Psychology Final 251 - 300

Linda receives an allowance every Saturday. She is rewarded on a _______ schedule. a. fixed interval b. variable interval c. fixed ratio d. variable ratio

a. fixed interval

Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage. Blake prefers working on a ________ schedule of reinforcement. a. fixed-ratio b. fixed-interval c. variable-interval d. variable-ratio

a. fixed-ratio

We are most likely to imitate the behavior of models if we observe that their actions are a. followed by reinforcement. b. extrinsically motivated. c. violent or antisocial. d. conditioned responses.

a. followed by reinforcement

Jacob's girlfriend was wearing a very alluring perfume on their recent date. On the date, his girlfriend was quite passionate, bringing him much joy. The following day when Jacob got into his car he smelled the lingering scent of his girlfriend's perfume and became transfixed with joy. Identify the US: a. Jacob's girlfriend b. the perfume c. joy in response to the perfume d. joy in response to the girlfriend

a. jacobs girlfriend

In a well-known experiment, preschool children pounded and kicked a large inflated Bobo doll that an adult had just beaten on. This experiment served to illustrate the importance of a. observational learning. b. classical conditioning. c. operant conditioning. d. vicarious punishment.

a. observational learning

Which type of learning is active and voluntary? a. operant conditioning b. latent learning c. classical conditioning d. observational learning

a. operant conditioning

A knitter gets a $20 dollars for sweater she knits. Knitting is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

a. strengthened by positive reinforcement

A man asks a woman out on a date and she says no. Asking the woman out is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

a. strengthened by positive reinforcement

A man asks a woman out on a date and she says yes. Asking the woman out is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

a. strengthened by positive reinforcement

A person speeds on the highway and gets to work on time. The person's speeding is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

a. strengthened by positive reinforcement

A person uses an umbrella to keep his clothes dry. Using an umbrella is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

a. strengthened by positive reinforcement

A seal gets a fish for bouncing a ball on his nose. The seal's bouncing of the ball is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

a. strengthened by positive reinforcement

A student turns in an assignment on time on order to get a good grade. Turning in the assignment on time is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

a. strengthened by positive reinforcement

A woman who experiences anxiety in social situations leaves her house and has a good time. Leaving her house is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive reinforcement d. weakened by negative reinforcement

a. strengthened by positive reinforcement

Mason, a stockbroker, runs two miles every day after work because it reduces his level of stress. Mason's running habit is maintained by a ________ reinforcer. a. positive b. negative c. conditioned d. partial

b. negative

Amy always stops by a coffee shop on her way to work. A cute guy who works the counters always smiles at her and pays her a compliment, which in turn makes her smile. The other day, Amy made coffee at home and just the smell of the coffee made Amy smile! The coffee was initially a(n) ________ stimulus; later it became a(n) ________ stimulus. a. conditioned; neutral b. neutral; conditioned c. conditioned; unconditioned d. unconditioned; conditioned

b. neutral; conditioned

Amy always stops by a coffee shop on her way to work. A cute guy who works the counters always smiles at her and pays her a compliment, which in turn makes her smile. Then when Amy made coffee at home, just the smell of the coffee made Amy smile! However, now the cute guy quit his job at the coffee shop, and the new counter worker doesn't smile at Amy or pay her compliments. Amy no longer smiles when she smells coffee. Then a month later, Amy smells coffee and unexpectedly smiles again, only on one occasion. Her smiling again is an example of: a. acquisition b. spontaneous recovery c. renewal d. extinction

b. spontaneous recovery

A woman who experiences anxiety is social situations does not leave her house. Not leaving her house is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

b. strengthened by negative punishment

A person fans himself in order to avoid the heat. Fanning is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

b. strengthened by negative reinforcement

A person puts on her seat belt to avoid hearing the irritating Buzz. Putting on the seat belt is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement. c. weakened by negative punishment. d. weakened by positive punishment

b. strengthened by negative reinforcement

A person speeds on the highway in order to avoid being late for work. The person's speeding is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishmen

b. strengthened by negative reinforcement

A person uses an umbrella to avoid getting wet. Using the umbrella is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

b. strengthened by negative reinforcement

A person with obsessive compulsive disorder worries about germs and contamination. Whenever she washes her hands, she feels relief from getting away from the anxiety. Washing her hands is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

b. strengthened by negative reinforcement

A student turns in an assignment on time in order to avoid getting a bad grade. a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

b. strengthened by negative reinforcement

Jacob's girlfriend was wearing a very alluring perfume on their recent date. On the date, his girlfriend was quite passionate, bringing him much joy. The following day when Jacob got into his car he smelled the lingering scent of his girlfriend's perfume and became transfixed with joy. Identify the CS: a. Jacob's girlfriend b. the perfume c. joy in response to the perfume d. joy in response to the girlfriend

b. the perfume

A worker checks her email across time throughout the day. She is rewarded for checking it on a ____________ schedule: a. fixed interval b. variable interval c. fixed ratio d. variable ratio

b. variable interval

John's boss is very moody. He gives bonuses whenever he happens to be in a good mood. His employees are rewarded according to a _______________ schedule. a. fixed interval b. variable interval c. fixed ratio d. variable ratio

b. variable interval

Throughout the day Mary checks the front porch for her daily newspaper. The delivery boy is extremely unpredictable. Mary is rewarded on a __________. a. fixed interval b. variable interval c. fixed ratio d. variable ratio

b. variable interval

The tendency to engage in behaviors that we observe others being rewarded for performing best illustrates the influence of a. operant conditioning. b. vicarious reinforcement. c. prosocial behavior. d. intrinsic motivation.

b. vicarious reinforcement

After pigs learned to pick up and deposit wooden coins in a piggy bank, the pigs subsequently dropped the coins repeatedly and pushed them with their snouts. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in operant conditioning. a. latent learning b. taste aversion c. biological predispositions d. intrinsic motivation

c. biological predispositions

Coffee shops that reward customers with one free cup of coffee after every ten coffee purchases are using a ________ reinforcement schedule. a. fixed interval b. variable interval c. fixed ratio d. variable ratio

c. fixed ratio

To quickly teach a dog to roll over on command, you would be best advised to use a. classical conditioning rather than operant conditioning. b. partial reinforcement rather than continuous reinforcement. c. immediate reinforcers rather than delayed reinforcers. d. negative reinforcers rather than positive reinforcers.

c. immediate reinforcers rather than delayed reinforcers

Jacob's girlfriend was wearing a very alluring perfume on their recent date. On the date, his girlfriend was quite passionate, bringing him much joy. The following day when Jacob got into his car he smelled the lingering scent of his girlfriend's perfume and became transfixed with joy. Identify the CR: a. Jacob's girlfriend b. the perfume c. joy in response to the perfume d. joy in response to the girlfriend

c. joy in response to the perfume

Taking away the driver's license of a reckless teen driver is intended to serve as a a. negative reinforcement. b. positive reinforcement. c. negative punishment. d. positive punishment.

c. negative punishment

Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing outcomes are called a. respondent behaviors. b. associative behaviors. c. operant behaviors. d. conditioned responses

c. operant behaviors

A child is spanked for pinching his sister. Pinching is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

c. weakened by positive punishment

A person speeds on the highway and gets a speeding ticket when he was trying not to be late to work. The person's speeding is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

c. weakened by positive punishment

A student turns in a late assignment and gets a lower grade. Turning in the assignment late is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

c. weakened by positive punishment

Amy always stops by a coffee shop on her way to work. A cute guy who works the counters always smiles at her and pays her a compliment, which in turn makes her smile. Then when Amy made coffee at home, just the smell of the coffee made Amy smile! However, now the cute guy quit his job at the coffee shop, and the new counter worker doesn't smile at Amy or pay her compliments. Amy no longer smiles when she smells coffee. What has happened? a. acquisition b. spontaneous recovery c. renewal d. extinction

d. extinction

Animals tend to revert from newly learned habits to their biologically predisposed behaviors. This is an example of a. latent learning. b. intrinsic motivation. c. modeling. d. instinctive drift.

d. instinctive drift

Jacob's girlfriend was wearing a very alluring perfume on their recent date. On the date, his girlfriend was quite passionate, bringing him much joy. The following day when Jacob got into his car he smelled the lingering scent of his girlfriend's perfume and became transfixed with joy. Identify the UR: a. Jacob's girlfriend b. the perfume c. joy in response to the perfume d. joy in response to the girlfriend

d. joy in response to the girlfriend

In which form of learning is behavior influenced by its consequences? a. primary conditioning b. classical conditioning c. delayed conditioning d. operant conditioning

d. operant conditioning

Myron quit gambling after he lost over a thousand dollars betting on horse races. This best illustrates the effects of a. negative reinforcers. b. shaping. c. spontaneous recovery. d. punishment.

d. punishment

Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of a. secondary reinforcement. b. delayed reinforcement. c. spontaneous recovery. d. shaping.

d. shaping

We are especially likely to model behaviors of people who we perceive as a. latent learners. b. extrinsically motivated. c. antisocial models. d. similar to ourselves.

d. similar to ourselves

A professional baseball player gets a hit approximately every third time at bat. He is rewarded on a ________ schedule. a. fixed interval b. variable interval c. fixed ratio d. variable ratio

d. variable ratio

When Kristy whines for candy, her mother sometimes gives her candy, and sometimes she doesn't. Kristy's whining is rewarded on a ___________ schedule. a. fixed interval b. variable interval c. fixed ratio d. variable ratio

d. variable ratio

Asking potential partners for a date is most likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule. a. fixed-interval b. fixed-ratio c. variable-interval d. variable-ratio

d. variable-ratio

A child's computer privileges are taken away because he didn't do his homework. Not doing homework is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

d. weakened by negative punishment

A woman who experiences anxiety in social situations leaves her house and is teased for her social awkwardness. Leaving her house is: a. strengthened by positive reinforcement b. strengthened by negative reinforcement c. weakened by positive punishment d. weakened by negative punishment

d. weakened by negative punishment