Psychology: Chapters 4, 5, & 6

Amanda is texting and driving. Which of the following terms describes her level of consciousness?

Divided consciousness

Which one of the following statements is true regarding improving one's memory?

Don't try to remember everything.

Which of the following statements regarding hypnosis is true?

Ernest Hilgard believed that hypnosis was a special state of consciousness.

Turning on a furnace in the winter to remove the cold from the house is an example of what kind of learning?

Escape learning

Ivan Pavlov conducted an experiment where he wanted to train his dogs to drool at the sound of a bell. Which one of the following is the unconditioned stimulus?

Food

Maria was trying to recall all the people in her graduating class. She was able to remember some of them, but not all of them. What kind of task is she engaging in?

Free recall

Marco got a new phone number. After a few years, he had a hard time remembering his old phone number. What term describes what he is experiencing?

Retroactive interference

After getting into a bad car accident, Azim is not able to remember details of the accident itself. Which one of the conditions describes his condition?

Retrograde amnesia

In 6th grade, Raúl's teacher made him use his vocabulary words in sentences. Which encoding strategy did Raul's teacher use?

Semantic encoding

In which stage of memory does information stick around for a very brief time, a few seconds at most?

Sensory memory

Which one of the stages of memory is considered the workspace where we work on and actively manipulate information?

Short-term memory

Zereth is a 6-month-old who can tell the difference between a humidifier hum and a bottle warmer hum. Which one of the following terms describes Zereth's ability?

Stimulus discrimination

Little Albert was conditioned to be afraid of a white rat. However, his fear extended to everything white and fuzzy. Which of the following terms describes Albert's behavior?

Stimulus generalization

Which of the following statements is true regarding cell phones?

Students are more likely to have a hard time concentrating in class and making sense of the lecture's content when they are on the phone.

How much sleep is recommended for a teenager?

8-10 hours

Which of the following is a likely consequence of sleep deprivation?

A decrease in the body's natural immune system

Misty learned her ABC's by singing the alphabet song in kindergarten. Which encoding strategy did she use?

Acoustic encoding

Which one of the terms describes the memory tool "ROYGBIV" when trying to remember the colors of the rainbow?

Acronym

Which one of the terms describes the memory tool "King Phillip Came Over for Good Soup" to remember the classification of animals?

Acrostic

Which of the following drugs is the most widely used and abused depressant?

Alcohol

Who was the most popular and controversial psychologist of his time because of his work with operant conditioning?

B. F. Skinner

Which of the following stimulants can be used without sacrificing one's control over his or her life?

Caffeine

What did Thorndike discover when working with animals?

Cats found their way out of a puzzle box through trial-and-error.

Social security numbers are broken down into three groups of numbers. This illustrates which memory concept?

Chunking

Which of the following drugs causes an unprecedented 480,000 deaths per year?

Cigarettes

Emilia typically goes to bed by 10:00 but when her friend invited her to a party, she was excited to go. However, by 11:00 she could not stop yawning. Which of the following helps to regulate Emilia's sleep and wake cycle?

Circadian rhythms

Which of the following people is correctly matched to his contribution to psychology?

Edward Thorndike and Law of Effect

Which one of the following processes of memory involves converting information into a form that we can store in memory?

Encoding

Which one of the following principles is utilized during a gradual exposure treatment?

Extinction

Which one of the following schedules of reinforcement is illustrated by an employer who pays $3 for every 10 assembled boards?

Fixed ratio

Which of the following, although not a diagnosable disorder, is a growing concern among mental health care professionals?

Internet addiction

Rodrigo walked into the store and greeted the staff with enthusiasm. Suddenly, he collapsed, soundly asleep. Upon examination, he seemed to be okay. After 15 minutes, he woke up. Which sleep condition is Rodrigo likely exhibiting?.

Narcolepsy

How does a positive reinforcement modify behavior?

When something rewarding is added into a situation to make a behavior more likely to occur again

Which of the following is referred to as learning by association?

Classical conditioning

Which one of the following is true about the decay theory?

Hermann Ebbinghaus's research supported the decay theory some 2,500 years after its first appearance in writings.

Which one of the following is true regarding the role of the hippocampus in regards to memory?

Hippocampus is used temporarily for forming and holding new declarative memories.

What kind of learning involves an "AHA!" moment?

Insight learning

Who left the world of academia to pursue a career in advertising?

John Watson

Which of the following statements regarding consciousness is true?

Repetitive physical activity can induce an altered state of consciousness.

Four-year-old Rabeya watches her older sister practice her letters. A few week later, Rabeya decides to try writing her letters too, and can correctly form several of them. Which type of learning did Rabeya experience?

Latent learning

According to scientists, which of the following activities is a human brain more likely to focus on for an extended amount of time?

Looking at Facebook

Which of the following stimulant-like drugs can cause depression or other psychological effects, may impair learning, attention, and memory, and in high doses, can be lethal.

MDMA

Which of the following synthetic opioids is used to curb withdrawal symptoms when users stop taking heroin?

Methadone

Mr. Florez has come to the pharmacy monthly over the last year to get his monthly prescription of oxycodone to treat his pain. This month, however, a new prescription was sent to the pharmacy with an increased dose. Which of the following could be a reason as to why he needed an increase in dose?

Mr. Florez is experiencing increased tolerance.

Which of the following is true regarding tobacco and nicotine use?

Nicotine, although a milder stimulant, is highly addictive.

Which term refers to learning that occurs through imitation?

Observational learning

Which one of the following processes of memory involves remembering what you've learned to answer questions on a test?

Retrieving

Which one of the following statements is true regarding eyewitness testimony?

Open-ended questions increase the accuracy of eyewitness testimony.

Superstitious behavior can be explained by what principle?

Operant conditioning

In which way will a stimulus help to strengthen the conditioned response?

Pairing a conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus.

When trying to remember time change and directions, the saying "spring forward, fall back" to remember which way to reset the clocks is an example of what memory tool?

Popular sayings and rhymes

What principle of operant conditioning occurs when you receive recognition for a job well done, motivating you to continue to do a job well?

Positive reinforcement

Isabel volunteered to be hypnotized. Upon awakening, the hypnotist told her to rub her stomach after he said the word "funny." Isabel, upon coming out of the session, rubbed her stomach after the hypnotist said that the whole experience was funny. Which of the following is Isabel reacting to?

Posthypnotic suggestion

After December 31, 2021, Kaia has a hard time remembering to use 2022 instead of 2021. What term best describes what she is experiencing?

Proactive interference

You lay in bed and, before falling asleep, make a list of all the things in your mind you need to do tomorrow. What memory system are you using?

Prospective memory

Mr. Bacelis was in the supermarket and trying to remember which brand of frozen peas he had bought the last time by looking at the different boxes of peas in the store. What kind of task is he engaging in?

Recognition task

Which of the following is true about sleep?

The brain is active during REM sleep, whereas the body is practically paralyzed.

Which one of the following schedules of reinforcement is likely to produce responses at a steady but modest rate?

Variable-interval

Which one of the following schedules of reinforcement occurs a child gets occasionally gets a special dessert for eating their dinner?

Variable-interval

Who is considered the father of American psychology?

William James