Psychology Final

Which item is the best example of a superordinate category?

Animal

Which item is the best example of a basic level category?

Dog

A technique in psychoanalysis in which the therapist examines the hidden symbols in a client's dreams is ______.

Dream analysis

Which of the following is a technique typically used by psychoanalysts?

Dream analysis

The ego operates according to ____.

the reality principle

If someone says, "Stealing is wrong because it is against the law," according to Kohlberg which stage of moral reasoning are they in?

Law and order orientation

If you are scared of snakes and you work through this fear by watching snakes on a tv, holding a stuffed snake, watching a snake in a cage, to eventually holding a snake. What classical conditioning technique did you participate in?

Systematic Desensitization

Solving a puzzle uses what type of intelligence?

fluid

For Carl Jung, an archetype is a(n) ____.

mental representation that predisposes people to respond to the world in predictable ways

Which disorder can have both positive and negative symptoms?

Schizophrenia

You get really angry so you begin to clean the whole house. What type of defense mechanism are you engaging in?

Sublimation

Maria often feels guilty when she engages in even the slightest offensive behavior. Freud would say that Maria has a strong ____.

Superego

Which of the following is NOT one of Kubler-Ross's Stages of Emotional Reactions to Death?

Sympathy

In Muzafer Sherif's Robber's Cave experiment, the Eagles and Rattlers eventually became friends when ____.

they had to work together to solve common problems

I first ask you to sign a petition before I come back and ask you to put a sign in your yard. What type of compliance technique am I using?

Foot-in-the-door compliance

Who believes that problematic behavior stems from the unconscious?

Freud

Deductive reasoning results in a ____, whereas inductive reasoning results in a____.

specific conclusion; general rule

When one goes to a clinical psychologist, the first session is most likely to involve _____.

A clinical interview

The humanistic perspective emphasizes the influence of ___ on personality.

An actualizing tendency (self-actualization)

What was learned from the Harlow and Zimmerman study on monkeys?

Attachment isn't formed around providing for basic needs but rather developed in response to contact comfort

Of the different styles of parenting, ____ parenting seems to result in the best developmental outcomes for most children.

Authoritative

Jose is a very active toddler who prefers to do things by himself. According to Erikson, Jose appears to be successfully resolving which developmental crisis?

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Keyunta hates vegetables. His mother gives him the option of either having green beans or squash with dinner. What type of conflict is Keyunta experiencing?

Avoidance-avoidance

Which disorder has both depressive symptoms and mania?

Bipolar I Disorder

You have 2 kids (TJ and Bo) that want graham crackers. You've already given a full cracker to TJ, but you noticed you only have half a cracker left for Bo. Since the children have not mastered conservation, what can you do?

Break the half cracker into two pieces and give them to Bo (He will think he has more than TJ who has one full cracker)

If someone is very health conscious, yet they smoke five packs a day and eat cake for breakfast what might they suffer from?

Cognitive dissonance

What played a major role in the negative outcome of the Zimbardo study?

Deindividuation

You yell at your partner after you get in a fight with your boss. What type of defense mechanism are you engaging in?

Displacement

What type of approach combines a diverse use of therapeutic methods?

Eclectic therapy approach

The physical activities involved in playing soccer would mostly include which kind of motor skills?

Gross

What is the main difference between self-help groups and group therapy?

Group therapy has a mental health professional leading the group

Which statement is TRUE of heuristics?

Heuristics can lead to correct judgments.

What was Stanley Milgram looking to study with his learner/teacher experiment?

How likely an average person is to engage in destructive obedience

A psychologist who studies impression formation is interested in _____.

How we understand and make judgements of others

Older adults who feel satisfied when reflecting on their lives demonstrate what Erikson called a sense of

Integrity

When one begins to commit to a mutually loving relationship, which stage of Erikson's Psychosocial Development are they in?

Intimacy vs. isolation

Which of the following is NOT one of the key three ingredients in client-centered therapy?

Joy

If a child is only following rules to avoid getting punished which stage would Kohlberg think this child belongs?

Obedience and punishment

Which activity is least likely to increase your crystallized intelligence?

Playing a video game

Zoie has a graham cracker broken into two pieces while Ericka has a graham cracker broken into four pieces. Zoie is mad because she thinks Ericka has more crackers than her. According to Piaget, Zoie is in Piaget's _____ stage of development?

Preoperational

What type of test has you look at ambiguous stimuli to determine personality?

Projective tests

The goal of humanistic therapy is to change behavior by ____.

Provide the client with a safe environment for self-exploration and facilitating the journey toward self-fulfillment

What type of mental health professional is most likely to have their medical degree?

Psychiatrist

In the strange situation procedure, a baby who clings to the mother while she is present and who shows extreme distress when the mother leaves would be exhibiting which style of attachment?

Resistant

If you are worried that your newborn may have a difficult time learning how to breastfeed, learning about the sucking and ____ reflexes should help you feel at ease.

Rooting

Which person would believe they have control over their health?

Someone with an internal locus of control

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main psychotherapy approaches?

Structuralism

What may have played a role in the murder of Kitty Genovese?

The bystander effect

What does the humanistic approach focus on?

The control we have over our present and future actions

The social cognitive perspective emphasizes the influence of ____ on personality.

The environment and patterns of thought

If have just finished taking an intelligence test. The first time you took it, you scored 90/100 ,but the second time you took it you scored 20/100. What might you say is wrong with the intelligence test?

The test is not reliable

If a child has master object permanence, which of the following will most likely reflect their response when you hide their toy under a blanket?

They would take the blanket off of the toy and continue playing

______ attribution is to characteristics, as __________ attribution is to environment.

Trait, situational

I left my house feeling very angry at my wife. I start to feel mad at my counselor who is a woman around the same age as my wife. What is this called according to Freud?

Transference

An individual who is verbally aggressive is most likely to be classified as ____.

Type A

The goal of cognitive therapy approaches is to change behavior by ____.

Uncovering negative cognitive patterns that impede the client's ability to function

You want to know if a test measures a trait it was designed to measure. What term are you referring to?

Validity

What is the Oedipus Complex/Electra Complex according to Freud?

We hate our parent of the same sex

Emilio lives in Miami, Florida. All other things being equal, Emilio is most likely to be attracted to ____.

Yvonne, a woman who lives in his apartment building

In deductive reasoning, ____.

a general rule is applied to specific cases

Psychotherapy is for ____.

a variety of people with a variety of types of problems

Aversion therapy is a technique used in ____.

behavior therapy

The medical model originated with the ____ perspective of abnormal behavior.

biological

Whatever you do to manage a situation that you perceive as threatening is called ____.

coping

Research shows that laughter ____.

boosts immune function

Critics of the DSM approach point out that a diagnosis ____.

may lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy

People with antisocial personality disorder ____.

can appear to be charming and sociable

Post-traumatic stress disorder is most related to ____.

catastrophes

Aaron Beck is associated with a(n) ____ approach to depression.

cognitive

If you refuse to accept or acknowledge the reality of a situation, what type of defense mechanism are you engaging in?

denial

Having an alternate personality is most associated with the diagnosis of ____.

dissociative identity disorder

By egocentrism, Piaget meant that the child believes that ____.

everyone else sees the world as the child does

In Martin Seligman's studies, dogs that were exposed to inescapable shocks eventually ____.

gave up trying to escape

The "visual cliff" studies show that infants at six months ____.

have depth perception

Client-centered therapy is a type of ____ therapy.

humanistic

If you feel that you have no control over the things that happen to you, you may be described as having ____.

learned helplessness

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory has been criticized for ____.

not explaining why some people deprive themselves of basic needs in favor of higher needs

Somatic symptom disorders involve ____.

physical complaints without an identifiable physical cause

In Freudian theory, the _______ principle drives the instincts of the id.

pleasure

Enhanced performance when others are present is called ____.

social facilitation

In Jung's theory, persona is to ____, as shadow is to ____.

visible; hidden