psychology midterm pt. 2

motor neurons

Messages from the brain or spinal cord are transmitted to muscles or glands through _____. a. Schwann cells b. afferent neurons c. glial cells d. motor neurons

determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of stages of memory intends to _____. a. determine the vividness of stimulation perception b. determine the meaning and importance of dreams c. determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory d. determine the physiological causes of memory disorders

in an experiment, an audio track was played at such a low volume that the participants were not aware of it

Which of the following scenarios illustrates subliminal stimulation? a. Caleb who initially found his classroom too bright eventually became accustomed to the brightness. b. While driving down a highway, Deborah perceived the objects outside to be moving faster than her car. c. In a restaurant, several mirrors were arranged in such a way that the restaurant appeared to be large and spacious despite it being small. d. In an experiment, an audio track was played at such a low volume that the participants were not aware of it.

intelligence

. __________is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience. a. Semanticity b. Instinct c. Intelligence d. Memory

primary mental abilities

According to Louis Thurstone,__________are the eight specific factors that make up intelligence. a. primary mental abilities b. representativeness heuristics c. availability heuristics d. ordinal-level variables

the gate theory

Amy accidentally hit her elbow against the edge of a wall. Amy's mother rushed to her and rubbed the affected elbow. Amy's pain subsided. Which theory would best explain this incident? a. The signal-detection theory b. The place theory c. The gate theory d. The opponent-process theory

sleep paralysis

In _____, a person cannot move during the transition from consciousness to sleep, and hallucinations occur. a. sleep apnea b. sleep paralysis c. insomnia d. somnambulism

unconscious

In psychodynamic theory, the term _____ is descriptive of ideas and feelings that are not available to awareness. a. conscious b. nonconscious c. unconscious d. preconscious

10 to 12 seconds

In short-term memory, an image tends to fade after _____ if it is not repeated or rehearsed. a. 90 seconds b. 10 to 12 seconds c. one second d. a day

model

In the terminology of observational learning, a person who engages in a response that is imitated is a__________. a. shaper b. primary reinforcer c. conditioned reinforcer d. model

when skin temperature increases

In which of the following conditions do receptors for warmth fire? a. When skin temperature increases b. When body temperature decreases c. When nociceptors in the skin are depressed d. When phantom limb pain is aroused

cognitive

Psychologists with a(n) _____ perspective primarily venture into the realm of mental processes such as sensation and perception, memory, intelligence, language, thought, and problem solving to understand human nature. a. evolutionary b. biological c. cognitive d. behaviorist

auditory nerve

The axon bundle that transmits neural impulses from the organ of Corti to the brain is known as the__________. a. cochlea b. basilar membrane c. Eustachian tube d. auditory nerve

complementary colors

The colors across from one another on the color wheel are labeled__________. a. complementary colors b. supplementary colors c. auxiliary colors d. secondary colors

direct inner awareness

The knowledge of one's own thoughts, feelings, and memories without the use of sensory organs is known as _____. a. selective attention b. direct inner awareness c. regularization d. countertransference

to confine epileptic seizures to one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex

What is the purpose of a split-brain operation? a. To confine epileptic seizures to one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex b. To modify the language functions of the brain c. To enhance aesthetic and emotional responses d. To integrate the functions of both the hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

critical thinking

__________is defined as a way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination of evidence. a. Introspection b. Critical thinking c. Reinforcement d. Conditioning

the vestibular sense

__________tells us whether we are falling and provides cues to whether our body is changing speed. a. The olfactory sense b. Clairvoyance c. Telepathy d. The vestibular sense

it involves extending the semantic meaning of the letters that need to be remembered

Which of the following is true about elaborative rehearsal? a. It involves visually representing a list of letters that needs to be remembered. b. It involves mentally repeating a list of letters or numbers that needs to be remembered. c. It involves adding additional letters to a list of letters that has already been memorized. d. It involves extending the semantic meaning of the letters that need to be remembered.

freud argued that dreams express impulses we would censor during the day

Which of the following statements is true of dreams? a. Dreams are most likely to be vague and fleeting during rapid eye movement sleep. b. Freud argued that dreams express impulses we would censor during the day. c. Nightmares, like most pleasant dreams, are products of non-rapid eye movement sleep. d. Freud believed that nearly all dreams had something to do with one's childhood.