an hour ago. According to the Ethical Principles of Psychologists when you ask the researcher if you have to continue, the researcher should respond with _____. a) "You have the right to drop out of the study at any time." b) "I'm sorry, the experiment must continue." c) "Please continue. I will debrief you afterwards." d) "You may drop the study now, but you will forfeit credit."
a) "You have the right to drop out of the study at any time."
This neurotransmitter is suspected of playing a role in Alzheimer's disease. a) Acetylcholine b) Dopamine c) GABA d) Norepinephrine
a) Acetylcholine
_____ research observes and records behaviors without manipulating variables or producing cause and effect explanations. a) Descriptive b) Empirical c) Independent d) Dependent
a) Descriptive
Which of the following therapists is NOT violating psychology's ethical standard of confidentiality? a) Dr. Novak called the Department of Social Services to report her client, who admitted during their session together that she was abusing her nine-year-old daughter. b) Dr. Jones describes detailed case histories of former clients to his psychology class without disguising their characteristics. c) Dr. Smith-Nguyen discusses a client with his wife to get her advice. d) Dr. Polanski told two of his colleagues that he was treating a local television news anchor for major depression, but didn't name her.
a) Dr. Novak called the Department of Social Services to report her client, who admitted during their session together that she was abusing her nine-year-old daughter.
31. Which of the following terms do NOT belong together? a) Structuralism: Observable behavior b) Behaviorism: Stimulus-response c) Psychoanalytic: Unconscious conflict d) Cognitive: Thought
a) Structuralism: Observable behavior
SQ4R stands for ____________________ . a) Survey, question, read, recite, review, write b) Scan, query, read, repeat, reword, recite c) Survey, query, review, read, reread, recite d) Scan, question, read, write by rewording, repeat
a) Survey, question, read, recite, review, write
Rosa has multiple sclerosis, a degenerative disorder that causes myelin to disintegrate. What effect is this going to have on Rosa's nerve impulses? a) They will slow down. b) They will be stopped in the soma. c) They will speed up. d) None of these options
a) They will slow down.
The BEST definition of a dependent variable is _____. a) a measurable behavior that is affected by the independent variable b) a variable that is controlled by the experimenter and is applied to the participant to determine its effect c) a variable that is kept constant during an experiment to prevent contamination of other variables d) a variable that cannot do anything by itself
a) a measurable behavior that is affected by the independent variable
A scientist who seeks knowledge for its own sake is conducting ________. a) basic research b) applied research c) elemental research d) fundamental research
a) basic research
Dr. Watson, from the _____ school of psychology, focused on objective, observable behavior rather than on the unconscious. a) behaviorism b) cognitive c) developmental d) conditional
a) behaviorism
The psychological perspective that studies how we gather, encode, and store information is the ________ perspective. a) cognitive b) gestalt c) concept formation d) psychodynamic
a) cognitive
Deception is sometimes used in psychological research in order to _____. a) create a realistic situation with genuine reactions b) protect the public from unpleasant research realities c) protect participants from being harmed d) prevent sample bias, ethnocentric bias, and experimenter bias
a) create a realistic situation with genuine reactions
What is the single most important key to improving grades that was identified in your text? a) distributed study time b) note taking c) complete learning d) understanding the professor
a) distributed study time
Communication within neurons is _____ ,whereas communication between neurons is _____. a) electrical; chemical b) unmylinated; myelinated c) chemical; electrical d) very slow; very fast
a) electrical; chemical
Researchers can isolate a single factor and examine the effect of that factor alone on a particular behavior through use of a(n) ________. a) experiment b) correlational study c) biological study d) descriptive study
a) experiment
Shirley examines learning, conditioning, motivation, emotion, sensation, and perception in humans and other animals. It is likely that Shirley is a(n) _______________ psychologist. a) experimental b) cultural c) developmental d) cognitive
a) experimental
When the neuron is at its resting potential, the fluid inside the axon: a) has more negatively charged ions than the fluid outside. b) has more positively charged ions than the fluid outside. c) has an equal number of negatively and positively charged ions outside. d) does not have any negative or positive ions
a) has more negatively charged ions than the fluid outside.
Sociocultural psychology is the study of the _____ . a) influence of culture and social interactions on people's behavior b) superiority of some cultures over others c) thinking of people as individuals d) none of these options
a) influence of culture and social interactions on people's behavior
The term, applied research, is BEST defined as research that _____. a) is designed to solve practical problems b) is conducted in an applied setting rather than in the laboratory c) studies psychological principles d) none of these options
a) is designed to solve practical problems
The basic units of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that process, store, and transmit information are the _____. a) neurons b) neurotransmitters c) synapses d) myelin
a) neurons
Neurotransmitters perform different functions such as: a) regulate the actions of glands and muscles b) inhibit repressed memories from being formed c) promote digestion of food d) all of the above
a) regulate the actions of glands and muscles
One way to ensure less sample bias is to select a(n) _____ sample. a) representative/random b) homogenous/ethnocentric c) placebo/control d) heterogeneous/ethnocentric
a) representative/random
The sound of music makes your feet start tapping. A behaviorist would say that the music is a _____, because it causes you to start foot-tapping. a) stimulus b) activating event c) sound d) organismic event
a) stimulus
Biopsychologists emphasize _____. a) that behavior is the result of genetics and physiological processes occurring in the brain and nervous system b) the belief that biology is destiny c) the evolution of mental processes d) that the way to understand human behavior is to first understand animal behavior
a) that behavior is the result of genetics and physiological processes occurring in the brain and nervous system
Ethnocentrism in research refers to _____. a) the belief that a typical behavior in one's culture is typical of all cultures b) a researcher's inflated sense of his or her own research abilities c) a central need to include people from all races and cultures in an experiment d) an attitude among researchers that their field of study is more important than any other field
a) the belief that a typical behavior in one's culture is typical of all cultures
You believe that most behaviors are a product of your environment; your best friend argues that behaviors are a result of heredity. This is an example of _____. a) the nature-nurture controversy b) applied vs. basic research c) a doomed friendship d) an objective vs. subjective argument
a) the nature-nurture controversy
One important difference between a mylinated and unmylinated axon is _____. a) the neural impulse is faster in the mylinated axon b) the neural impulse is faster in the unmylinated axon c) only the mylinated axons have nodes d) the unmylinated axons are heavier
a) the neural impulse is faster in the mylinated axon
According to your text, sample bias occurs when _____. a) the sample of participants in a research study is not representative of the larger population b) participants exhibit behaviors that are considered typical in their own culture c) an experimenter biases a sample by providing unintentional cues about correct responses d) all of these options
a) the sample of participants in a research study is not representative of the larger population
Your text book likens the depolarization and repolarization of a neuron that fires to ________. a) the wave done by the rows of people at a sports event b) a door opening and closing c) a tree bending in the wind d) a car speeding up and slowing down
a) the wave done by the rows of people at a sports event
Timothy has been reluctant to ask or answer questions in the classroom because when he spoke in his second-grade class, his peers laughed at him. This is a demonstration of which goal of psychology? a) Describing behavior b) Explaining behavior c) Predicting behavior d) Changing behavior
b) Explaining behavior
The science of psychology began in 1879 in ________________, Germany with Wilhelm ___________. a) Berlin, Skinner b) Leipzig, Wundt c) Munich, James d) Hamburg, Freud
b) Leipzig, Wundt
A group of children gather around an elder to hear stories in one part of the world, whereas children file into a classroom to learn about history from a teacher. Which psychological perspective would MOST emphasize these environmental factors as important in shaping behavior? a) Behavioral b) Sociocultural c) Environmental d) Evolutionary
b) Sociocultural
Which is the stronger correlation, -1.00 or +1.00? a) +1.00 b) They are the same. c) -1.00 d) Neither; -1.00 does not exist.
b) They are the same.
A sample is BEST defined as _____. a) a group of participants in a study who have sampled the treatment condition b) a group of participants selected to represent a population c) the total of all possible cases from which a population is selected d) a group of participants in a study that is atypical of the larger population
b) a group of participants selected to represent a population
Carlos and Bonita were intrigued by the results of a study about the biases people display toward work done by males, compared to work done by females. They decided to perform the same study, following the same procedures, to see if they would get the same results. This is an example of _____. a) an invalid research method b) a replication of studies c) plagiarism d) a waste of research time and funding
b) a replication of studies
Your body has designed a traffic signal for action potentials traveling from one neuron to another. In this system, a red light represents _____. a) an excitatory neurotransmitter b) an inhibitory neurotransmitter c) a combination of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters d) none of these options; once started, an action potential never stops
b) an inhibitory neurotransmitter
In a drug-study to test the effectiveness of a new drug for treating the common cold, you are randomly assigned to a group that gets the drug. This means that you _____. a) will probably get a cold b) are in the experimental group c) are in the placebo group d) are being used unethically as a "guinea pig"
b) are in the experimental group
Research methods that observe and record behavior and mental processes without suggesting ________ is called descriptive research. a) a theory or hypothesis b) causal explanations c) valid results d) statistically significant findings
b) causal explanations
In _____research, a researcher observes or measures (without manipulating) two or more variables to find relationships between them, without inferring a causal relationship. a) experimental b) correlational c) basic d) applied
b) correlational
The branches of the neuron that receive neural impulses from other neurons are called _____, and the tube-like structure that conveys impulses toward other neurons is called the _____. a) somas; axon b) dendrites; axon c) axons; dendrite d) dendrites; soma
b) dendrites; axon
Your research class conducted an experiment on caffeine-induced stress in which neither the class researchers, nor the participants in the experiment, knew who did and did not receive caffeine until after the study was completed. This research technique is called a(n) _____. a) counterbalanced design b) double-blind study c) unknown condition experiment d) controlled deception condition
b) double-blind study
According to your text, debriefing is _____. a) interviewing subjects after a study to find out what they were thinking during their participation b) explaining the purpose of the study, anticipated results, and deceptions used when the study is over c) disclosing potential physical and emotional risks, and the nature of the study prior to its beginning d) interviewing subjects after a study to determine whether any deceptions were effective in preventing them from learning the true purpose of the study
b) explaining the purpose of the study, anticipated results, and deceptions used when the study is over
If this causes that, then this is the _____ variable, and that is the _____ variable. a) dependent; independent b) independent; dependent c) constant; dependent d) constant; independent
b) independent; dependent
The model that likens the mind to a computer that sequentially takes in information , processes it, and then produces a response is called the . a) stepwise model b) information processing model c) cognitive processing model d) reasoning approach
b) information processing model
Behaviorists are MOST successful in treating _______. a) neuroses of the mind b) overt behavior problems c) low self esteem d) psychotic disorders
b) overt behavior problems
According to your text, when a scientist submits a study for publication to a journal where other scientists will read it and decide whether or not it will be published, the article is undergoing _______. a) external observation b) peer review c) statistical analysis d) critical examination
b) peer review
If a psychology teacher lets students earn extra credit by volunteering for research, he/she is ethically required to _____. a) volunteer for a study himself/herself b) provide an alternative extra credit activity of equal value c) help conduct the study himself d) all of these options
b) provide an alternative extra credit activity of equal value
Dr. Kaplan makes up her responses to radio listeners, using mostly her own "common sense", personal beliefs, and values- rather than scientific research. This practice is more like _____ than _____. a) fraud; vice b) pseudo-psychology; psychology c) illegal behavior; legal behavior d) all of these options
b) pseudo-psychology; psychology
In a procedure called _____, participants are placed in experimental conditions on the basis of chance, thus minimizing biases or preexisting differences in the groups. a) random sampling b) random assignment c) group selection d) experimental assignment
b) random assignment
Replication increases scientific confidence in a theory if the _____. a) citations are accurate b) results are similar c) statistics are accurate d) statistics are significant
b) results are similar
The inability to generalize research results to other people or situations is directly affected by _____. a) experimenter bias b) sample bias c) the placebo effect d) the lack of adequate controls
b) sample bias
The tips of the branches of the axon are called _____. a) dendrites b) terminal buttons c) soma d) mitochondria
b) terminal buttons
Professor Matsos wants to determine if rewards will increase recycling efforts on campus. The dependent variable in this example is _____. a) rewards vs. no rewards b) the amount of recycling done on campus c) the students who recycle d) Professor Matsos
b) the amount of recycling done on campus
A synapse is _____. a) the gap between the brain and the skull that contains cerebrospinal fluid b) the gap between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron or gland c) the vestibule that contains neurotransmitters d) the place where neurotransmitters exchange ionic molecules
b) the gap between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron or gland
Research participants who try to present themselves in a good light are demonstrating _____. a) good judgment b) the social desirability response c) a placebo effect d) all of these options
b) the social desirability response
The BEST definition of an independent variable is a _____. a) measurable behavior that is exhibited by a participant and is affected by the dependent variable b) variable that is manipulated by the experimenter to determine its causal effect on the dependent variable c) variable that is kept constant during an experiment to prevent contamination of other variables d) variable that cannot be manipulated by anyone
b) variable that is manipulated by the experimenter to determine its causal effect on the dependent variable
Shauna specializes in applying principles of psychology to the legal system. Shauna is psychologist. a) Health b) Forensic c) Clinical d) None of these options
b_ Forensic
Which of the following is NOT true about animal research? a) It accounts for only 7-8% of psychological research. b) 90% of animal research uses rats or mice. c) Animal researchers use punishments as often as they use rewards. d) Research benefits both human and nonhuman animals
c) Animal researchers use punishments as often as they use rewards.
_____ research is used to study the brain and other parts of the nervous system. a) Traditional b) Psychological c) Biological d) Clinical
c) Biological
What part(s) of the cell receive incoming messages? a) Axons and cell body b) Dendrites and axons c) Dendrites and cell body d) Axons
c) Dendrites and cell body
__________ help explain why soldiers and athletes continue to fight, despite horrific injuries. a) Courageous attitudes b) Morphine receptors c) Endorphins d) Transcranial stimuli
c) Endorphins
This neurotransmitter's major role is to inhibit neural transmissions in the central nervous system. a) Acetylcholine b) Dopamine c) GABA d) Norepinephrine
c) GABA
Molly is a clinical psychologist doing therapy with a man who has reported his wife has been unfaithful. He tells Molly he is going to go home and kill his wife. What does Molly do in this case? a) She can try to talk him out of it, but cannot call the police - no matter what the outcome - due to confidentiality concerns b) Have him committed to a mental institution c) If she cannot calm him and talk him out of it, call the police and inform his wife. d) Nothing; due to confidentiality concerns she is powerless.
c) If she cannot calm him and talk him out of it, call the police and inform his wife.
Cognitive psychology focuses on ____. a) Conflict within the conscious mind. b) The positive, creative, growth-seeking potential of human nature. c) Mental processes, language, and perception. d) Complex biochemical events involved in information processing.
c) Mental processes, language, and perception.
Stephanie wants to observe how her 2-year old, Olivia, is behaving at daycare by observing Olivia without being noticed. Which research strategy was Stephanie trying to use? a) Correlational study b) Experiment c) Naturalistic observation d) Survey
c) Naturalistic observation
. is used to analyze the findings of a research study? a) Empirical evidence b) An operational definition c) Statistics d) Data
c) Statistics
The two largest professional organizations of psychologist are: a) The American Psychologist Group (APG) and The American Psychological Association (APA) b) The Association for Psychological Science (APS) and The American Psychiatric and Psychological Association (APPA) c) The Association for Psychological Science (APS) and The American Psychological Association (APA) d) None of the above
c) The Association for Psychological Science (APS) and The American Psychological Association (APA)
6. Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology's goal of describing behavior? a) Giving an interest-inventory (test) at a college counseling center to determine what career or college choices would best suit a student b) Conducting an experiment to determine if watching violent cartoons increases aggressive behavior in preschoolers c) Videotaping an intersection with four-way stop signs and measuring the ratio of complete to incomplete stops made by drivers d) Sending first-time drug offenders to an inpatient treatment program rather than to jail
c) Videotaping an intersection with four-way stop signs and measuring the ration of complete to incomplete stops made by drivers
Your textbook's definition of an action potential is _____. a) the likelihood that a neuron will take action when stimulated b) the tendency for a neuron to be potentiated by neurotransmitters c) a neural impulse that carries information along the axon of a neuron d) the firing of a nerve, either toward or away from the brain
c) a neural impulse that carries information along the axon of a neuron
Researchers gave participants varying amounts of a new "memory" drug. Then they gave them a story to read, and measured their scores on a quiz. The _____ would be the independent variable (IV), and the _____ would be the dependent variable (DV). a) response to the drug; amount of the drug b) experimental group; control group c) amount of exposure to the drug; quiz scores d) researcher variables; extraneous variables
c) amount of exposure to the drug; quiz scores
Students were divided into two groups. Students in one group were ignored when they talked without raising their hands. Students in the other group were attended to in the teacher's usual manner. The independent variable in this experiment was _____. a) initial levels of talking b) decreased talking c) attention from the teacher d) division of students into two groups
c) attention from the teacher
The scientific study of the biology of behavior and mental processes is called _______. a) biopsychocognition b) behavioral biology c) biopsychology d) biobehaviorism
c) biopsychology
The idea that depression is influenced by genetics and neurotransmitters, learned responses and thinking patterns, and socioeconomic status and culture represents the _____ model of psychology. a) psychiatric b) evolutionary c) biopsychosocial d) eclectic
c) biopsychosocial
A new, integrative model that proposes that physiological and genetic, cognitive and emotional, and environmental factors all affect and are affected by one another is called the _______. a) biobehavioral environmental model. b) eclectic model c) biopsychosocial model d) consolidation model
c) biopsychosocial model
If you wanted to study someone with a rare disorder such as photophobia (the fear of light), your BEST research option would be a/an _____. a) experimental study b) correlational study c) case study d) survey
c) case study
Samantha specializes in evaluating, diagnosing, and treating mental and behavioral disorders. Samantha is a ______________ psychologist. a) experimental b) biopsychologist c) clinical d) developmental
c) clinical
In your textbook, the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information is called _____. a) empiricism b) science c) critical thinking d) mental processing
c) critical thinking
An impulse travels through the structures of the neuron in the following order: a) cell body, axon, dendrites b) cell body, dendrites, axon c) dendrites, cell body, axon d) axon, cell body, dendrites
c) dendrites, cell body, axon
A chemical substance in the nervous system that is involved in pain control, pleasure, and memory is _____. a) morphine b) epinephrine c) endorphin d) acetylcholine
c) endorphin
While conducting research, you unintentionally provide subtle cues to the study's participants about the purpose of the research, which influences your results in the direction you expected. This is a demonstration of _____. a) ethnocentric research b) misapplication of an independent variable c) experimenter bias d) none of these options
c) experimenter bias
The BEST definition of the myelin sheath is a _____. a) protein membrane that increases the electrical receptivity of axons b) fatty substance that collects inside axons, slowing the rate of an action potential c) fatty insulation wrapped around some axons that increases the rate at which impulse travel along the axon d) protein that converts food into energy within the nucleus of a neuron
c) fatty insulation wrapped around some axons that increases the rate at which impulse travel along the axon
Which of the following is NOT one of the major contemporary perspectives in psychology? a) behavioral b) evolutionary c) functionalism d) cognitive e) all of these
c) functionalism
The cells that provide structural, nutritional, and other support for neurons are called _____ cells. a) nerve b) axon c) glial d) dendrite
c) glial
The psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s that stressed free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking was the __________ perspective. a) behavioral b) cognitive c) humanistic d) psychodynamic
c) humanistic
A participant's agreement to take part in a study after being told what to expect is known as _____. a) participant observer b) placebo effect c) informed consent d) debriefing
c) informed consent
Dr. DiMassio is studying PET (brain) scans in patients with schizophrenia and comparing them to PET scans in people who have no psychological disorders. It is likely that Dr. DiMassio is a _____. a) health psychologist b) developmental psychologist c) neuropsychologist d) psychologist
c) neuropsychologist
The scientific study of optimal human function is known as ______ a) optimism b) learned hopefulness c) positive psychology d) optimistic psychology
c) positive psychology
Ashlee is a researcher interested in whether boys or girls grow more as a result of eating high-protein breakfast cereal. She has a control group from St. Thomas Academy in Boston that eats regular cereal, and an experimental group from an all-girls school in Witchita that eats a high protein cereal. She then measures the growth of each group at three month intervals. Although Ashlee manipulates variables in her study, it is not a true experiment because it lacks ________. a) a dependent variable b) a research question c) random assignment to groups d) Naturalistic observation
c) random assignment to groups
Tara is in 11th grade and is interested in studying the effects of text-messaging (rather than talking on the phone) on the quality of friendships. The FIRST step Tara would perform in order to follow the scientific method is ______. a) forming a testable hypothesis b) developing a theory c) reviewing the literature of existing theories d) designing a study
c) reviewing the literature of existing theories
A state of self-fulfillment in which we realize our highest potential, according to Abraham Maslow, is called _____. a) self-satisfaction b) joy c) self-actualization d) accomplishment
c) self-actualization
Most poisons and drugs act at the _________ by replacing, decreasing or enhancing the amount of neurotransmitter. a) soma b) cell c) synapse d) all of the above
c) synapse
When an axon is not stimulated, it is in a polarized state called _____. a) steady state b) homeostasis c) the resting potential d) super polarized
c) the resting potentia
In a study to test the effects of alcohol on driving, you were in a group of participants that drove poorly. This means that ____. a) you were in the experimental group b) you were in the control group c) there is insufficient information to determine your group d) your license will be revoked at the end of the study
c) there is insufficient information to determine your group
Michael J. Fox has Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease results from: a) too little serotonin b) too much dopamine c) too little dopamine d) too much serotonin
c) too little dopamine
One of the BEST ways to deal with ethnocentrism in scientific research is to _____. a) create culturally diverse research review committees b) provide cultural sensitivity training to all researchers c) use cross-cultural sampling d) ignore it because cultural universals are more prevalent than cultural specifics
c) use cross-cultural sampling
Which of the following is an ethical concern of psychologists? a) The safety and health of research animals b) Protecting client confidentiality c) Deception in research d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Which of the following is TRUE of the cell body? a) It accepts incoming information from dendrites. b) It determines whether the neuron should fire and pass information on to the axon. c) It contains the cell nucleus. d) All of these options
d) All of these options
Which of the following is an example of a zero correlation? a) The relationship between your personality and the position of various stars and planets on the day of your birth b) The relationship between your height and your intelligence c) The relationship between what you had for breakfast and what the student closest to you is wearing d) All of these options
d) All of these options
Malcolm hits Jason because he took his toy. A psychologist from which psychological perspective would explain this behavior by explaining that humans learned to behave aggressively because aggression conveys a survival or reproductive advantage? a) A behavioral psychologist b) A cognitive psychologist c) A biopsychologist d) An evolutionary psychologist
d) An evolutionary psychologist
A new anti-depressant is being tested in a study in which neither the patient, nor the physician, knows whether a patient is getting the drug or the placebo. However, due to the reported side effects, a questionnaire given after the data are collected reveals the 85% of participants and patients were correct in identifying whether they were in the experimental or control condition. Contrary to design expectations, the experiment was not ________. a) Effective b) Reliable c) Correlational d) Double blind
d) Double blind
_____ investigates how mental processes help people adapt to their environment. a) Structuralism b) Gestalt c) Cognitive processing d) Functionalism
d) Functionalism
Psychotherapy or "talk therapy" was developed by whom as a way to deal with unconscious conflicts? a) B. F. Skinner b) Carl Rogers c) William James d) Sigmund Freud
d) Sigmund Freud
What was one advantage of survey research that was mentioned in your text? a) Surveys can identify causes of behavior b) Surveys can provide more in-depth information than other research methods. c) Surveys can identify subject bias. d) Surveys can be used on larger samples than other research methods.
d) Surveys can be used on larger samples than other research methods.
The psychological school of thought called structuralism is associated with _____, and engages in the method of studying experience called _____. a) Wundt & James; introspection b) Titchner & James; introspection c) Tom & Jerry; cutting to the chase d) Wundt & Titchener; introspection
d) Wundt & Titchener; introspection
The BEST definition of an experiment is _____. a) a standardized scientific procedure for conducting investigations b) the identical treatment of participants in two groups to determine the effect of a dependent variable on an independent variable c) a systematic recording of behavior exhibited by participants in the laboratory d) a carefully controlled scientific procedure that determines whether variables manipulated by the experimenter have a causal effect on other variables
d) a carefully controlled scientific procedure that determines whether variables manipulated by the experimenter have a causal effect on other variables
Maria is thinking of running for student body president, but she wonders whether her campaign should emphasize campus security, improved parking facilities, or increased health services. Which scientific method of research would you recommend she use to determine the focus of her campaign? a) a case study b) naturalistic observation c) an experiment d) a survey
d) a survey
A therapist may be required to break client confidentiality if the client _____. a) threatens to hurt himself b) threatens to hurt others c) is abusing a child or an elder adult d) all of these options
d) all of these options
Both early and modern-day brain researchers have used _____ to study the brain. a) dissection of the brains of deceased humans b) lesion experiments on animals c) clinical observations or case studies of living people d) all of these options
d) all of these options
Neurotransmitters are _____. a) chemicals that cross the synaptic gap and bind to receptors on another neuron b) excitatory chemicals that make it more likely that a neuron will fire c) inhibitory chemicals that make it less likely that a neuron will fire d) all of these options
d) all of these options
One way to decrease participant bias is to _____. a) conduct single-blind studies b) offer anonymous participation c) use placebo controls d) all of these options
d) all of these options
If you prepared a study to determine ways to enhance athletic performance, you would be conducting _____ research. a) independent b) basic c) dependent d) applied
d) applied
If you prepared a study to determine which areas of the brain are used for working memory, you would be conducting _____ research. a) dependent b) independent c) application d) basic
d) basic
The psychological perspective that emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences of overt behavior is called the __________________________. a) psychodynamic perspective b) functionalist perspective. c) overt perspective. d) behavioral perspective.
d) behavioral perspective
Modern day psychology emphasizes: a) common sense b) psychic phenomena c) controlling behavior d) critical thinking
d) critical thinking
5. According to your textbook, the goals of psychology are to _____. a) explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind b) understand, compare, control, and analyze human behavior c) improve psychological well-being in all individuals from conception to death d) describe, explain, predict, and change behavior
d) describe, explain, predict, and change behavior
Natural selection, adaptation, and the evolution of behavior patterns are major emphases in the _____ perspective of psychology. a) psychobiological b) psychosocial c) ecological d) evolutionary
d) evolutionary
_______ scans measure brain activity by monitoring blood flow to specific areas of the brain. a) EMG b) EEG c) CT d) fMRI
d) fMRI
_____ are manipulated; _____ are measured. a) dependent variables; independent variables b) surveys; experiments c) statistics; correlations d) independent variables; dependent variables
d) independent variables; dependent variables
Salary and years of education are typically _____ correlated, and grade point average and the number of hours of television watched per day are typically _____ correlated. a) not; positively b) negatively; positively c) positively; not d) positively, negatively
d) positively, negatively
When a scientist chooses between using natural observation, case studies, surveys, or experimental method, (s)he is choosing the best for her study. a) hypothesis b) theory c) algorithm d) research design
d) research design
In your text, psychology is defined as the _____. a) science of conscious and unconscious forces on behavior b) empirical study of the mind c) scientific study of the mind d) scientific study of behavior and mental processes
d) scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Among other behaviors, this neurotransmitter also affects sleep, appetite, and emotional states. a) acetylcholine b) dopamine c) norepinephrine d) serotonin
d) serotonin
Certain forms of depression are related to lowered levels of _____. a) Prozac b) Zoloft c) GABA d) serotonin
d) serotonin
Lloyd is fascinated by interpersonal behavior, especially prejudice and other attitudes. It is likely that Lloyd is a(n) psychologist. a) cultural b) forensic c) experimental d) social
d) social
Numerous studies have been conducted on student test-taking behavior. The data from these studies have been compiled, and researchers have developed a set of concepts to explain this interrelated data and generate testable questions to verify these concepts. This set of concepts is called a(n) _____. a) hypothesis b) experimental study c) abstract d) theory
d) theory
Which of the following is NOT an identified step in time management that was identified in your text? a) Establish a baseline b) Set up a realistic schedule c) Reward yourself for good behavior d) Maximize your time e) All are identified steps
e) All are identified steps