Psychology Introduction - Chapter 4

Schizophrenia.

Biopsychology has found mounting evidence of a biological cause for

cannabinoids.

Both marijuana and hashish contain

the length of the wave.

Color is largely determined by

explanation

Consider the following statement:"Women avoid computer science because it is stereotypically dominated by males. This, in turn, leads many women to feel that the field is not accessible to them." This is an example of a(n) _______________.

wish fulfillment

Freud believed that dreams were a kind of _________________ for his patients.

the way in which a question is worded can affect the answer

One drawback to the survey method is

perceptual set.

One's tendency to perceive things in a certain way because of previous experience or expectation is called

plagiarism

Paige has fallen behind. She decides that just this once she will take short cut and copy, word-for-word, several paragraphs from a source she found online that will help fill in the gaps on her paper. Paine copying content word-for-word and presenting is as her own is called _____________________________.

conditioning

Pavlov's work with learning in dogs focused on the concept of

emotional control

Phones Gage lacked ________ because of the damage to his prefrontal cortex.

perceptions

Randy and Amand are both listening to the same music. Randy thinks the music is mellow and relaxing while Amad thinks the music is unpleasant to the ear. Randy and Amad paper to have different __________ when it comes to the music they are listening to.

researches studying the same things will gain from what has already been learned.

Scientists report their results even if an experiment failed because

pitch.

Send wavelengths are interpreted by the brain as

may cause cardiovascular disease in chronic users.

Smoking marijuana

The person was in the N1 stage of sleep.

Some instances of automobile accidents have been' caused by the driver falling asleep at the wheel, even though the person was certain that he or she had not slept. Which of the following may explain why this happens?

N3 (R&K Stages 3&4).

The body is at its lowest level of functioning during

a case study

The case of Phones Gage is an often-cited example of

language

The left hemisphere of the brain specializes in which of the following?

motor pathway

The nerves carrying messages from the central nervous system to the voluntary muscles comprise the

directly below the frontal lobes.

The olfactory bulbs are located

Just noticeable differences.

The research of Ernst weber led to the formulation of a theory of

the brain

The sleep-wake cycle is controlled by __________.

two

The spinal cord is divided into ______ main areas.

philosopher

The textbook defines a __________ as someone who seeks wisdom and knowledge through thinking and discussion.

B.F. Skinner.

The theory of operant conditioning was developed by

Independent variable.

The variable that is an experiment is the

somatic

While walking past her bed, Crystal stubbed her toe on the bed's post and experienced severe pain that eventually subsided. What type of pain did crystal experience?

Functionalism.

Willam James was responsible for Developing the the theory of

Cognitive neuroscience

___________ is the study of the physical working of the brain and nervous system during thinking and other cognitive processes.

active

___________ listeners make eye contact with the speaker and sit facing the speaker in a place where they can easily hear and see the speaker.

convergence

_________________ is the rotation of the two eyes in their sockets to focus on a single object.

Linking

____________________________ is a mnemonic where you make a list in which items to be remembered are connected in some way.

operational definition

A(n) _________ specifically names the steps that the experimenter must use to control or measure the variables in the experiment.

institutional review board

A(n) ____________ reviews a proposed study and judges it according to safety and consideration for its participants.

40

About ______ percent of people are good hypnotic subjects.

memory and learning processes

According to a study cited in your text, not getting enough sleep is vary bad for _______________________________.

have more physical aggression in their dreams than woman.

According to researchers, men tend to

corticoids.

Adrenal glands produce hormones called

reflex arc.

Afferent neurons, efferent neurons, and interneurons make up the

absolute threshold

Amber can hear the horn from the train that run 20 miles away from her house 50 percent of the time that the horn toots. If she were any farther from the train, her chances of hearing the horn would decrease. In this situation, which of the following concepts is being demonstrated?

the medulla

An auto accident rendered Chis's nervous system unable to send messages for him to swallow, so he is using a feeding tube. Which brain structure was most likely damaged in the accident?

altered

Antwon can't seem to focus in class today. Though he's not asleep, his mind appears to be drifting off, leading to thoughts of his girlfriend, his job, and upcoming events of the day. Antwon appears to be in which of the following states of consciousness?

social-cognitive theory of hypnosis

Archie believes that people who think they are hypnotized are not actually hypnotized at all. In fact, they are simply acting out everything that they are being told to do by the hypnotist. Archie's way of thinking is similar to which of the following theories?

the pituitary gland

At the age of 21, Donte stands at 5 feet 2 inches in hight. If it is believed that and endocrine gland is most likely responsible for Donte's lack of growth, which gland might his doctor be most interested in studying?

going to your professor or her center on campus for help with effective studying tutoring, and organizing your notes.

Before a big exam, making use of the resources around you means ________________________________.

the left occipital lobe

Darius has been diagnosed with a tumor that affects the right side of his visual field. The tumor is most likely in which lobe of Darius's brain?

stimulant

Darren use cocaine recreationally. Darren's drug of choice is a ________________.

Narcolepsy

David often experiences "sleep seizures" during the day. He Probably suffers from

description

Dr. Mason observes that the students in her class who read both the text and visual aid presentations tend to perform better on her exams than the students who simply read the text or visual aids alone. Dr. Mason's observation best depicts which goal of psychology?

the sensory conflict theory

During her flight to Chicago, Ariel's plane experienced severe turbulence. As a result, Ariel became sick to her stomach. Ariel's sickness may be best explained by ______________.

stimulatory hallucinogenic.

Ecstasy is classified as a

control pain

Endorphins help the body

biological rhythms.

Eventually, everyone must sleep due to our

drug tolerance.

Every night, Pricilla increases her dose of pain medication, noting that the initial dose no longer works. Pricilla seems to have developed

five

How many primary last sensations have been identified by researchers?

it still does not prove causation.

If researchers find a relationship between students' grades and the number of hours they spend watching TV

go to the instructor well in advance of the exam for help

If you find that your re having difficult with certain concepts

Start again the next day.

If you have a planned schedule that starts to fall apart, what should you do?

the autokinetic effect

In _______________, a small, stationary light in a darkened room will appear to move because of the lack of cues to indicate that the light is not moving.

Broca's aphasia

In an attempt to ask for water, Josh, who recently experienced a stroke, said, "I...dot dink...otter." Josh seems to be suffering from _______________.

empirical questions.

In psychology, researchers try to find the answers to

Jared's cerebellum has not yet fully developed.

Jared is 2 moths old and cannot yet sit upright on his own , Jared's inability to sit on his own is most likely due to which of the following?

nightmares.

Jonah is often a victim of bad dreams, frequently centered around being left at a store or getting lost at an amusement park. He sometimes wakes up from them, and calls for his parents to help him calm down. These explodes take place during REM sleep. Jonah is experiencing

the location of body parts in relation to each other.

Kinesthetic sense involves

refraction.

Light bends as it passes through substances of different densities, a process know as

hormones

Melatonin and thyroxin are examples of

pineal

Melatonin is secreted by the ____________ gland.

cognitive

Much of the research over the past 10 years has focused on the __________ markers for ADHD, such as attention problems, that may or may not be combined with neuroimaging.

somatic nervous system

Natalie sees a beautiful flower, so she walk over to touch and smell it. She is using the

verbal/rhythmic organization method

To memorize the names and notable accomplishments of every famous psychologist mention in the chapter Gabriella is working on, she set the information to the tune of "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" and now sings it repeatedly throughout the day, every day, in the hopes of remembering it for Friday's exam. Putting information you want to remember to a familiar tune is a mnemonic device that is similar to the _________________________________.

phobias can be learned through the process of conditioning.

Watson's work with "Little Albert" supported the idea that

volleying

Wever and Bray theorized that groups of auditory neurons take turns firing in a process called

enter a coma-like sleep from which they do not wake up

When researcher destroy the reticular formation of rats vid deep lesioning, the rats

Recite

When using the SQ3R reading method, what should you do after you read?

You drink a non-alcoholic beverage that tests like beer and begin to feel intoxicated.

Which of the following examples best illustrates the placebo effect?

a silicon chip in a computer that receives and transmits information between input and output devices as well as between other chips.

Which of the following examples would be most similar to a neuron?

chicken noodle soup

Which of the following food would most likely produce an umami taste?

It is when most dreams occur.

Which of the following is TRUE about REM sleep?

It mimics or enhances the effects of a neurotransmitter.

Which of the following is True about an agonist?

Sometimes people react in unexpected ways to the manipulations in an experiment.

Which of the following is true of doing research with people?

axon

Which of the following parts of a neuron work most like a telephone wire that carries information away from a telephone?

Orlando, carefully calculates his taxes two weeks before taxes are due.

Which of the following situations best demonstrates waking consciousness?

Culture can affect visual perception.

Which of the following statements related to culture and perception is TRUE?

The person experiencing sleep apnea may stop breathing for 10 seconds or more.

Which statement about sleep apnea is TRUE?

Schwann cells

While cutting wood for his daughter's playhouse, Lee accidentally severed his finger. Fortunately, Lee was quickly rushed to the hospital where his finger was successfully reattached, and Lee was eventually able to regain some function and feeling in it. Which of the following is/are responsible for helping to repair the nerve fibers in Lee's finger that give him the ability to regain function and feeling?

proximity

While on a class field trip, Ericka was mistakenly guided away from her group because she was standing closer to students from another class. The rule of perception to which this mix-up may best relate is _____________.

phantom limb pain

While on active duty in the army, Chris was amputation of his leg. Chris still reports feeling burning and tingling in his missing limb. Chris is most likely experiencing __________________.

Auditory

While studying, Dennis finds it helpful to speak into a digital recorder that he can play back later. What type of study method is this?

criteria

While the word critical is often viewed as meaning "negative," the use of this term in "critical thinking" is more related to the word ____________.

Thomas Young's theory of color vision

suggested that color vision is made possible by red, blue, and green cones.