Psychology: Learning
Fixed interval schedule
Reinforcement is given after a preset amount of time has passed between responses
Variable Interval Schedule
Reinforcement is given after a varying amount of time
Observational Learning
A form of learning by watching others
Classical Conditioning
A form of learning in which a previously neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditoned stimulus and thus elicits a new response
Operant Conditioning
A form of learning that occurs as a result of a response to positive reinforcement
Latent Learning
A form of learning that occurs without anyones direct knowledge but that displays itself at a later time
Conditioned Response
A learned reaction to previously neutral stimulus
Conditoned Stimulus
A previously neutral stimulus after pairing with the unconditioned stimulus elicits a new response
Primary Reinforcer
A reinforcer that satisfies a basic biological need and is used after a desired behavior occurs
Reinforcement
A stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response
Unconditioned Response
Automatic, unlearned reaction to stimulus
Secondary Reinforcer
Incentives that are not necessary, but which serves as rewards
Punishment
Occurrence that follows an undesirable behavior in an effort to decrease the likelihood that it will occur again.
Discrimination
Process in which organism does not respond to a specific stimulus in the same way it would to a similar stimulus
Generalization
Process in which organism exhibits a conditoned response to the new stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus
Fixed Variable
Reinforcement is given after a varying number of responses has been given by the subject
Fixed ratio schedule
Reinforcment is given after the same number of responses are given by a subject
Unconditoned Stimulus
Something that causes an automatic response without any conditioning
Extinction
The gradual loss of a conditoned response after the conditioned stimulus is withdrawn
Spontaneous Recovery
The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed
Shaping
The reinforcement of responses that come closer and closer to the desired behavior
Positive reinforcement
The strengthening of a desired behavior by giving a reward after the desired behavior takes place
Neg reinforcement
The strengthening of a desired behavior by taking away an unpleasent stimulus