Psychology Exam 4

just-world phenomenon

Chuck has just moved into a new neighborhood. This new neighborhood is full of drug addicts living in rundown houses in horrible condition. He often sees them struggling to find food on the street and shivering through the cold winter. When his friend asks him if he feels badly seeing these people suffer, Chuck replies, "Good people don't end up that way, so I don't feel bad for them." His attitude best illustrates the _____.

role

DeWayne is a police officer. When he is off the job, he is an easygoing, fun-loving person who enjoys life. When he is on the job, he is a very stern, serious, and no-nonsense police officer. DeWayne's professional behavior is an example of a(n) _____.

frontal lobe

Deficits in the functioning of the _____, accompanied by lower intelligence test scores, are positively correlated with aggression. amygdala temporal lobe Broca's area frontal lobe

dsyfunction

Deviant and stressful behaviors are more likely to be considered disordered when also judged to be a harmful _____.

depression

John has been having difficulties getting out of bed. He is not interested in going out with friends, and does not even answer the phone. John has let a number of bills go unpaid, he is sleeping 12-14 hours a day, and he cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. John is most likely suffering from a _____ disorder.

antisocial

Low levels of anxiety are most characteristic of _____ personality disorder.

five

Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder characterized by at least _____signs of depression.

learning

Participants in Stanley Milgram's obedience experiments were informed that they were involved in a study of _____.

inactive and unmotivated

People trapped in a depressed mood are: inactive and unmotivated. inactive, although motivated. active, although unmotivated. active and motivated.

OCD (obsessive compulsive)

People who are troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions are suffering from _____ disorder.

are tense and apprehensive all of the time

People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder: suffer from delusions. interrupt conversations and act impulsively. are tense and apprehensive all of the time. are prone to sleep too much.

narcissistic

People with a(n) _____ personality disorder have a tendency to exaggerate their own importance. They do not accept criticism very well and are known to react to it with rage or shame.

avoidant

Personality disorders can be classified into three clusters. One cluster expresses anxiety, such as that exhibited in _____ personality disorder. People with this personality disorder are so fearful of rejection that it predisposes them to withdraw from society.

cognitive dissonance theory

Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student, despite his doubts about her competence. After writing the letter, he began to develop a more favorable attitude about the student's abilities. Which theory best explains why? social exchange theory two-factor theory cognitive dissonance theory equity theory

anorexia nervosa

Raquel was initially excited to make the cheerleading squad. However, her parents noticed that she stopping eating dinner with them, wanted to help make most meals, and had a list of good and bad foods. She began portioning the amount of food she ate and weighing food. Most concerning was the significant weight drop from a healthy 115 pounds to 90 pounds. This case demonstrates symptoms of: anorexia nervosa. a phobia. bulimia nervosa. binge eating disorder

more

Research shows that, after extensive exposure to X-rated sexual films, men are subsequently _____ accepting of women's sexual submission and more likely to perceive a woman's friendliness as sexual interest.

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Researchers asked homeowners for permission to install a large, poorly-lettered sign in their front yards. Only 17 percent of the homeowners consented to the installations. Researchers then approached different homeowners and asked if they could post a small sign. Nearly all agreed. Then, when asked two weeks later if they could post the large, ugly sign, 76 percent consented. The results of this experiment support: the mere exposure effect. the fundamental attribution error. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. motivated forgetting.

OCD

Sally is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for four hours per day. In particular, the fringe on her rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time, and she often repeats this 10 to 12 times per day. Her experience is most symptomatic of a(n): obsessive-compulsive disorder. panic disorder. generalized anxiety disorder. phobia.

psst-traumatic growth

Seven months ago, Quinn witnessed the gruesome murder of a close friend. Although many people expected him to suffer from this, he seemed to have the opposite reaction. He had a greater appreciation for life, his relationships with his family became more meaningful, and he became more involved in his faith. Quinn's response is known as: post-traumatic growth. a phobia. obsessive-compulsive disorder. post-traumatic stress disorder.

panic attacks

Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra most likely is suffering from _____.

bipolar

Shawn has a fraternal twin who was recently diagnosed with _____ disorder. Research suggests that the chances are about 2 in 10 that Shawn will also suffer from this disorder at some point in his life.

the frustration-aggression principle

Shortly after learning he did not make it onto his high school football team, Alex vandalized the team's locker room and broke several of the school's windows. His behavior is best explained in terms of: the mere exposure effect. group polarization. social loafing. the frustration-aggression principle.

psychoanalytical perspective

Sigmund Freud proposed that, beginning in childhood, people repress intolerable impulses, ideas, and feelings. Freud's theory uses the: medical model. psychoanalytic perspective. biopsychosocial approach. social-cognitive perspective

tendency for people to exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone.

Social loafing refers to the: -tendency for people to exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone. -tendency to spend more time being productive when in the company of one's peers. -tendency for people to exert more effort when working in groups than when working alone. -social norm that obligates the general public to help those who may not be completely able to help themselves (e.g., children and the elderly).

attitudes are formed through experience, and they have a interest in the subject

Social psychologists have found that people are most likely to behave in accordance with their attitudes when: -attitudes are only occasionally expressed. -attitudes are formed through experience, and they have a vested interest in the subject. -they have very little knowledge about the subject. -they have no idea what the response of others will be.

2013

The DSM 5was published in: 2010. 2013. 1995. 2005.

26

The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health estimates that _____ percent of adult Americans suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year. 36 26 16 6

central route to persuasion; peripheral route to persuasion

The _____ occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts, while the _____ occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness. -peripheral route to persuasion; central route to persuasion -central route to persuasion; peripheral route to persuasion -confirmation bias; hindsight bias -hindsight bias; confirmation bias

serotonin

The brains of people who suffer from depression tend to have low levels of _____.

fundamental attribution

The common tendency in individualistic cultures to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external or situational factors, is called the _____ error.

rape myth

The idea that some women invite or enjoy rape and get "swept away" while being "taken" is held by many rapists. It is a false belief known as the _____.

PTSD

The rate of _____ in Vietnam veterans vary from 10 percent among those who never experienced combat to up to 32 percent among those who had experienced heavy combat

suicide

The risk of _____ is greatest for those diagnosed with depression when they begin to rebound and feel capable of following through with their plans.

psychoanalytical perspective

The suggestion that dissociative identity disorder symptoms are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the: biopsychosocial approach. psychoanalytic perspective. medical model. social-cognitive perspective.

generalized anxiety disorder

This disorder is characterized by symptoms of unexplained and continually tense and uneasy feelings. panic disorder generalized anxiety disorder PTSD OCD

schizophrenia

This disorder is most likely to result in the person living in poverty. depression PTSD schizophrenia OCD

depression

n terms of pervasiveness, _____ is to psychological disorders as the common cold is to mild physical illnesses. schizophrenia antisocial personality disorder dissociative disorder depression

stress disorder

A _____ is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms that include haunting memories and nightmares, jumpy anxiety, social withdrawal, and insomnia. panic disorder stress disorder phobia generalized anxiety disorder

8.5

A month after the attacks on the United States in September 2001, a survey of Manhattan residents indicated that _____ percent were suffering from PTSD.

social loafing

A person in a group tends to exert MORE effort when he is individually accountable than when he is working with others toward a common goal. This is known as _____.

antisocial personality disorder

A person with _____ is aggressive, ruthless, and shows no sign of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing. antisocial personality disorder generalized anxiety disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder dissociative identity disorder

one half

About _____ of all children whose lack of conscience seems to be apparent before age 15 will become antisocial adults. one third one half one quarter three quarters

4

About one in _____ people diagnosed with depression is simply struggling with the emotional impact of a significant loss.

frontal

According to a study by Adrian Raine, PET scans imply reduced activation in the _____ lobes of a murderer's cortex. temporal occipital frontal parietal

scapegoat

After the attacks on the United States of America in 2001, some Americans boycotted Arab-American stores and lashed out at any Middle-Eastern person they saw. This behavior is best explained in terms of the _____ theory.

serotonin

Aggression is associated with low levels of which neurotransmitter? serotonin norepinephrine dopamine endorphins

empathy

Alexandra is well-liked by her friends. When you watch her, you can see that she mimics her friends' gestures and seems to match their moods. Tanya Chartrand would suggest that this automatic mimicry is a component of: authenticity. subjectivity. empathy. prejudice.

phobia

Although Mark realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them and takes an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a(n) _____.

phobias

Although _____ are more common, depression is the most common reason people seek mental health services. traumas phobias dissociative identity disorders personality disorders

are at increased risk for antisocial behavior

Although the cause of antisocial personality disorder is unclear, some people do appear to have a genetic vulnerability. For example, twin and adoption studies indicate that biological relatives of those with antisocial personality disorder: -are at increased risk for antisocial behavior. -are at decreased risk for antisocial behavior. -have increased autonomic arousal when awaiting aversive events. -have normal frontal lobe cognitive functions.

1 in 6

Among American veterans of the United States invasion of Iraq, about _____ U.S. combat infantry personnel have reported symptoms of PTSD, depression, or severe anxiety in the months after returning home. 1 in 4 1 in 5 1 in 6 1 in 7

specific and temporary

An effective way to break the cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are: specific and temporary. temporary and global. stable and specific. global and stable.

biopsychosocial

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by a(n) _____ approach.

norepinephrine

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter _____ is most likely to be associated with a manic episode.

dissociative identity

Angel has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it wasn't him and that he knows nothing about the crime as his alter ego must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Angel does not suffer from _____ disorder as the host is never co-conscious with the alter egos.

fundamental attribution error

As you are driving to campus one day another car cuts you off and speeds ahead. Immediately you yell out "Crazy driver!," not realizing that the person may be rushing to get to the hospital. Your judgment best illustrates the _____.

the medical model

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of: psychoanalytic theory. the medical model. the DSM- 5. linkage analysis.

cognitive dissonance

Before Carly left for college, she told her friend Maggie that she thought sororities were filled with snobs and that she would never consider joining one. However, during Carly's first week on campus, she was approached by a sorority member who invited her to a social function and encouraged her to pledge. After Carly attended the party, she told Maggie, "Sororities do a lot of good things for the community. They're really service organizations." Carly's change in attitude to match her behavior is an example of _____.

7 in 10

Billy has an identical twin who was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Research suggests that the chances are about _____ that Billy will also suffer from bipolar disorder at some point in his life. 5 in 10 3 in 10 9 in 10 7 in 10

mania

Bipolar disorder is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of _____.

bipolar disorder

Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It is very likely that Boris is suffering from a(n): major depressive disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder. dissociative disorder. bipolar disorder.

attention-deficit hyperactivity

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of _____ disorder.

generalized anxiety

By age 50, _____ disorder becomes rare

women are nearly twice as likely to suffer from major depression as are men

Depression is a serious, common psychological problem that affects many people. Although questions remain concerning the cause or causes of depression, we do know that: -the rate of major depressive disorder is decreasing. -most major depressive episodes do not self-terminate. -major depressive episodes are never preceded by stressful events. -women are nearly twice as likely to suffer from major depression as are men.

B

Despite having several features in common, what is the primary distinction between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa? A) Those suffering from anorexia nervosa do not engage in food purging behaviors, while those suffering from bulimia nervosa do engage in food purging behaviors. B) Those suffering from anorexia nervosa are drastically underweight, while those suffering from bulimia nervosa are within or above the normal range. C) Those suffering from anorexia nervosa do not display a binge-purge-depression cycle, while those suffering from bulimia nervosa do display a binge-purge-depression cycle. D) Those suffering from anorexia nervosa tend to be at least 15 percent overweight, while those suffering from bulimia nervosa tend to be at least 15 percent underweight.

dysfunctional

Deviant and stressful behaviors are more likely to be considered disordered when also judged to be: a bother to others. gratifying. enabling. dysfunctional.

generalized anxiety disorder

Diane is concerned about things at work even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her home life even when she is at work. Diane has a free-floating anxiety that leaves her tense and irritable, impairs her concentration, and results in many sleepless nights. Diane suffers from a(n): generalized anxiety disorder. phobia. persistent depressive disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

attitude

Discrimination is a negative behavior, whereas prejudice is a negative _____.

group polarization

Discussing an issue with those who also agree with your position on this issue is likely to strengthen your views and move you further away from those with whom you disagree. This phenomenon is called _____.

social

Dr. Perez is conducting research about how people form impressions of other people and how they interpret each others' behavior in a variety of situations. Dr. Perez is probably a(n) _____ psychologist. social clinical developmental cognitive

She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph.D. from a prestigious university

Dr. Yen is designing an experiment on obedience to authority. She will set up a learning laboratory and have participants deliver loud blasts of sound as punishment for incorrect answers (given by a confederate of the researcher). How can Dr. Yen increase the likelihood of the participants' obedience? -She can set up the learning laboratory in a room above a restaurant. -She can make the participants think she is unsure of her role as an authority figure. -She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph.D. from a prestigious university. -She can have a second confederate in the room who is a role model for defiant behavior.

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Early one Halloween evening, Bart's friends asked him to join them in smashing their neighbors' decorative pumpkins. He complied. Later, he was surprised by his own failure to resist them when they asked him to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience best illustrates the: bystander effect. foot-in-the-door phenomenon. frustration-aggression principle. fundamental attribution error.

is LEES likely to attempt suicide than her friends who drink alcohol

Eighteen-year-old Bianca is an unmarried, white American high school senior. Bianca is experiencing a major depressive episode, and her depression is at its lowest point. However, Bianca does NOT drink or use drugs. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Bianca: -is LESS likely than a male to attempt suicide. -is EQUALLY as likely to attempt suicide as her drug and alcohol using friends. -is MORE likely to attempt suicide, because her energy and initiative are lacking. -is LESS likely to attempt suicide than her friends who drink alcohol.

is NOT classified as an illness

Elsa is a 50-year-old teacher who is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality: -The APA has no opinion about homosexuality. -does NOT put her at greater risk for mental health problems. -is NOT classified as an illness. -is classified as an illness.

obedience

Experiments by Stanley Milgram on the topic of _____ showed that Americans were as likely to follow orders as Nazi Germans.

A person with ADHD disorder will exhibit all of these behaviors

Finn has been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following problems might he be exhibiting? -distractibility -fidgetiness -impulsiveness -A person with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder will exhibit all of these behaviors.

deindividuation

Frieda is typically very shy. However, while watching a rock concert with a huge crowd, she lost her inhibitions and behaved in a sexually provocative way. Frieda's unusual behavior is best understood in terms of: deindividuation. the mere exposure effect. social facilitation. the bystander effect.

"She must be having a bad day"

Gussie and Max have been happily married for 54 years. This morning, however, Gussie made an unkind remark about Max's table manners. Given research findings on marital satisfaction and attribution, what did Max think of this comment? "She is a perfectionist with no patience." "She has a negative personality disorder." "She must be having a bad day." "She is always on my case; she is such an unforgiving person."

two identical twins

If one of the members of the following pairs suffers from anorexia nervosa, the other has the highest risk of developing the illness in which case? two identical twins two fraternal twins two non-related (adopted) siblings siblings born within 2 years of each other

bulimia nervosa

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Melissa uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of: binge eating disorder. anorexia nervosa. bulimia nervosa. a phobia.

normal social influence

In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family in order to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of: social facilitation. obedience. the mere exposure effect. normative social influence.

no one else was pulling with them

In one study on social loafing, blindfolded students were asked to pull on a rope as hard as they could. The students pulled hardest when they thought: no one else was pulling with them. no one was monitoring how hard they pulled. three others were pulling with them. three others were pulling against them.

the chameleon effect

In one study, participants who worked alongside someone who rubbed his face or shook his foot were observed to produce the same behaviors. This mimicry illustrates: the mere exposure effect. the chameleon effect. the bystander effect. social loafing.

12

In the 1980s, when the DSM contained the first formal code for DID, the average number of displayed personalities mushroomed from 3 to _____ per patient. 6 8 12 10

normative social influence

Javier has the potential to be an honor student but frustrates his teachers because of his actions. Rather than work to succeed, he tends to "dummy down" to act more like the students with whom he hangs out. He has at times answered questions incorrectly in class, on purpose, in order to be more like his friends. Javier's behavior is an example of: ethnocentrism. normative social influence. groupthink. informational social influence.

ingroup bias

Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. This belief best illustrates: the just-world phenomenon. the social responsibility norm. deindividuation. ingroup bias.

antisocial

Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates _____ personality disorder.

generalized anxiety disorder

Lenore is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n): phobia. persistent depressive disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder. generalized anxiety disorder.

the just-world phenomenon

Marcus was upset because his boss, who had promised him a raise, decided not to give him the raise and to give it to a rival of Marcus instead. Marcus told his wife that he believed "what comes around goes around" and that both will "get theirs." This is an example of: the mere exposure effect. mirror-image perceptions. the just-world phenomenon. deindividuation.

the fundamental attribution error

Marilyn thinks strict class attendance policy is an indication of her professor's overly-controlling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions (the course meets only once a week). Her judgment best illustrates: the fundamental attribution error. the mere exposure effect. group polarization. confirmation bias.

is very likely to behave in accordance with his attitudes.

Marshall frequently expresses his extreme attitude about gun control legislation. He is very knowledgeable about the topic, and he has a vested interest in the subject. According to the attitudes-follows-behavior principle, Marshall: -is likely to privately behave in a way that is just the opposite of the attitudes he has publicly expressed. -will tend to talk a lot about this topic but is not likely to take any concrete action. -is very likely to behave in accordance with his attitudes. -is likely to behave only in ways that will gain him social acceptance and approval.

informational social influence

Megan was invited to a black-tie dinner at the Ritz-Carlton. She has never been served a 10-course meal before so she is unfamiliar with the social etiquette regarding silverware selection. Because Megan is in a foreign environment, she gets through the night by watching others who appear to know what they are doing. For each course, she follows their selection of silverware. Megan is displaying _____.

a stereotype

Mr. Rogers thinks that all teenagers are reckless, promiscuous, irresponsible delinquents. Mr. Rogers appears to be associating qualities that are unrelated to the objective evidence that define all members of this particular age group. Mr. Rogers is demonstrating: the mere exposure effect. prejudice. the social responsibility norm. a stereotype.

All of these factors classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder

Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because, as a nurse practitioner, it is an important part of her job. Why is Naima's hand washing considered part of a psychological disorder while Rana's is not? -The behavior is dysfunctional for Naima. -The behavior causes Naima distress. -The behavior is deviant for someone whose work does not demand it. -All of these factors classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder.

vicious cycle

Neal has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Neal interprets negative stressful events using a pessimistic explanatory style. His explanatory style creates a hopeless depressed state, which then hampers the way Neal thinks and acts, causing more negative stressful events. Neal's depression may be caused by a(n): transmitter imbalance. defense mechanism. vicious cycle. misattribution.

prejudice; stereotypes

Negative attitudes toward another group of people are referred to as _____ and are based on a mixture of beliefs called _____. stereotypes; prejudice prejudice; stereotypes discrimination; prejudice prejudice; discrimination

schizoid

One cluster of personality disorders expresses eccentric behavior and includes _____ personality disorder. People with this personality disorder can be described as having an emotionless disengagement.

deindividuation

Some people lose self-awareness and self-restraint during a large sporting event or mob action. This is known as _____.

scapegoat

Studies imply that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated. This offers support for the _____ theory.

monkeys

Susan Mineka demonstrated that wild _____ transmit their fear of snakes to their watchful offspring.

panic disorder

Symptoms that can be incorrectly perceived as those of a heart attack are most characteristic of: bipolar disorder. panic disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder. persistent depressive disorder.

just-world phenomenon

The jury deliberated on the rape case for more than eight hours. Some of the jurors commented that the rape victim had a history of going out to various bars and had been dressed too provocatively. These jurors said that by looking like that, she had been asking to be assaulted. Their opinion is best explained in terms of the _____.

hyperattentive

The link between conditioned fear and general anxiety helps explain why anxious people are _____ to possible threats, and how panic-prone people come to associate anxiety with certain cues.

social facilitation

The local basketball team seems to perform better in front of the home crowd on their home court. This best illustrates: the bystander effect. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. normative social influence. social facilitation.

attribution

The mental process of inferring the causes of people's behavior, including one's own, is called _____.

social scripts

Tim enjoys watching violent action movies and television shows on most evenings, as well as listening to music with violent lyrics. When faced with real-life conflict, he tends to respond with aggressive behavior because he believes that he needs to "act like a man." According to social psychologists, he has learned _____, which are mental files for how to act.

serotonin

Trina suffers from depression. Her physician has placed her on an antidepressant that will help to increase her _____ supplies by blocking reuptake so that her receptor sites get enough of this neurotransmitter.

schizoid personality disorder

Walter keeps to himself at work, is quiet, and has a number of odd collections. Some people call him eccentric. He has only one friend who comes over to drink with him. Walter may be considered to have: schizoid personality disorder. antisocial personality disorder. histrionic personality disorder. narcissistic personality disorder.

chameleon

We feel happier in the presence of happy people than in the presence of depressed people. This is known as the _____ effect.

categorize

When Juan was asked by his best friend, Carlos, to go on a blind date with a friend of Carlos' girlfriend, Juan wanted to know her ethnicity. Juan wanted this information so he could _____ this woman in order to place her into a group and hopefully predict her behavior.

conformity

When people adjust their own behavior or thinking so that it coincides with a group standard, they are exhibiting: reciprocal determinism. conformity. the mere exposure effect. the self-serving bias.

the frustration-aggression principle

When the temperatures go up in the summer, the rates of violent crimes increase. This is best explained in terms of: the just-world phenomenon. the mere exposure effect. the frustration-aggression principle. the social responsibility norm.

minimal paternal involvement in the lives of children

Which of the following is a social-cultural influence on the expression of aggressive behavior? frustrating situations lower than normal levels of serotonin in the brain minimal paternal involvement in the lives of children rewards for aggressive behavior

In much of Africa, plumpness is equated with prosperity and thinness can signal AIDS, poverty, and hunger.

Why is it that African women have been found to rate their ideal body type as being significantly closer to their actual shape as compared to European and North American women? -Women in Africa marry far younger than women in Europe or the United States, and thus are not taught to "care" about their appearances. -The basal metabolic rates of women in Africa have been found to be significantly higher than the rates of women in European and the United States. -In much of Africa, plumpness is equated with prosperity and thinness can signal AIDS, poverty, and hunger. -Africa is a very individualistic culture, while European and North American countries tend to be far more collectivist.

obsessive-compulsive (OCD)

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of a(n)_____ disorder.

post-traumatic stress disorder

Years after he barely survived an attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of: obsessive-compulsive disorder. a phobia. post-traumatic stress disorder. generalized anxiety disorder.

groupthink

You are the expert on psychometrics and assessment; however, three of the clinicians disagree on your choice of scales. You decide to change your opinion for the good of the group. This best illustrates: social facilitation. group polarization. the bystander effect. groupthink.

foot-in-the-door

You are trying to convince your parents to send you to Europe. First, you ask them for a small favor (a bus ticket to a local city), hoping that later they will be more willing to send you on the longer trip. This technique is known as the _____ phenomenon.

Aggression

____ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy. Aggression Altruism Conformity Catharsis

Personality

____ disorders are characterized by inflexible and enduring maladaptive character traits that impair social functioning.

panic

_____ disorder is characterized by a person experiencing sudden episodes of intense dread.

Philippe Pinel

_____ insisted that madness was not "demon possession" but a sickness of the mind caused by severe stresses and inhumane conditions.

prejudice

_____ is an unjustifiable, usually negative, attitude toward a group and its members.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

_____ is characterized by one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Obsessive-compulsive disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Psychosis

panic disorder; hurricane

_____ is to anxiety as a(n) _____ is to a windy day. Bipolar disorder; calm day Schizophrenia; forest fire Panic disorder; hurricane Phobia; overcast day

informational social influence

_____ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. Situational attributions Dispositional attributions Normative social influence Informational social influence

Learning

_____ theorists see dissociative disorders as behaviors reinforced by anxiety reduction.