Psychology Final Exam

Florian searches for a screwdriver that is nowhere to be found. What he fails to recgonize is that a coin in his pocket would easily turn the screw. This oversight best illustrates: -a fixation. -belief perseverance. -the availability heuristic. -the framing effect.

a fixation

If 8-year-old George had responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency of an average 10-year-old, he would be said to have an IQ of: -125. -100. -110. -80.

125

During the past year, Zara and Ivan each read 2 books, but George read 9, Ali read 12, and Marsha read 25. The median number of books read by these individuals was -10. -2. -12. -9.

9

Madison is experiencing symptoms of paralysis after eating food contaminated by botulin. Her paralysis is most likely to be relieved by a drug that functions as a(n) -serotonin antagonist. -ACh agonist. -serotonin agonist. -ACh antagonist.

ACh agonist

Your instructor has just asked the class, "What is intelligence?" Of the following statements, which should you tell her BEST explains intelligence? -Intelligence is composed of three intelligences. -Intelligence is the g factor. -Intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure. -intelligence is composed of eight independent intelligences.

Intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure.

Of the following, who best illustrates Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence? -Veronica, a student who receives lower grades in physical education than in any other course. -Iona, a 9-year-old who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time. -Nicole, a teenager who completes the road test for her driver's license without a single error. -Freda, a business executive who effectively motivates her sales staff.

Iona, a 9-year-old who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time

Oscar and his co-workers always get to vote on company decisions. Which of the following is NOT associated with this form of participative management? -Oscar and his co-workers will be please with company decisions. -Oscar and his co-workers will feel belittled by the company that they work for. -Oscar and his co-workers will be committed to their job. -Oscar and his co-workers will be creative at work.

Oscar and his co-workers will feel belittled by the company that they work for

Professor McClure believes that young children are frequently able to make morally correct decisions because humans are endowed with an inborn knowledge of basic ethical principles. The professor's belief is most consistent with the views of -Aristotle. -B. F. Skinner. -Plato. -John B. Watson.

Plato

Your instructor often uses the generic pronoun "he" when referring to psychologists, and the generic pronoun "she" when referring to administrative assistants and other clerical staff. In your mind, you find you are automatically thinking of psychologists as men and administrative assistants as women. Why? -The linguistic determinism hypothesis predicts that your thinking will shape your language. -The linguistic determinism hypothesis predicts that language will shape your thinking. -You are thinking in images too much. -"She" and "her" are truly gender free, but "he" and "his" are not.

The linguistic determinism hypothesis predicts that language will shape your thinking

When a skydiving accident caused a brain injury, Nadeen became unable to make sense of other people's speech. It is likely that she suffered damage to: -Wernicke's area. -the left frontal lobe. -the motor cortex. -Broca's area.

Wernicke's area

You are taking a public speaking class and have to give a speech in your class today. You are extremely uneasy and nervous. Which type of stressor are you experiencing? -a daily hassle. -an alarm reaction. -a catastrophe. -a significant life change.

a daily hassle

Suan, who is African American, has just been pulled over by a police officer. However, the officer failed to give a legitimate reason for pulling him over. Suan believes that his traffic stop was directly related to his race. If he is correct, this is an example of: -a microaggression. -justifiable action. -implicit bias. -a stereotype.

a microaggression

Becky experiences great sadness each winter. The rest of the year she is fine. What is she experiencing? -a seasonal pattern of depression. -a seasonal pattern of bipolar disorder. -disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. -bipolar disorder.

a seasonal pattern of depression

Carl attributes his failing grade in chemistry to an unfair final exam. His attitude illustrates: -individualism. -narcissism. -reciprocal determinism. -a self-serving bias.

a self-serving bias

DJ does not recycle glass, metal, or plastic garbage because he thinks it is inconvenient and has minimal impact on the city's already overflowing landfills. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics of: -the mere exposure effect. -the reciprocity norm. -a social trap. -mirror image perception.

a social trap

Maxine has an irrational fear of heights. She has: -panic disorder. -generalized anxiety disorder. -a specific phobia. -agoraphobia.

a specific phobia

Your friend, Sam, is nervous about his upcoming art history final exam. You tell Sam not to worry because it is only an _____________ test. -aptitude. -understanding. -intelligence. -achievement.

achievement

If the correlation between children's body weight and their reading ability is -1.00, this would indicate that -there is very little statistical relationship between children's body weight and reading ability. -among children, better reading ability is associated with lower body weight. -body weight has no causal influence on the reading ability of children. -low body weight has a negative effect on children's reading ability.

among children, better reading ability is associated with lower body weight

If the correlation between children's intelligence and their creativity is +1.00, this would indicate that -among children, increased creativity is associated with higher intelligence. -there is very little statistical relationship between the two variables. -levels of intelligence has no causal influence on the creativity of children. -lower intelligence has a negative effect on creativity level.

among children, increased creativity is associated with higher intelligence

Deb expects that diligent study will enable her to earn good grades on her tests. Deb's belief best illustrates: -emotion-focused coping. -an internal locus of control. -an external locus of control. -the adaptation-level phenomenon.

an internal locus of control

Because Joselen was not exposed to spoken or signed language before the age of 7 years due to abuse and neglect, we know that her ability to master: -any language is lost. -her native language is not lost. -a foreign language is not lost. -sign language is not lost.

any language is lost.

When Jessica fell down a steep flight of stairs, she suffered damage to a part of her cerebral cortex called Broca's area. As a result, she is most likely to experience: -aphasia. -memory loss. -vision loss. -auditory hallucinations.

aphasia

It is toward the end of your junior year, and you want to apply to medical school, but you must first take the MCAT as a requirement of your application. The MCAT is a(n) ________________ test. -achievement. -intelligence. -fluid intelligence. -aptitude.

aptitude

An extensive survey revealed that children with relatively high self-esteem tend to picture God as kind and loving, whereas those with lower self-esteem tend to perceive God as angry. The researchers concluded that the children's self-esteem had apparently influenced their views of God. This conclusion best illustrates the danger of -being influenced by a confounding variable. -assuming that association proves causation. -failing to use operational definitions. -generalizing from extreme examples.

assuming that association proves causation

Tina thinks that her new neighbor is mean and snobbish. The presence of this _____________ will likely influence Tina to act negatively toward her neighbor. -attitude. -minority influence. -situational attribution. -normative social influence.

attitude

Strange as it may seem, you have run into the same co-worker four times today, in four different locations. You get a little nervous, wondering, "Is she following me?" Your ability to unconsciously keep track of the number of times something happens to you is known as: -iconic memory. -sensory memory. -parallel processing. -automatic processing.

automatic processing

Four-month-old Erika is starting to say things like "ah-goo" and "da-da-da-da." Erika is in the: -telegraphic speech stage. -babbling stage. -one-word stage. -two-word stage.

babbling stage

Akira believes that her son has become a good student because she always praises his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective. -behavioral. -neuroscience. -psychodynamic. -behavior genetics.

behavioral

Andrea views her work as primarily an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder in pursuit of increasingly better positions. Andrea apparently views her work as a -contract. -calling. -job. -career.

career

Preston, who has schizophrenia, tends to remain motionless for hours and then becomes agitated. Preston's symptoms characterize: -catatonia. -disorganized thinking. -delusions of grandeur. -hallucinations.

catatonia

Your friend tells you that she was evaluated at her job today. She said that her supervisor had a form that she used to check specific behaviors, such as arriving to work on time and attending to customer needs. The supervisor was using a _____________ to evaluate your friend. -behavior rating scale. -checklist. -graphic rating scale. -structured interview.

checklist

Depression and suicide are more common in today's North American culture than they were in the very different North American culture of nearly a century ago. But in both the past and the more recent cultural settings, pessimistic thinking and feelings of loneliness corresponded to a heightened risk of depression and suicide. This best illustrates that ___________ often underlie cultural differences in behavior. -common psychological processes. -unconscious motives. -genetic differences. -early childhood memories.

common psychological processes

Dr. Jones is designing a new intelligence test and is thinking about all of the mental groupings, or ______________, that a person could answer for "table" (such as surgical table, dinging table, work table, and so on). -mental sets. -heuristics. -concepts. -algorithms.

concepts

Because he mistakenly believes that older workers are not as motivated to work as hard as younger workers, Jonathan, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for signs of laziness among his senior employees. His supervision strategy best illustrates: -overconfidence. -the availability heuristic. -confirmation bias. -the representativeness heuristic.

confirmation bias

Marissa recently attended a lecture on supernatural phenomena, at which the speaker explained how the locations of planets and stars at one's birth determine the person's personality and life course. Marissa is not convinced that this information is accurate and so she is quite skeptical. She has concluded that the assumptions and conclusions of this statement are faulty, that the speaker is biased and lacks credibility, and that there is minimal evidence to support this claim. Marissa has engaged in -emergent thinking. -introspection. -critical thinking. -speculation.

critical thinking

Mr. Stott believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. Stott is most clearly suffering from: -compulsions. -catatonia. -hallucinations. -delusions.

delusions

A train is rapidly approaching, and Shawn's car stalls in the middle of the railroad tracks. His emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by: -a decreased respiration rate. -increased salivation. -a decreased blood sugar level. -dilation of his pupils.

dilation of his pupils

Veronica is excited to be studying developmental psychology in China. She knows that children's facial expressions are largely universal and that children do all of the following EXCEPT: -smile when they are happy. -display visible emotions equally. -cry when distressed. -shake their heads when defiant.

display visible emotions equally

Your girlfriend is talking to you, and you ask her to repeat what she just said. Before she does so, your respond with your answer of "Yes." This is likely due to: -declarative memory. -implicit memory. -echoic memory. -iconic memory.

echoic memory

Studying for your psychology test requires _______________. This means making attention and conscious exertion, but pays off with lasting and accessible memories. -effortful processing. -parallel processing. -automatic processing. -implicit memory.

effortful processing

Even in very stressful or embarrassing situations, Akbar is able to maintain her poise and help others to feel comfortable. Akbar's ability best illustrates the value of: -crystallized intelligence. -the g factor. -emotional intelligence. -multiple intelligences.

emotional intelligence

Frank picked the wrong day to ask his boss for a day off. His boss is stressing about the multimillion-dollar proposal due in a couple of days. This best illustrates a lack of: -emotional intelligence. -analytical intelligence. -creative intelligence. -g factor intelligence.

emotional intelligence

George is a calm, self-satisfied man who appears to be secure. Which of the following Big Five personality factors would BEST describe his personality? -introversion. -emotional stability. -conscientiousness. -openness.

emotional stability

Claire is well liked by her friends. When you watch her, you can see that she mimics her friends' gestures and seems to match their moods. Researcher Tanya Chartrand might suggest that this automatic mimicry enables: -empathy. -social facilitation. -conformity. -social norms.

empathy

Jeremy is enthusiastically committed to his work within a company whose customer service goals are aligned with his own personal sense of occupational calling. Jeremy best illustrates -employee engagement. -strengths-based leadership. -360-degree feedback. -transformational leadership.

employee engagement

If you ask your classmates to draw either side of a U.S. penny from memory, the vast majority will not be very successful. This is likely due to: -bias. -encoding failure. -misattribution. -suggestibility.

encoding failure

After being told that her parents had just been involved in a serious automobile accident, Denise is likely to experience an outpouring of: -oxytocin. -B lymphocytes. -epinephrine. -serotonin.

epinephrine

Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ______________ perspective. -psychodynamic. -cognitive. -social-cultural. -evolutionary.

evolutionary

Dr. Aubrey has researched media effects for the past three years and has repeatedly found that college students who report exposure to increased sexual content in the media are also more likely to report engaging in unprotected sex, having intercourse with multiple partners, and consuming alcohol or drugs prior to intercourse. What does this mean? -college students who engage in risky sexual behaviors are drawn to sexually explicit media. -exposure to sexual content in the media is correlated with risky sexual behaviors. -exposure to sexual content in the media is correlated with higher rates of pregnancy. -exposure to sexual content in the media causes risky sexual behaviors.

exposure to sexual content in the media is correlated with risky sexual behaviors

Juan is very sociable and fun-loving. He is high on: -conscientiousness. -extraversion. -openness. -agreeableness.

extraversion

Whenever Gis told himself that his musical skills could earn him fame and fortune, he found that he became less creative in his musical performance. This best illustrates the idea that creativity may be inhibited by: -divergent thinking skills. -intrinsic motivation. -a venturesome personality. -extrinsic motivation.

extrinsic motivation

Kevin remembers very clearly the day his best friend died in a bicycle accident at the hands of a drunk driver. This best illustrates a(n) _____________ memory. -flashbulb. -implicit. -semantic. -explicit.

flashbulb

Alonzo is so absorbed in solving complex engineering problems that he loses track of time as he spends entire weekends working. Alonzo's experience best illustrates the concept of -flow. -strengths-based leadership. -360-degree feedback. -managing by objectives.

flow

Laura meets with a therapist because she wants to do something about the path her life is taking. The doctor tells her to lie down of the couch, relax, and say whatever comes to mind. This psychoanalytic method is known as: -free association. -rationalization. -fixation. -the life story approach.

free association

After noting that a majority of professional basketball players are African-American, Ervin concluded that African-Americans are better athletes than members of other racial groups. Ervin's conclusion best illustrates the danger of -replication. -the placebo effect. -random assignment. -generalizing from vivid cases.

generalizing from vivid cases

Your father-in-law had a serious heart attack several weeks ago. You are concerned because he lives alone. After his heart attack, which of the following acquisitions would increase his odds of survival? -getting more channels on his TV. -developing more Type A traits. -developing an external locus of control. -getting a dog.

getting a dog

You are trying to convince your parents to finance your planned trip to Europe. First, you ask them for a small favor (a bus ticket to a local city), hoping that later they will be more willing to send you on a longer trip. This technique is known as: -peripheral route persuasion. -getting a foot in the door. -minority influence. -normative social influence.

getting a foot in the door

Your supervisor is evaluating your performance. She is rating your productivity and dependability on a five-point scale, which is referred to as a -behavior rating scale. -graphic rating scale. -structured interview. -checklist.

graphic rating scale

You are the expert on psychological testing and assessment. However three clinicians disagree on your choice of scales. You decide to change your opinion for the good of the group. This best illustrates: -minority influence. -groupthink. -social facilitation. -group polarization.

groupthink

Professor Jamison is studying the impact of alcohol consumption on driving impairment. She divides participants into two groups. One group gets the treatment, in this case alcohol, and the other group does not, Participants then complete a task to measure their reaction time. Professor Jamison finds that those who had consumed alcohol had a slower reaction time than those who did not consume alcohol. She then concludes that alcohol consumption would impair driving ability. Why is she able to reach this conclusion? -she did not use deception in her study, making her results more accurate. -her experiment tested theoretical principles that can help explain everyday behaviors. -she cannot make this conclusion because participants did not drive in the study. -she can make this conclusion because she adhered to all research ethics.

her experiment tested theoretical principles that can help explain everyday behaviors

Stan is not feeling hungry at the moment. This is most likely because: -his ghrelin levels are low. -his level of orexin is high. -his PYY levels are low. -his blood glucose level has dropped.

his ghrelin levels are low

Designing aircraft instrument displays so pilots can easily and accurately monitor flight data would be of most direct interest to -human factors psychology. -clinical psychology. -personnel psychology. -organizational psychology.

human factors psychology

While you are watching television the electricity goes out. For a few tenths of a second you are still able to see the last images from the screen. This is an example of: -iconic memory. -declarative memory. -echoic memory. -implicit memory.

iconic memory

Caleb has developed the belief, just like his father, that table manners are important. This can be best explained by: -the Electra complex. -respression. -fixation. -identification.

identification

You just started a supervisory position at a company. What is one thing that you can do to increase employee engagement, customer satisfaction, and profitability? -punish employee deficiencies. -promote employee independence. -identify and enhance employee strengths. -encourage employee privacy.

identify and enhance employee strengths

As a practical joke, Veronica tells her younger brother a story about an event that did not happen when he was 4 years old: that he called 9-1-1 to report a fight they were having. Veronica repeated the story several times until her brother could really see himself dialing the phone. This is an example of: -repression. -retroactive interference. -proactive interference. -imagination inflation.

imagination inflation

Sharron hugged her purse tight when an African American man entered the elevation she was on. While Sharron believes that everyone should be treated equal, her behavior may be related to: -implicit memories. -implicit prejudice. -conscious awareness. -priming.

implicit prejudice

Alicia smells coffee in the morning and, really, it is the only reason she is willing to get out of bed. In this situation, the coffee is a(n): -instinct. -incentive. -safety need. -example of homeostasis.

incentive

Six-year-old Bree has no memory of being taken to the hospital when she was 2 years old. The rest of her family recalls what happened in vivid detail, but Bree only "remembers" what they have told her. Her inability to remember this event is known as: -a state-dependent memory. -priming. -infantile amnesia. -a flashbulb memory.

infantile amnesia

James, a graduate student, is working on his thesis. He is examining factors that may be related to academic achievement among college students and wants to ensure that his results describe the larger population. To accomplish his goal, he should use -inferential statistics. -a score distribution. -descriptive statistics. -a correlation.

inferential statistics

Leslie was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes when his fasting blood glucose level was discovered to be far too high. His ________________ production, which is secreted by the pancreas, was not controlling his blood glucose. -insulin. -leptin. -orexin. -ghrelin.

insulin

To assess the influence of self-esteem on interpersonal attraction, researchers either insulted or complimented students about their physical appearance just before they went on a blind date. In this research, the dependent variable was -interpersonal attraction. -insults or compliments. -physical appearance. -feelings of self-esteem.

interpersonal attraction

Wanda grows tomatoes for the sheer joy of it. Wanda's behavior reflects ____________. -achievement motivation. -affiliation need. -intrinsic motivation. -extrinsic motivation.

intrinsic motivation

William needs to hire someone who is good at reading emotions in minor, quick changes in people's facial expressions. Which of the following personality types would be best for this job? -introverted. -sad. -extraverted. -cheerful.

introverted

Jeremy just met Stan but his gut tells him to avoid Stan as much as possible. Jeremy is experiencing: -fixation. -intuition. -availability heuristic. -representativeness heuristic.

intuition

Mark meets briefly with applicants for positions in his company and relies on his immediate gut-level first impressions in deciding whether to offer them a job. Mark's employment decisions are most clearly guided by -the testing effect. -hindsight bias. -an operational definition. -intuition.

intuition

In the process of summarizing his data, Professor Stevenson notices that the distribution of scores is lopsided because of a few extreme scores. This means that his distribution -is unbiased. -is representative of the population. -is skewed. -forms a bell-shaped curve.

is skewed

During a lecture, your professor says, "A child learns language as he interacts with caregivers." The generic use of the pronoun "he" is more likely to trigger images of males than of females. This best illustrates the impact of: -universal grammar. -language on thinking. -telegraphic speech on concept formation. -cognition on semantics.

language on thinking

Luke has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, and while he is quite forgetful, he is still able to recall events from his teenage and young adult years. His ________________ memory is still intact. -sensory. -working. -long-term. -short-term.

long-term

Megan refuses to leave her house because she is fearful of being exposed to germs. Megan's behavior is considered _______________ because it interferes with normal day-to-day life. -maladaptive. -odd. -strange. -unusual.

maladaptive

When Mr. Adams calculated his students' algebra test scores, he noticed that two students had extremely low scores. Which measure of central tendency is affected most by the scores of these two students? -mode. -standard deviation. -median. -mean.

mean

Which measure of central tendency is used to calculate the average of your school grades? -standard deviation. -median. -mean. -mode.

mean

Gloria believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gloria believes in the ______________ model of psychological disorders. -medical. -biopsychosocial. -DSM. -maladaptive.

medical

If you learn a list of chemistry terms while you are feeling great, you have a better chance of recalling that list if you are in the same kind of mood when you take the exam. This is known as: -priming. -mood-congruent memory. -effortful processing. -the serial position effect.

mood-congruent memory

Dr. Jaspin has devoted his professional life to researching the desires and needs that energize and direct behavior. His area of research has obviously been: -evolutionary psychology. -drive-reduction theory. -emotion. -motivation.

motivation

Professor James studies personality disorders and is most interested in people who are self-focused and exaggerate their own importance. Professor James is studying people with a(n) _________________ personality disorder. -antisocial. -schizotypal. -narcissistic. -avoidant.

narcissistic

A biological psychologist would be most interested in conducting research on the relationship between -self-esteem and popularity. -genetics and eye color. -age and bone density. -neurotransmitters and depression.

neurotransmitters and depression

While working on wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family, simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of: -social facilitation. -central route persuasion. -attitudes following actions. -normative social influence.

normative social influence

Dana, who is just learning to speak, says words like "da-da," "kitty," and "ma-ma." This is not unusual because whatever the language when children begin to speak they tend to mostly use: -adjectives. -verbs. -adverbs. -nouns.

nouns

Dawi says things like "doggy," "mama," and "dada." He is in the: -babbling stage. -one-word stage. -two-word stage. -telegraphic speech stage.

one-word stage

As a business manager, Julie often calls her employees' attention to their occasional mistakes while withholding praise for their many accomplishments. Julie fails to take full advantage of a basic principle of -task leadership. -operant conditioning. -306-degree feedback -human factors psychology.

operant conditioning

Jennifer has always had trouble with her weight. She was not breast-fed when she was an infant and her psychoanalyst thinks she is overcompensating. In which psychosexual stage would he say Jennifer is fixated? -phallic. -genital. -oral. -anal.

oral

Dr. Davenport studies how work environments influence worker motivation and satisfaction. He is most likely a(n) -organizational psychologist. -performance psychologist. -personnel psychologist. -human factors psychologist.

organizational psychologist

.At the beginning of the semester, Professor Pauloa asks her students to predict the grade they will get for the semester. When she asks if they think they'll get an A, the majority raise their hands. This best illustrates: -a mental set. -fixation. -framing. -overconfidence.

overconfidence

Prompt and clear feedback regarding your performance on a psychology practice test is most likely to inhibit: -fixation. -the framing effect. -overconfidence. -intuition.

overconfidence

Erika suddenly feels chest pains, shortness of breath, trembling, and dizziness. She thinks she is having a heart attack but could actually be experiencing a: -phobia. -panic attack. -panic disorder. -social anxiety disorder.

panic attack

You have a list of things you would like to accomplish, such as earn an A in your psychology class, pass the next psychology exam, complete a bachelor's degree in psychology, and get accepted to a psychology graduate program. What should you focus on first? -acceptance into graduate school. -passing the next exam. -earning your degree. -earning an A in the class.

passing the next exam

Nate typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner. Chandler usually becomes agitated. The reactions of Nate and Chandler to stress indicate that each has a distinctive: -projection style. -personality. -fixation. -reaction formation.

personality

Dr. MacCollum analyzes a job, scripts interview questions, and trains interviewers to ask the same questions, in the same order, to all applicants, rating each applicant on an established scale. Her work best illustrates that of a(n) _____________ psychologist. -personnel. -organizational. -human factors. -clinical.

personnel

Stan is at an increased risk for developing heart disease. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Stan? -obesity. -high blood pressure. -physical activity. -a family history of heart disease.

physical activity

A negative correlation between degree of wealth and likelihood of suffering from a psychological disorder would indicate that -poverty makes people vulnerable to psychological disorders. -poor people are more likely to have a psychological disorder than are wealthy people. -psychological disorders usually prevent people from accumulating wealth. -all of these statements are correct.

poor people are more likely to have a psychological disorder than are wealthy people

You imagine the self you want to be-- a great athlete, well-loved, and well-educated. You also imagine the self you fear becoming: a homeless person, lonely, and unemployed. These visions reflect the concept of: -possible selves. -reciprocal determinism. -the spotlight effect. -self-serving bias.

possible selves

Juan learned at an early age how to sell numerous items that ranged from chocolate to small electronics. Many say his best education came from the streets he grew up on. His abilities best illustrate: -social intelligence. -practical intelligence. -analytical intellignece. -emotional intelligence.

practical intelligence

Dr. Livermore maintains that unconscious mental processes and early childhood experiences are critical in the formation of personality. Dr. Livermore's beliefs reflect the _____________ perspective of personality. -social-cognitive. -psychodynamic. -trait. -humanistic.

psychodynamic

Ned has attempted suicide twice in the last year. He hears voices and has disturbed emotions, and his behavior is very bizarre and erratic. Ned isn't simply unhappy; he is likely to be diagnosed with a type of ______________ disorder. -psychological. -maladaptive. -dysfunctional. -unusual.

psychological

Governor Donovan was greeted by large, enthusiastic crowds at all of his political rallies. As a result, he became overconfident about his chances of reelection. In this instance, the governor needs to be alerted to the value of -replication. -random sampling. -naturalistic observation. -experimental control.

random sampling

Wayne is angry because he feels slighted by a friend. Which of the following is NOT something that Wayne can do to manage his anger? -wait before reacting to his friends' actions. -talk to a different friend about what happened and how he feels. -reacting in anger to his friend immediately. -calm himself by going for a walk.

reacting in anger to his friend immediately

Brad often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Brad's behavior best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as: -projection. -reaction formation. -regression. -displacement.

reaction formation

Dr. Jamison prefers to give his students all essay and fill-in-the-blank questions in order to fully test their; -recognition. -recall. -sensory memory. -short-term memory.

recall

Retrieving information that is not currently in your conscious awareness but that was learned at an earlier time is referred to as: -recognition. -relearning. -retention. -recall.

recall

Kendra's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates: -the spotlight effect. -the importance of inner traits. -why self-efficacy is more important than self-esteem. -reciprocal determinism.

reciprocal determinism

Your teacher gives the first exam in your psychology course. You notice that all of the questions are multiple choice. This test is assessing your _____________ of the course material. -retention. -recognition. -recall. -relearning.

recognition

Will, a little boy, has reverted to the oral comfort of thumb sucking on the way to his first day of school. What defense mechanism is he using? -rationalization. -projection. -regression. -reaction formation.

regression

Colette received an unusually high grade of A on her first biology test and a B+ on the second, even though she studied equally for both tests. Which of the following best explains Colette's deteriorating pattern of performance? -illusory correlation. -the random sampling effect. -the illusion of control. -regression toward the mean.

regression toward the mean

Professor Ambra was skeptical about the accuracy of recently reported research on sleep deprivation. Which process would best enable her to assess the reliability of the findings? -the case study. -naturalistic observation. -random sampling. -replication.

replication

Mrs. McConnel underestimates how frequently she criticizes her children, perhaps because it would cause her too much anxiety. Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates: -source amnesia. -encoding failure. -proactive interference. -repression.

repression

While taking an American history exam, Marla was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the first president of the United States. Her difficulty most clearly illustrates: -motivated forgetting. -retrieval failure. -anterograde amnesia. -retrograde amnesia.

retrieval failure

Stacey feels confident in her ability to dance the part of Clara in The Nutcracker ballet. Stacey is showing a high level of: -self-efficacy. -individualism. -self-esteem. -collectivism.

self-efficacy

Professor X is studying the effect of exposure to sexual content on sexual thoughts. She assigns students to one of two conditions. In the first condition, participants are exposed to explicit sexual content and then given a word-completion task, which involves filling in the letter missing from each word. Based on the letter added, the word could be of a sexual nature or not. For instance, b_d could be completed as "bed," indicating sexual thought, or as "bad," which has no sexual connotation. In the second condition, participants are not exposed to explicit sexual content but are assigned the same word-completion task. The dependent variable is -the word completion task. -exposure to explicit sexual content. -sexual thought. -random assignment.

sexual thought

Jennifer seems to get along well with her co-workers and frequently goes out on the weekend with one of her friends from work. How will these friendships affect Jennifer at work? -she will experience depression at work because she does not have friends outside her workplace. -she will talk too much to her co-workers while at work. -she will be energized at work because she feels that she belongs there. -she will not get much work done because she is too busy making friends.

she will be energized at work because she feels that she belongs there

To make a long-distance call, you have to dial an unfamiliar phone number. You are likely to have trouble retaining the number you just looked up. This best illustrates the limited capacity of ___________ memory. -short-term. -long-term. -implicit. -explicit.

short-term

You decide that your free time over the weekend, which you're thinking of giving up so you can volunteer at the Special Olympics, is not as important to you as the good feelings and the joy you will receive from giving back to the community. This decision can be explained by the: -social exchange theory. -mere exposure effect. -bystander effect. -two-factor theory.

social exchange theory

Liam is an excellent violinist. When he's in front of an audience, he tends to play his violin even more beautifully than when he is alone. This is most likely due to: -social facilitation. -normative social influence. -personal control. -minority influence.

social facilitation

As a manager, Juan is good at dividing employees into effective groups for specific projects and at resolving any conflicts that occur. He appears to be high in -task leadership. -social leadership. -providing positive reinforcement. -participative management.

social leadership

Abigail regularly donates blood because she believes she ought to help anyone with a medical need for a blood transfusion. Abigail's altruism best illustrates the: -reciprocity norm. -bystander effect. -social exchange theory. -social-responsibility norm.

social-responsibility norm

Larry often has vivid dreams and can usually recall them in great detail in the morning. It sometimes takes him a bit of time to figure out if he is remembering a dream or something that he actually experienced. This problem is known as: -source amnesia. -déjà vu. -anterograde amnesia. -retrograde amnesia.

source amnesia

John distributes his study time rather than cramming because he wants to retain the information for the long term. He is using the: -spacing effect. -testing effect. -levels of processing effect. -chunking effect.

spacing effect

Marla, a university sophomore, is experiencing stress and feels mildly depressed. She would be best advised to: -modify her personality from Type B to Type A. -receive training in time management. -make use of the adaptation-level phenomenon. -start a program of regular aerobic exercise.

start a program of regular aerobic exercise

After discovering that their company's best software developers are highly analytical, personnel psychologists focused their employment ads for additional software developers less on applicants' experience and more on their ability to engage in logical problem solving. This best illustrates their commitment to -strengths-based leadership. -social leadership. -structured interviews. -360-degree feedback.

strengths-based leadership

When she missed her morning bus ride to work, Amanda's blood pressure rose and she experienced a throbbing headache. Her physical responses to missing the bus were: -stress reactions. -stressors. -stress appraisals. -alarm and exhaustion.

stress reactions

You attend a job interview that you have been extremely excited about. The interviewer is asking specific questions from a form and writing down your answers. What kind of interview is this? -casual conversation. -unstructured interview. -structured interview. -predictive interview.

structured interview

Terry is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used, she should read: -the website of the American Psychiatric Association. -medical textbooks. -the DSM-5. -psychology textbooks.

the DSM-5

When Lucy acts happy, she experiences increased feelings of cheerfulness. This best illustrates: -greater emotional expressiveness of women. -the effect of mimicking. -the behavior feedback effect. -the facial feedback effect.

the behavior feedback effect

An engineer who understands how to design and use a home theater system may find it hard to mentally simulate what it's like not to know how to operate the system. The engineer's difficulty illustrates -assistive listening. -the interviewer illusion. -the curse of knowledge. -360-degree feedback.

the curse of knowledge

You're driving to campus one day when another car cuts you off and speeds ahead. Immediately you yell out, "Crazy driver!" Later you learn that the person was rushing to get to the hospital. Your judgement best illustrates: -the fundamental attribution error. -attitudes affecting actions. -cognitive dissonance. -informational social influence.

the fundamental attribution error

Dr. Branch would like to study the relationship between room lighting and college students' test performance. He randomly assigns students to one of two groups. The first group takes and exam in a dimly lit room; the second group takes the same exam in a regularly lit room. Which is the experimental group? -the group of students who took the exam in the dimly lit room. -there is no experimental group because this is a naturalistic observation research design. -the group of students who were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions. -the group of students who took the exam in the regularly lit room.

the group of students who took the exam in the dimly lit room

If psychologists discovered that more intelligent parents have smarter children than less intelligent parents, this would demonstrate that -more intelligent parents provide their children with greater educational opportunities than do less intelligent parents. -the intelligence of parents and children is positively correlated. -intelligence is inherited -all of these statements are correct.

the intelligence of parents and children is positively correlated

Seven members of a Girl Scout troop report the following individual earnings from their sale of candy: $4, $1, $7, $6, $8, $2, and $7. In this distribution of individual earnings -the mean is equal to the mode and greater than the median. -the mean is less than the mode and equal to the median. -the mean is less than the mode and less than the median. -the mean is greater than the mode and greater than the median.

the mean is less than the mode and less than the median

Seven members of a boys' club reported the following individual earnings from their dale of cookies: $2, $9, $8, $10, $4, $9, and $7. In this distribution of individual earnings -the median is greater than the mean and less than the mode. -the median is less than the mean and less than the mode. -the median is greater than the mean and greater than the mode. -the median is less than the mean and greater than the mode.

the median is greater than the mean and less than the mode

George and Margaret have been married for almost 50 years. Both are in fairly good health, which may be related to their marital relationship. Which aspect of marriage may be related to improved health? -the absence of experiencing divorse. -the quality of the marital relationship. -the number of previous marital unions. -marital status alone.

the quality of the marital relationship

Janet and George were both born in the 1950s. This means that they are from: -the same cohort. -different generations. -the same area. -the same selection.

the same cohort

Claudia meets nine new neighbors at a block party. Moments later, she can only remember the names of the first three and the last two neighbors she met. Her experience illustrates: -the serial position effect. -the mood-congruent effect. -the primacy effect. -the recency effect.

the serial position effect

When Marla noticed she was wearing mismatched socks, she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice. Her reaction best illustrates: -the spotlight effect. -narcissism. -self-serving bias. -reciprocal determinism.

the spotlight effect

When you noticed that you had spilled coffee on your new shirt, you overestimated that other people at the meeting would notice. Your reaction best illustrates: -your individualist culture. -the spotlight effect. -reciprocal determinism. -narcissism.

the spotlight effect

Your friend is giving a speech tomorrow, and she is worried because she's not happy with her new haircut. She is convinced everyone will be staring at her bangs and discussing her unattractive hairstyle. Her overestimation of people's reaction is known as: -the spotlight effect. -narcissism. -self-serving bias. -reciprocal determinism.

the spotlight effect

Jenn earned a 72 on her first psychology exam, a 70 on the second exam, and a 71 on the third exam. What can be said about her exam scores? -they do not represent her class performance. -they demonstrate variations in variability and reliability. -they are a reliable representation of her performance in the class. -she needs to take more exams in order to determine a reliable idea of her class performance.

they are a reliable representation of her performance in the class

Sherry says things like "me go," "mama bye," and "dada go." She is in the: -babbling stage. -two-word stage. -semantics stage. -one-word stage.

two-word stage

Stan believes that humans use only 10 percent of their brain. He can't remember where he learned this information but is convinced that it is accurate. What would you suggest Stan do to confirm or disconfirm this information? -conduct his own study on this to confirm the information. -make sure that he shares this valuable information with others. -use critical thinking when presented with such round, undocumented number. -try to find the source of the information so that he can quote it when sharing the information with others.

use critical thinking when presented with such round, undocumented number

Dr. Cast has found that children who watch more television are more likely to be overweight. Which conclusion can he reach? -normal-weight children do not watch television. -children who are obese like to watch television. -watching increased amounts of television is correlated with obesity. -watching television causes obesity.

watching increased amounts of television is correlated with obesity

Professor X is studying the effect of exposure to sexual content on sexual thoughts. She assigns students to one of two conditions. In the first condition, participants are exposed to explicit sexual content and then given a word-completion task, which involves filling in the letter missing from each word. Based on the letter added, the word could be of a sexual nature or not. For instance, b_d could be completed as "bed," indicating sexual thought, or as "bad," which has no sexual connotation. In the second condition, participants are not exposed to explicit sexual content but are assigned the same word-completion task. The experimental group consisted of the students who -were exposed to explicit sexual content. -completed the word as "bad". -completed the word as "bed". -were not exposed to explicit sexual content.

were exposed to explicit sexual content