Psychology Exam 3

When you use a city map to find your way to a restaurant, it has some physical characteristics of the actual objects—streets and their locations. Because of this, the map is a(n) ________ representation. A) analogical B) symbolic C) exemplar D) prototype

A) analogical

Shyla is considering going to the Halloween dance. She thinks about how she would feel regret if she did not attend, and she thinks about how she would be happy and excited to hang out with her friends if she did attend, so she decides to go. This example illustrates how A) anticipating emotions helps us make decisions. B) the affect-as-information theory works. C) current moods help us make judgments. D) display rules change our actions.

A) anticipating emotions helps us make decisions.

Ming is hiking around a lake to photograph it from a variety of angles, but she forgot to bring water with her. Soon, she cannot concentrate and goes back to her car to satisfy her thirst. Which of the following factors is most likely influencing Ming's behavior in this situation? A) drive reduction B) incentive C) optimal arousal D) the pleasure principle

A) drive reduction

Timo does not have many memories of his early childhood. However, one thing he remembers clearly is when he broke his favorite toy. He remembers crying for days when his parents would not replace it. This childhood memory may be especially clear for Timo because A) emotional events are more likely to be stored in long-term memory. B) crying is a primary emotional response. C) the hypothalamus stores emotions from childhood. D) the amygdala is not activated during episodes of crying.

A) emotional events are more likely to be stored in long-term memory.

Maya finds her customer service job to be frustrating and stressful. She tells her friend Jeff about her negative experience at work, and he tells her to force herself to smile while she is at work, an idea he learned in his psychology class. When Maya tries smiling at work, she finds her job less frustrating and even begins to enjoy it some days. The idea that Jeff shared with Maya is most likely the A) facial-feedback hypothesis. B) misattribution of arousal. C) reappraisal principle. D) Cannon-Bard theory.

A) facial-feedback hypothesis.

Which of the following best describes problem solving? A) finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal B) selecting the best option among a set of alternatives C) reasoning from general information to specific information D) using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable

A) finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal

The idea that one single intelligence factor contributes to performance on all intellectual tasks is known as the ________ intelligence theory. A) general B) single C) fluid D) crystallized

A) general

Hugh is sad that his best friend is studying abroad for the entire academic year. His brother tries to get him to go to some social events, but Hugh does not want to do anything. Hugh's behavior is not energized, directed, or sustained, and he is lacking A) motivation. B) emotion. C) self-actualization. D) homeostasis.

A) motivation.

Gwen has always experienced extreme anxiety regarding tests. After seeing a counselor, she learned how to regulate her emotions during exam week. Instead of thinking about the exams as a threat, she thinks of the exams as an opportunity to show how thoroughly she studied and how much she knows. Which strategy is Gwen using to regulate her emotions? A) reappraisal B) thought suppression C) distraction D) rumination

A) reappraisal

Which of the following can be categorized as a secondary emotion? A) shame B) sadness C) surprise D) disgust

A) shame

Marco wants to get an A on his exam. To do this, he divides up the material into small sections and focuses on learning a different section every day until he knows all of the material for the exam. Marco is ________ to achieve his goal of getting an A on his exam. A) using subgoals B) working backward C) creating an analogy D) using insight

A) using subgoals

The final exam for your psychology class is a(n) ________ test. A) aptitude B) achievement C) general intelligence D) standardized

B) achievement

Isaac is baking a cake by following the instructions in the recipe exactly. Isaac is using ________ to make the cake, which means that his cake will turn out correctly. A) insight B) an algorithm C) a heuristic D) restructuring

B) an algorithm

People from a variety of cultures are able to look at facial expressions and identify emotions like happiness and surprise. This evidence that facial expressions for emotions are universal suggests that A) cross-culturally, we learn how to express emotions in the same way. B) children learn how to express emotion by watching others. c) facial expression of emotions is biologically built in. D) evolution impacts the facial expressions we make when we experience emotions.

B) children learn how to express emotion by watching others

Sarah wants to do well in class because she is earning credit toward graduation. Joe wants to do well in class because he gets pleasure from learning new material. Sarah is influenced by ________ motivation. Joe is influenced by ________ motivation. A) intrinsic; extrinsic B) extrinsic; intrinsic C) intrinsic; intrinsic D) extrinsic; extrinsic

B) extrinsic; intrinsic

Ekman and colleagues found that several emotions are common to people around the world, including all of the following EXCEPT A) fear. B) guilt. C) sadness. D) disgust.

B) guilt.

Our ability to learn quickly, understand complex ideas, and use knowledge to solve problems demonstrates A) informal reasoning. B) intelligence. C) insight. D) formal reasoning.

B) intelligence.

After finishing elementary school, Mia moved to a new school district for middle school. Almost none of her friends from elementary school came with her to the new school. She feels anxious and quickly joins an after-school club. What motive may be driving Mia's behavior? A) egosystem goals B) need to belong C) reappraisal D) familiarity principle

B) need to belong

Terry's home was destroyed in a hurricane. It is hard to find food, so he is constantly hungry. However, he feels lucky because his family survived and he is together with his loved ones. According to Maslow's theory, Terry's ________ needs are not met, but his ________ needs are being met. A) safety; esteem B) physiological; belonging C) physiological; esteem D) safety; belonging

B) physiological; belonging

Cognitive schemas allow for easy, fast processing of information about people, events, or groups that are related in some way. However, when we make generalizations about these people, events, or groups, we are using A) concepts. B) stereotypes. C) the exemplar model. D) the prototype model.

B) stereotypes.

When solving a problem using insight, the solution is reached A) by achieving one's subgoals. B) suddenly when it just pops into one's head. C) based on how similar the problem is to other problems. D) by starting at the goal state and working backward.

B) suddenly when it just pops into one's head.

When you brainstorm a list of words and concepts that are related to your personality traits, you are writing words that are related to an abstract mental concept. Because of this you are using a(n) ________ representation. A) analogical B) symbolic C) heuristic D) algorithm

B) symbolic

You get to your car and realize you have lost your keys. So you think of the last time you saw your keys and retrace your steps from that point. You are using the problem-solving technique of ________ to help find your keys. A) subgoals B) working backward C) analogy D) sudden insight

B) working backward

According to the paradox of choice, having some choice is good, and having even more choice A) makes people feel more satisfied with their decisions. B) forces people to use an algorithm to make decisions. C) can be frustrating and impair thinking. D) allows us to have insight about what we really want.

C) can be frustrating and impair thinking.

Blake is waiting to hear whether he has been accepted to medical school. He is so anxious that he is having trouble working. To cope with the situation, he tries to keep himself from thinking about it by practicing the guitar. In doing so, Blake is dealing with his feelings through A) rumination. B) thought suppression. C) distraction. D) reappraisal.

C) distraction.

Joe has an incredible ability to memorize whatever he reads in a book, and he can recite all the cities in the United States alphabetically. However, he has difficulty doing simple tasks like taking the bus. Joe most likely A) performs well on choice reaction-time tests. B) has a high IQ. C) is a savant. D) performs well on simple reaction-time tests.

C) is a savant.

Using an analogy to help solve a problem is most likely to occur when the problem A) is very specific and well-defined. B) has many subgoals. C) is similar to another problem. D) cannot be solved by working backward.

C) is similar to another problem.

If you have a higher level of general intelligence, you are also likely to have better A) parenting skills. B) interpersonal relationships. C) physical health. D) emotional regulation.

C) physical health.

When we encounter a difficult problem, thinking about the problem in a new way can help solve it. This technique is known as A) using a mental set. B) functional fixedness. C) restructuring. D) using an analogy.

C) restructuring

Which of the following is NOT an example of thinking? A) translating your Spanish homework into English B) calculating the tip on your dinner bill C) taking a nap with soft music playing D) using a map to drive to a new store

C)taking a nap with soft music playing

Winona has difficulty determining how fearful someone is based on the person's facial expressions. Her friends worry that she can no longer process the emotional significance of stimuli due to brain damage and think there is a problem with Winona's A) hippocampus. B) prefrontal cortex. C) thalamus. D) amygdala.

D) amygdala

Which of the following can be categorized as a primary emotion? A) guilt B) shame C) remorse D) disgust

D) disgust

Jie recently got out of a bad relationship and she is excited to be single again. Jie's friend, Nico, suggests that he would interpret that excitement negatively, if it were he. Excitement, in this example, is a(n) ________ because it is subjective and personal relative to the individual experiencing it. A) arousal B) attitude C) motivation D) emotion

D) emotion

According to the theory of multiple intelligences, the famous authors Mark Twain and Dr. Seuss most likely possessed high ________ intelligence. A) musical B) spatial C) intrapersonal D) linguistic

D) linguistic

Terri is an experienced matchmaker. She tells her clients who are looking for romantic connections that good first dates should be active experiences that make your heart race, resulting in excitement or fear. When her clients follow her advice, they are more likely to feel a romantic connection with a new partner on the first date. On what psychological concept is Terri relying when giving this advice? A) reappraisal B) facial feedback C) delayed gratification D) misattribution of arousal

D) misattribution of arousal

Daria is writing a lecture and wants to explain the difference between being motivated by states of biological deficiency versus being motivated by incentives. Which of the following should she include as an example of an incentive that can motivate behavior even though it is NOT related to a so-called need? A) water B) sleep C) achievement D) money

D) money

A man is skiing skillfully down a mountain. This man would most likely score high on bodily kinesthetic intelligence, according to the ________ theory. A) general intelligence B) triarchic C) emotional intelligence D) multiple intelligences

D) multiple intelligences

After he was robbed, Marcus kept replaying the incident in his mind. "Why did I leave the door unlocked? Some of my stuff was irreplaceable and I can never get it back." By continually focusing on this negative event, Marcus is exhibiting A) thought suppression. B) misattribution. C) distraction. D) rumination.

D) rumination.

Which of the following best describes reasoning? A)finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal B)selecting the best option among a set of alternatives C)choosing between general information and specific information D)using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable

D)using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable