Psychology Exam #4 - Chapter 10

What is the difference between emotion and mood?

Emotion is subjective and intense, while mood is prolonged and less intense

According to the ________ theory of emotions, one's physiological arousal precedes the cognitive experience of a feeling.

James-Lange

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?

Naomi believes that she can successfully complete law school

What are the brain areas that are particularly important in sexual motivation?

Nucleus accumbens and amygdala (part of the limbic system)

What needs are represented by food, water, shelter, and warmth in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Physiological needs

What can be said about sexual orientation based on scientific data?

Sexual orientation is something we are born with

What does the Yerkes-Dodson law state?

Simple tasks are performed best with high arousal levels, complex tasks are performed best with low arousal levels

What is the refractory period?

The time immediately following an orgasm during which another orgasm is not possible

What might an advocate for arousal theory observe?

When bored, we seek excitement; when overexcited, we desire peace

Amir bites his fingernails when he is nervous or anxious, and he does so without any intention or even recognition that he is doing so. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage.

a habit

The need for ________ might explain why we "friend" people on social media websites, join clubs or hobby groups, and spend time with others when we might otherwise feel like being by ourselves.

affiliation

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior?

babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee

The ________ complex is the part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory.

basolateral

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs and finally striving for self-actualization.

biological; social

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________.

homeostasis

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________.

how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger

Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do, even though she receives no material rewards for doing so. Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation.

intrinsic

Research has found that the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala, both of which are part of the ________, are brain areas that are particularly important in sexual motivation.

limbic system

Tammy crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun—she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect.

overjustification

Food, water, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

physiological

Which of these would you not expect to occur during the excitement phase of the sexual response cycle?

reduction in pulse and blood pressure

Which of the following is the time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm?

refractory period

When one considers the majority of the scientific data that are available, what can be said about sexual orientation?

sexual orientation is something with which we are born

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

simple tasks are preformed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?

when we are bored we look for excitement, when we are overexcited we wish for more peace

What is the spectrum of needs in the hierarchy of needs?

Basic biological needs to social needs, striving for self-actualization

What is the part of the brain critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory?

Basolateral complex

What are the components of the amygdala?

Basolateral complex and nucleus.

What is the facial feedback hypothesis?

Belief that smiling can make someone feel happier.

What is an example of self-efficacy?

Believing that one can successfully complete law school

What is Jude's sexual orientation?

Bisexual

What is the main idea of drive theory?

deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that then push us to behave

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

esteem

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe in the ________

facial feedback hypothesis