psychology colloquium 1

Typical age range of sensorimotor stage (Piaget):

0-2

Typical age range of formal operational stage (Piaget)

12-...

when was psychology created

1879

Typical age range of preoperational stage (Piaget)

2-6/7

Typical age range of concrete operational stage (Piaget):

7 - 11

The defense mechanism of 'regression' involves what behavior?

Acting as you would have at a younger age

Which of the following is a branch of psychology?

All of the above (Developmental psychology, Clinical psychology, Forensic psychology)

Functionalism as a School of Psychology...

Attempts to understand why animals and humans have developed the particular psychological aspects that they currently possess

__ parents impose rules and expect obedience: "Don't interrupt." "Keep your room clean." "Don't stay out late or you'll be grounded." "Why? - Because I said so."

Authoritative

Which school of psychology believes that it is impossible to objectively study the mind?

Behaviorism

Pre-operational stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development characterizes..

Egocentrism

Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development is described as abstract reasoning?

Formal operational

In which technique, the patient talks to the analyst about whatever thoughts or images come to mind?

Free associations

Developmental and lifespan psychology is the scientific study of...

How and why people develop over time with regards to different psychological processes

A researcher uses an experimental design to study the effect of music on memory, In this experiment, the Independent Variable is:

Music

Which of the Freud's three main structures of personality is described to be "unconscious" and "pleasure seeking"?

Id

Structuralists primarily used a method of research called

Introspection

Who was the founder of classical conditioning?

Pavlov

Ali returned the pencil he took from Mammad's desk because he was afraid of the punishment if he got caught. This illustrates Kohlberg's....

Pre-conventional stage

According to Piaget, the second stage of cognitive development is:

Pre-operational stage

If a child is good because he wants to avoid punishment, which stage is he in?

Preconventional

Which school of psychology helps the patient to understand and accept repressed feelings and find ways to deal with them?

Psychodynamic

Which one is not a field of Psychology?

Psychodynamic Psychology

Which one is not field of Psychology?

Psychodynamic psychology

According to Jean Piaget, what is the first stage of cognitive development, occurring from birth to two years of age?

Sensorimotor stage

Identify the FALSE statement from the below

Social psychologists use psychological principles to understand the behavior of judges, attorneys, courtroom juries, and others in the criminal justice system.

Piaget's stage for infancy is...

The sensorimotor stage

Wundt was an important contributor to the Structuralism school of Psychology

True

Consider this sequence: (1) food, (2) salivation with food, (3) light with food, and (4) salivation with light. This procedure for presenting stimuli and observing responses with dogs is based on Pavlov's experiments, and represents which sequence of classical conditioning?

Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response

In psychoanalytic (psychodynamic) method the main focus is on...?

Unconscious processes

A defense mechanism is usually used...

Unconsciously

Whose works marked the beginning of psychology as a distinct field from philosophy?

Wilheim Wundt and William James

Who was the founder of structuralism?

Wundt

__ was to structuralism as __ was to functionalism.

Wundt, James

What is a longitudinal design?

a research design in which the investigator follows certain individuals over a given time period, measuring change

What do children struggle to do in the concrete operational stage?

all of these (complete conservation tasks, understand the feelings of others, understand abstract ideas)

When people are presented with information and they are naturally analytical or the information is highly involving, they are likely to be persuaded via the _______ route to persuasion. When people are not engaged with the information, or they tend to make snap judgments, they are more likely to be persuaded via the _______ route

central; peripheral

When Pavlov conducted his experiments with dog, the sound of the bell was

conditioned stimulus

Sherif's classic study found that when making judgments of how far a dot of light was moving in public, participants' mean judgments __

converged to a common standard

When a person gets stress in his office, after reaching home he beats his wife and children to release his tension, he is using the following defense mechanism

displacement

Psychology as an independent science was founded in 4-3rd BC centuries by Greek philosophers

false

The Functionalism as school of Psychology was founded by Freud

false

The lower level of explanation focuses on interpersonal processes

false

Females are less obedient than males on Milgram type obedience tasks. This statement is __

false because there are no gender differences on this task

Which factor did not determine obedience in Milgram's experiment:

gender of the participant

Development of human being is influenced by...

heredity and environment

A psychologist studying what makes people laugh in different countries around the world is working on the __ level of explanation.

higher

In an experiment the researcher manipulates the __ variable and measure the __ vatiable

independent, dependent

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of

mind and behavior

Which of the following statements is TRUE: According to Piaget, children

must complete all the stages in the same order

The Asch conformity experiments are often interpreted as evidence for the power of conformity and __ social influence:

normative

Conformity due to the desire to gain acceptance and praise and avoid punishment and exclusion from others is known as ______

normative influence

Our compliance is to an explicit command is called:

obedience

Reinforcements were used within __ conditioning

operant

Which type of behavior modification relies on consequences?

operant conditioning

When attitudes are changed without careful thought about the issue or the arguments being used, the persuasion route being used is the __ route

peripheral

Dr. Black questioned a group of 9th graders about their career plans. This is an example of a(n)

questionnaire

Another term of reinforcement is...

reward

Piaget suggested that children progress through several distinct developmental stages. The order of these stages is

sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operationa!

A "social norm" is a

spoken and unspoken rules concerning how we ought to behave

A forensic psychologist would be most likely to study

the accuracy of eyewitness memory

Which of the following is not one of the four elements of persuasion, originally described by Karl Hovland, and used today in persuasion research?

the content of the communication

Which of the following factors reduce obedience?

the presence of other participants who are not obeying the experimenter

If a child is egocentric, which of the following behaviour would he/she exhibit?

they are focused on themselves

What is egocentric thinking?

thinking that has little regard for others

Cognitive Psychology focuses on mental processes

true

In Milgram's experiments the victim's emotional distance increased the level of obedience of the "teacher";

true

In classical conditioning the unlearned naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth is called...

unconditioned response

When Pavlov conducted his experiments with dog, the food that the dog salivated to was:

unconditioned stimulus

Regarding one of the elements of persuasion, credibility pertains to

whether or not the message communicator is viewed as being an expert and someone who can be trusted