Psychology

Francis Cecil Sumner

first African American to receive a Ph.D in psychology

Age difference in learning

Students that were younger consistently made mistakes that the older children did not make

Jean Piaget

Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher known for his epistemological studies with children.

Psychodynamic perpective

The interaction of various conscious and unconscious mental or emotional processes, especially as they influence personality, behavior, and attitudes. The study of personality and behavior in terms of such processes.

William James (1842-1910)

First American psychologist and author of the first psychological textbook

Behaviorism

the theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors, not mental processes

Carl Rogers

was an influential American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology.

1879

"birth" year of psychology

G. Stanley Hall

A student of Wudnt's who achieved a number of psychological firsts 1. First American to receive a doctoral degree in Psychology 2. Opened the First psychology laboratory in the United States (at John Hopkins University) 3. First American Psychological Association (APA), president elected in 1892

Gestalt psychology

Psychological perspective that emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

Sigmund Frued

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist, now known as the father of psychoanalysis.

Functionalism

Theory that emphasized the functions of consciousness pr the ways consciousness helps people adapt to their environments

Structuralism

Theory that the structure of conscious experience could be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts and sensations

John B. Watson

Watson was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism.

Ivan Pavlov

a Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning.

humanistic perspective

a school of thought that focuses on how healthy people strive to reach their full potential

Behavioral perspective

a school of thought that focuses on how we learn observable responses

Psychoanalysis

a theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconsciousness motives and conflicts 1. focused on abnormal behavior, attributed to unconscious drives and conflicts 2. relied on personal observation and reflection instead of controlled laboratory experimentation as its means of discovery

Abraham Maslow

an American psychologist who was best known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.

Psychology

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Kenneth Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark

education psychologists whose research was presented to the Judge in the Brown v. Board of Education. 1. helped show that internalized racism was linked to segregated schools

Mary Whiton Calkins

have to overcome discrimination and prejudice against women to complete the requirements for a Ph.D in psychology, in 1895 later elected to be president at APA in 1905

Edwards B. Titcehner

introduced structuralism

cognitive perspective

is the school of psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language.

Conscious experience

is the state or quality of awareness, or, of being aware of an external object or something within oneself. It has been defined as: sentience, awareness, subjectivity, the ability to experience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind. 1. also believed that Humans have free will in their decision making and healthy people strive to reach their full potential

Wilhelm Wudnt

known as one of the founding figures of modern psychology

Wundt's Task 2

participants were now told to hit the left button if it was green and the right if it were red

Wundt's Task 1

participants were told to hit a button when they saw a light

Applied Research

research intended to solve practical problems

Basic Research

research is done to increase scientific knowledge base of psychology

Inez Beverly Prosser

the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D, completed the requirements in 1933 at Cincinnati. Studied the differenced between African American kids in integrated school and segregated schools