Psychology HW: Anxiety-Related Disorders; Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorders

People who feel irrationally and intensely afraid of a specific object or situation are suffering from:

a phobia

Connie is overwhelmed with fear whenever she must leave the house. She is especially afraid when she uses the subway or goes grocery shopping. Connie's case illustrates:

agoraphobia

Understanding anxiety-related disorders entails considering natural selection, brain structures, conditioning, cognitive processes, and the role of societal inequities, such as poverty and discrimination. This statement underscores the importance of a _____ approach in developing an explanation of these disorders.

biopsychosocial

The neurotransmitter _____ is abundant during a manic state and scarce in a depressive state.

norepinephrine

Diane is constantly concerned about things at work, even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her homelife, even when she is at work. Diane has free-floating worry that leaves her tense, irritable, impairs her concentration, and leaves her with many sleepless nights. Diane MOST likely suffers from _____disorder.

generalized anxiety

Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are MOST characteristic of _____ disorder.

obessive-cumpulsive

Sally dreads giving presentations at work; she feels intensely afraid that her co-workers are negatively evaluating her. She is also apprehensive when she visits restaurants because she believes the other diners are scrutinizing her. Sally seems to suffer from _____ disorder.

social anxiety

The police brought Elaine to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling, "I have the power!" Elaine was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last 5 days. In the emergency room, Elaine would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Elaine is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

bipolar

Which concept is NOT matched with the correct type of explanation for anxiety and anxiety-related disorders?

brain overarousal—conditioning

The biological effects of anxiety disorders can express themselves in two areas of the brain, one responsible for _____ and the other for _____.

impulse control; habitual behavior

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a _____perspective.

learning

When the brain's danger-detection system becomes too active, the risk for _____ disorder(s) does NOT increase.

major depressive disorder

Twenty-year-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from _____disorder.

social anxiety

Will has an intense fear of speaking in public. Because he can only engage in one-on-one discussions, he has been passed over for promotions. Will may be suffering from _____ disorder.

social anxiety

An effective way to break the cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are _____ and _____.

specific; temporary

"I always fail at everything I do, and it's usually all my fault." The words "always" and "everything" in this remark highlight the _____ and _____ qualities of a depressive explanation.

stable; global

Ruth was walking through the woods during a thunderstorm. A tree struck by lightning from the storm toppled over, narrowly missing Ruth as she fled. The fact that Ruth now has a fear of all trees—not just the one that nearly harmed her—is an example of:

stimulus generalization